Deck 12: Performance-Enhancing Drugs and Drug Testing in Sports

Question 1

In 2004, the World Anti-Doping Code was created as an agreed-upon list of prohibited performance-enhancing drugs and performance-enhancing methods in international sports competitions, testing procedures for their use, and specific penalties for violations.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Random drug testing does not occur in the National Hockey League (NHL).

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Anabolic steroids have the same legal status in Canada and the United States.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

All anabolic steroids are based upon alterations of the testosterone molecule.

Question 5

Steroid use was largely limited to athletes in strength events until the mid-1990s.

Question 6

Steroid use was completely out in the open during the 1968 Olympic Games in Mexico City.

Question 7

Some athletes use HCG to counter the undesirable effects of anabolic steroids.

Question 8

Anabolic steroids do not cause androgenic effects.

Question 9

In the condition called gynecomastia, male breasts enlarge.

Question 10

Severe acne, especially on the shoulders and back, is one of the side effects of steroid abuse.

Question 11

Beginning in 2000, athletes competing in the Olympic Games recited an oath not to use drugs in the competition.

Question 12

Anabolic-androgenic steroids are the most common drug seized by Canadian Border Services.

Question 13

It is legal to possess anabolic steroids in Canada.

Question 14

Priapism is a form of drug-related impotence.

Question 15

The androgen receptor is a type of nuclear receptor.

Question 16

The effect that promotes the development of protein and increases muscle tissue is known as androgenic.

Question 17

Greek athletes took LSD to help them in the earliest Olympic Games (around 300 B.C.E.).

Question 18

Anabolic steroids are actually anabolic-androgenic steroids.

Question 19

Adrenocortical steroids are ergogenic in the same sense as anabolic steroids.

Question 20

Anabolic steroid drugs alter both the behaviour and physical body of the user.

Question 21

Human growth hormone (hGH) acts as an antagonist to more anabolic steroids.

Question 22

Anabolic steroids increase strength in adolescents, but stunt overall body growth.

Question 23

Muscle dysmorphia is a kind of reverse anorexia, where the sufferer thinks that his or her musculature is less developed than it really is.

Question 24

Androstenedione can be converted to testosterone by the liver.

Question 25

EIA is the only testing procedure that can screen for anabolic steroids.

Question 26

The practice of taking steroids for weeks at a time with periods of abstinence is known as cycling.

Question 27

Athletes are more resistant to placebo effects than nonathletes because they are more attuned to their bodies.

Question 28

GC/MS is simpler and less expensive than EIA as a drug test.

Question 29

An increased risk of acromegaly is an unfortunate side effect of hGH.

Question 30

One of the beneficial applications of anabolic steroids is to help reduce the severity of symptoms resulting from liver cancer.

Question 31

Anabolic steroids tend to stimulate growth hormone, producing great height when taken during adolescence.

Question 32

"'Roid rage" refers to the aggressiveness and mood swings among steroid users.

Question 33

False positives occur with the EIA test but not with the GC/MS test.

Question 34

Passive inhalation of marijuana smoke can result in a false-positive indication of marijuana use on a drug screening test.

Question 35

Short-term use of creatine has been found to produce muscle cramping.

Question 36

The practice of taking any steroid that is available is known as stacking.

Question 37

Androstenedione and creatine are examples of dietary supplements rather than anabolic steroids.

Question 38

When abusers abstain from anabolic steroid use, signs of depression are likely to develop.

Question 39

A lower voice is one of the reversible side effects of steroid abuse among female athletes.

Question 40

Research has shown that prevention programs such as ATLAS are not effective among adolescents under the age of 17.

Question 41

If the interval between use and testing is long and the elimination half-life is long, urinalysis can sometimes produce a positive result where oral fluid testing would not.

Question 42

The two primary effects testosterone has on the human body are _______and ________.

A) androgenic; anabolic
B) androgenic; adrenocortical
C) adrenocortical; anabolic
D) anabolic; stanzodol

Question 43

Records of psychoactive drug use in athletic competitions date back to __________.

A) Neolithic times, from the evidence of cave paintings
B) 1500 B.C.E., from an Egyptian hieroglyphic document describing annual harvest celebrations
C) 300 B.C.E., during the first Olympic Games
D) 1886, during an international cross-country bicycle race

Question 44

The aim of ergogenic steroids is to __________.

A) emphasize anabolic effects and de-emphasize androgenic effects
B) emphasize androgenic effects and de-emphasize anabolic effects
C) emphasize both anabolic and androgenic effects
D) de-emphasize both anabolic and androgenic effects

Question 45

Anabolic-androgenic steroids are based on the molecule __________.

A) estrogen
B) amphetamine
C) testosterone
D) glucocorticoid

Question 46

In 1886, a Welsh cyclist died while competing in a cross-country race due to ingestion of a combination of morphine and cocaine called a __________.

A) "hardball"
B) "speedball"
C) "curveball"
D) "golfball"

Question 47

A substantial likelihood of yielding a false-positive result is an indication that test specificity is low.

Question 48

What is the legal status of anabolic steroids in Canada?

A) It is legal to possess steroids but illegal to sell or import them into Canada.
B) It is illegal to possess steroids without a prescription as well as to sell or import them into Canada.
C) It is illegal to possess steroids but legal to sell or import them into Canada.
D) It is legal to possess steroids as well as to sell or import them into Canada.

Question 49

Androgenic literally means __________.

A) muscle-increasing
B) man-producing
C) gender-changing
D) sex-enhancing

Question 50

Anabolic-androgenic steroids will have androgenic effects due to __________.

A) the masculinizing effects of testosterone
B) the ergogenic effects of testosterone
C) the reduction in cortical mass
D) both A and B

Question 51

Recent surveys indicate a decreasing concern among male adolescents about the appearance of their bodies.

Question 52

The first use of anabolic steroids was in the treatment of __________.

A) anemia
B) insomnia and agitation
C) schizophrenic symptoms
D) hypertension

Question 53

By 1900, athletes had experimented with the effects of __________ on performance.

A) cocaine
B) alcohol
C) caffeine
D) all of the above

Question 54

Any substance that enhances the performance of some task is called __________.

A) androgenic
B) anabolic
C) adrenocortical
D) ergogenic

Question 55

In Canada, anabolic steroids are classified as a _______ drug under the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act.

A) Schedule I
B) Schedule II
C) Schedule III
D) Schedule IV

Question 56

Anabolic literally means __________.

A) muscle-increasing
B) strength-inducing
C) upward-changing
D) work-improving

Question 57

Anabolic steroid drugs are patterned after __________.

A) estrogen
B) testosterone
C) endorphins
D) amino acids

Question 58

Analogy: _______ is to increase in body hair as ______ is to increase in muscle tissue.

A) ergogenic; anabolic
B) anabolic; ergogenic
C) androgenic; anabolic
D) anabolic; androgenic

Question 59

The first drug-related death ever recorded in sports occurred in __________.

A) 300 B.C.E.
B) 1886
C) 1904
D) 1930

Question 60

At the Olympic Games in Greece in 300 B.C.E., athletes ____ to enhance their performance.

A) used amphetamines
B) snorted cocaine
C) ate hallucinogenic mushrooms
D) drank caffeinated beverages

Question 61

Analogy: Upward-changing is to anabolic as downward-changing is to__________.

A) androgenic
B) super-anabolic
C) depressant
D) catabolic

Question 62

From 1975 to 1985, what country ran official programs for administering anabolic steroids to competitive swimmers?

A) East Germany
B) Japan
C) United States
D) Romania

Question 63

Analogy: Gynecomastia is to breast as priapism is to __________.

A) men
B) penis
C) prostate gland
D) hair

Question 64

Eastern European women athletes in the 1960s and 1970s were frequently accused of being __________.

A) men disguised as women
B) results of genetic mutations
C) bred for athletic prowess
D) both A and B

Question 65

Ironically, as a result of anabolic steroid use increasing testosterone levels, __________.

A) the testes stop producing testosterone
B) sperm count decreases
C) the testicles shrink
D) all of the above

Question 66

Adverse effects of HCG include __________.

A) headaches
B) retention of fluids
C) depression
D) all of the above

Question 67

HCG is sometimes used in an attempt __________.

A) to increase the potency of anabolic steroids
B) to counter the undesirable effects of anabolic steroids
C) to diagnose the presence of anabolic steroids
D) to increase body strength by reducing the functioning of the testes

Question 68

Adrenocortical steroids __________.

A) can have catabolic effects
B) reduce inflammation
C) can lead to muscle atrophy over long-term use
D) all of the above

Question 69

To date, it has been reported that __________ were (was) caught using performance enhancing drugs from 2005-2012 in the National Hockey League (NHL).

A) 0 players
B) 1 player
C) about 10 players
D) more than 50 players

Question 70

For most athletes, HCG makes matters worse rather than better because __________.

A) HCG is often mixed with other drugs, which dilute the potency of the HCG
B) the dosages must be controlled carefully, and most athletes fail to do that
C) HCG only works for women
D) all of the above

Question 71

Gynecomastia refers to __________.

A) the enlargement of breasts
B) the development of female genitalia
C) the loss of facial hair
D) profound sterility

Question 72

A specific phrase ("committing ourselves to a sport without doping and without drugs") was inserted into the Olympic Oath __________.

A) in 300 B.C.E.
B) beginning with the 2000 Sydney Olympic Games
C) at the beginning of the modern Olympic Games era in 1896
D) in 1984, after the first recorded use of anabolic steroids by an athlete

Question 73

When activated, androgen receptors exert their effects by __________.

A) causing the release of GABA
B) altering gene expression
C) blocking an ion channel
D) causing the release of testosterone

Question 74

Adrenocortical steroids tend to __________.

A) strengthen muscles
B) weaken muscles
C) increase muscle tissue
D) promote protein development

Question 75

Anabolic steroids produce all of the following effects except __________.

A) loss of facial hair
B) severe acne
C) baldness
D) increased sebaceous gland activity

Question 76

As a result of the presence of anabolic steroids in male users, __________.

A) testosterone secretions increase
B) testicles shrink
C) the voice becomes higher in pitch
D) acquired sterility is irreversible

Question 77

In 2004, the World Anti-Doping Code was created as an agreed upon list that __________.

A) set a standard list of banned drugs
B) established systems to test for specific drug use
C) identifies penalties for drug users
D) all of the above

Question 78

Available anabolic steroids are administered __________.

A) orally
B) through intramuscular injection
C) through transdermal patch
D) all of the above

Question 79

Lance Armstrong was banned from cycling for life and stripped of his titles in __________ for using performance enhancing drugs.

A) 2000
B) 2004
C) 2009
D) 2012

Question 80

Which of the following athletic organizations does NOT conduct testing for steroids?

A) Major League Baseball
B) National Football League
C) National Hockey League
D) All of the above organizations conduct steroid testing.