Deck 27: Romanticism, Realism, Photography: Europe and America, 1800 to 1870

Question 1

In light of the 1848 revolution, Salon jurors considered Courbet's depiction of the rural poor in The Stone Breakers as ____.

A) endearing
B) sublime
C) socialistic
D) condescending

Answer 1

C

Question 2

In Rossetti's Beata Beatrix, the artist incorporated a ____ to commemorate his wife's death.

A) book
B) white dove
C) poppy
D) wedding ring

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The Thankful Poor by Tanner reflects the typical Realist subject matter of ____.

A) religious scenes
B) ordinary people
C) aristocratic people
D) historical events

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Sargent's technique of applying paint in thin layers was influenced by ____.

A) Mrs. Richard Brinsley Sheridan
B) Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp
C) Las Meninas
D) Conversion of Saint Paul

Question 5

Géricault's Raft of the Medusa immortalized ____.

A) a Romantic dream image
B) the aftermath of a French shipwreck
C) the Greek war for independence
D) the Gothic emphasis on terror and the sublime

Question 6

Although possessing the Realist passion for accuracy, Rosa Bonheur did not depict ____.

A) social and political themes
B) animals
C) nature
D) everyday scenes

Question 7

The French viewing public were greatly horrified by Manet's Olympia because of her ____.

A) inappropriate dress
B) exotic trappings
C) defiant look
D) unattractiveness

Question 8

The leading figure of the Realist movement was ____.

A) Courbet
B) Eakins
C) Bouguereau
D) Bonheur

Question 9

Timothy O'Sullivan's photography aimed to impress on people ____.

A) the high cost of war
B) the importance of wealth
C) the importance of science
D) Realist concerns

Question 10

____ was one of the first Romantic artists to depict the dark terrain of the subconscious.

A) Jacques-Louis David
B) Thomas Gainsborough
C) Henry Fuseli
D) Élisabeth-Louise Vigée-Lebrun

Question 11

Which of the following artists was the most prominent member of the Hudson River School of landscape painting?

A) Friedrich
B) Constable
C) Turner
D) Cole

Question 12

Courbet's use of ____ in the The Stone Breakers further conveyed the dismal nature of manual labor?

A) a palette of dirty browns and grays
B) soft pastels for the stones
C) swirling, diagonal lines
D) bright color to highlight the labor

Question 13

Although François Rude's sculptures La Marseillaise for the Arc de Triomphe are neoclassical in style, the dramatic motion made it typical of ____.

A) Realism
B) Gothic art
C) the Barbizon School
D) Romanticism

Question 14

Winslow Homer's Veteran in a New Field is a commentary on the aftermath of the ____.

A) Barbizon School
B) peasants' revolt
C) French Revolution
D) civil war

Question 15

The American artist Thomas Eakins may have modeled the The Gross Clinic on ____.

A) Homer's Veteran in a New Field
B) Blake's Ancient of Days
C) Rembrandt's Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp
D) Rosetti's Beata Beatrix

Question 16

Described as awe mixed with terror, the notion of the sublime influenced ____.

A) Realism
B) Positivism
C) Romanticism
D) Neoclassicism

Question 17

Napoleon converted La Madeleine in Paris from a church into a ____.

A) temple of glory for his armies
B) center of the 19th-century Jesuit revival
C) monument to the success of middle-class bankers
D) monument to the success of French revolutionary leaders

Question 18

The ____ were the defenders of academism who insisted that line was superior to color.

A) Rubenistes
B) Romantics
C) Poussinistes
D) Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood

Question 19

Muybridge used a ____ to project his sequence of images onto a screen.

A) calotype
B) daguerrotype
C) camera obscura
D) Zoopr praxiscope

Question 20

Napoleon's favorite sculptor was _____.

A) Canova
B) David
C) Rude
D) Lewis

Question 21

How did Thomas Cole respond to America's direction as a civilization?

Question 22

Was David's Coronation of Napoleon fact or fiction?

Question 23

What was the drawback to "wet-plate" processing?

Question 24

How did Friedrich achieve a balance between the inner and outer experience in his landscape paintings?

Question 25

How does Blake's Ancient of Days blend Romantic and other influences?

Question 26

Constable's Haywain avoids the ____, which was a characteristic of the agrarian working class.

A) love of the land
B) civil unrest
C) participation in home markets
D) bondage to wealthy landowners

Question 27

Why was photography well suited to its age?

Question 28

What is the interpretation of Goya's Saturn Devouring One His Children?

Question 29

What features of John Constable's landscapes reveal a kinship with Romantic artists?

Question 30

Who studied with Eakins before moving to Paris?

A) Whistler
B) Cassatt
C) Tanner
D) Muybridge

Question 31

Which artist did Leland Stanford, governor of California, consult with in order to win a bet about motion, and what was the bet?

Question 32

Thomas Eakins believed that ____ and scientific knowledge were prerequisites for his art.

A) observation
B) poetry
C) fortune
D) support

Question 33

What was the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood?

Question 34

How did Henry Fuseli evoke horror and possibly the dark terrain of the human subconscious in his artwork?

Question 35

Describe the nature of Daumier's subject matter?

Question 36

Julia Margaret Cameron used a short focal length lens that allowed only a small area of sharp focus. What kind of effect would a lens like this produce?

A) Small, intimate images
B) Precise character studies
C) Ethereal, dreamlike images
D) Intense, psychological images

Question 37

How did Timothy O'Sullivan's A Harvest of Death, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, July 1863 respond as a new medium, and how did it impact the nation?

Question 38

Describe the tenets of the Realist movement.

Question 39

Describe Joseph Paxton's innovations in architecture.

Question 40

Who among the following artists liked to paint images of the Romantic transcendental landscape?

A) Cole
B) Friedrich
C) Turner
D) Bierstadt

Question 41

Describe the various types of revival styles found in 18th- and 19th-century architecture. Use examples to support your response.

Question 42

What question does the artist raise in this painting?

Question 43

How do each of these works display characteristics of the Romantic movement?

Question 44

Why is this work described as a mixture of styles, and how did that affect the perception of Ingres's art?

Question 45

Describe the impact of photography on the 19th-century landscape. How did it affect painting? What were the political implications of the medium? Use examples to support your essay.

Question 46

Contrast Constable's The Hay Wain with Bierstadt's Among the Sierra Nevada Mountains, California. What are the sociopolitical overtones of each work, and how do they represent their respective countries and environments?

Question 47

Compare Manet's Olympia and Millais's Ophelia. How does each work represent the artist and his period?

Question 48

Why were some of the subjects the French Realist artists considered subversive?

Question 49

Compare and contrast landscape painting in Europe and the United States in the early 19th century. What are the sociopolitical differences in landscape painting? Discuss at least three countries in your essay and use examples to support your argument.

Question 50

Explain the ways in which the interest in the sentimental, the heroic, and the sublime was expressed in art. Use examples to support your response.

Question 51

What influenced the design of the facade, and what message did the architecture communicate?

Question 52

Compare and contrast the works of Eakins and Manet. How does each artist relate to his respective environment? How does each artist reflect the art of the 19th century? Use examples to support your essay.

Question 53

Who created this work, and what did it lead to?

Question 54

How does this work reflect Realist tenets?

Question 55

What event did the artist depict and how did he ensure the accuracy of the representation?

Question 56

How does this painting epitomize Romanticism?

Question 57

What is the significance of Courbet's style for the Realist movement?

Question 58

Why did this work have a negative reaction from French society during the 19^th century?

Question 59

Contrast the works of Millet and Courbet. How did they visually respond to the social climate of their period? Use examples to support your essay.

Question 60

How does the work of Goya relate to artistic movements of the 18th and 19th centuries? Use examples to support your essay.