Deck 13: Depressants and Inhalants

Question 1

The brain builds up a tolerance to barbiturates quickly.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Barbituric acid, alone, has very strong behavioural effects.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Barbiturates used in surgical anaesthesia are of the long-acting type.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

The withdrawal process of barbiturates is potentially life-threatening unless it is done under medical supervision.

Question 5

Taking barbiturate drugs has been shown to be positively reinforcing in humans and laboratory animals.

Question 6

Mixing alcohol with barbiturates is an example of an antagonistic drug combination.

Question 7

Although it is questionable whether a sedative-hypnotic drug such as amobarbital (Amytal, or "sodium amytal") may function as "truth serum" in criminal cases, military and intelligence experts point to the potential for gaining some relevant information.

Question 8

Barbiturates act as GABA antagonists.

Question 9

One of the withdrawal symptoms from chronic use of barbiturates is a strange sense of calm.

Question 10

Tranquilizers provide relief from anxiety and stress by sedating us.

Question 11

Barbiturates administered by injection are longer acting than orally administered barbiturates.

Question 12

Antianxiety drugs are also referred to as tranquilizers.

Question 13

Pentothal (Thiopental) is a long-acting barbiturate.

Question 14

An ultra-short acting barbiturate would have effects that last for about an hour.

Question 15

Ultra-short-acting barbiturates are commonly abused.

Question 16

Barbiturates bind to a different site on the receptor than the effective neurotransmitter would.

Question 17

Patients using barbiturates to treat insomnia typically wake up feeling well rested and refreshed.

Question 18

Phenobarbital continues to be used for the treatment of epileptic seizures.

Question 19

REM-sleep rebound is a problem with barbiturate drugs used in the treatment of insomnia.

Question 20

Barbiturate drugs are one of the few psychoactive substances that do not interact significantly with alcohol.

Question 21

Major tranquilizers are also known as antianxiety drugs.

Question 22

The physician-patient relationship plays an important role in the effectiveness of benzodiazepines.

Question 23

Most users who overdose from benzodiazepines die from respiratory failure.

Question 24

The relaxant effects of benzodiazepines last longer than those of barbiturates.

Question 25

Librium and Valium are both benzodiazepines.

Question 26

Benzodiazepine are considered less safe than barbiturates.

Question 27

Physiological symptoms appear when benzodiazepines are withdrawn.

Question 28

Restoril and Xanax are examples of short-acting barbiturate drugs.

Question 29

The first drug developed to treat anxiety was methaqualone (Quaalude).

Question 30

Withdrawal symptoms from long-acting benzodiazepines typically do not appear until between the third and sixth days following the last dose.

Question 31

Benzodiazepines are, in general, less toxic than barbiturates.

Question 32

When they were first introduced in the 1960s, the sedative effects of benzodiazepines were especially appealing to mental health professionals.

Question 33

The GABA receptor has binding sites for benzodiazepines and other sedative-hypnotics (possibly barbiturates and alcohol).

Question 34

After taking benzodiazepines (i.e., Valium), an elderly person will not be drug-free for two months.

Question 35

In blind studies, normal university students show a preference for a placebo over Valium.

Question 36

Quaaludes were responsible for many an unsuspecting sailor in the 1800s getting "shanghaied" on a boat to China.

Question 37

An injectable form of diazepam (brand name: Valium) is sometimes desirable when a slow-acting effect is required.

Question 38

A key neurotransmitter in the action of benzodiazepines is dopamine.

Question 39

Barbiturate abuse reached its peak in the 1950s and 1960s.

Question 40

Methaqualone (Quaalude) was once believed to have aphrodisiac properties.

Question 41

Unless an inhaled gas contains a minimum of 21% oxygen in it, hypoxia will occur.

Question 42

Nitrous oxide is a toxic gas.

Question 43

Eszopiclone is a drug prescribed to treat insomnia in Canada.

Question 44

Inhalant intoxication occurs faster than alcohol intoxication.

Question 45

Fumes from inhalant products are stimulants.

Question 46

Nitrous oxide was first used for medical purposes.

Question 47

The drug zolpidem (brand name: Sublinox) is a benzodiazepine drug.

Question 48

Buspirone impairs motor skills.

Question 49

The flammability of ether makes it a poor choice for recreational use.

Question 50

In the 1960s, the customary pattern of nitrous oxide was inhalation directly from whippets.

Question 51

GHB is a CNS stimulant.

Question 52

Rohypnol is ten times stronger than Valium.

Question 53

At one time, GHB was considered to have steroid-enhancing effects.

Question 54

An immediate effect of glue, solvent, or aerosol inhalation is slurred speech.

Question 55

One of the hazards of nitrous oxide is its flammability.

Question 56

It is relatively difficult to obtain products containing acetone.

Question 57

Nitrous oxide dilutes the air a person breathes, depriving the individual of oxygen.

Question 58

Buspirone does not create euphoria, physical dependence, or cross-tolerance.

Question 59

Beta blockers increase the force of heart contractions.

Question 60

The first signs that show that one has taken GHB are dizziness and a severe headache.

Question 61

For those who engage in inhalant abuse, their first experience with psychoactive drugs most likely involved tobacco.

Question 62

Acetone abuse has been linked to severe short-term memory loss.

Question 63

High school students engage in inhalant use more often than students in elementary school.

Question 64

Though physiological symptoms after inhalant withdrawal are hardly ever observed in laboratory animals, they are frequently observed in humans.

Question 65

Another name for sedative-hypnotics is __________.

A) antipsychotic drugs
B) antidepressants
C) neuroleptics
D) depressants

Question 66

An inhalant ingredient that is specifically carcinogenic is benzene.

Question 67

The Canadian Addiction Survey reports that about 5% of Canadians over the age of 15 have used inhalants at some point in their lives.

Question 68

Dangers associated with inhalants lie not only in their toxic effects but also in the behavioural effects of the intoxication.

Question 69

Inhalant abuse is less common in Canada's Aboriginal populations than in other ethnic groups.

Question 70

Acute inhalant effects may include double vision, a ringing in the ears, and hallucinations.

Question 71

Chronic inhalant abuse is most common among children who are poor.

Question 72

Triorthocresyl phosphate is a toxic substance found in glues and other adhesive products.

Question 73

The Greek word hypnos in the term sedative-hypnotics refers to the ability of these drugs to induce __________.

A) a hypnotic trance
B) stimulation of the hypothalamus in the brain
C) sleep
D) hypoglycemia

Question 74

Oil of mustard as an additive for one brand of commercial model glue has reduced its abuse significantly.

Question 75

Inhaling from a handkerchief or from a container is referred to as bagging.

Question 76

One survey among American Indian youths found that when friends strongly encouraged inhalant use or would not try to stop it, 84% of the sample reported having tried inhalants.

Question 77

Peer influence can increase a child's chances of abusing inhalants.

Question 78

Tranquilizers are most frequently referred to by a more current term: __________.

A) antianxiety drugs
B) sedative-hypnotics
C) antidepressants
D) psychotropic medications

Question 79

There is clear evidence of physical dependence in cases of inhalation abuse.

Question 80

Educational programs are clearly the most effective strategy for controlling inhalant abuse.