Deck 1: Drugs and Behaviour Today

Question 1

The Egyptian scroll referred to as the Ebers Papyrus was eventually proved to be a hoax.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

The elderly are highly vulnerable to drug misuse.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Alcohol has been an illicit drug since 1965.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Drugs that are illegal are referred to as licit drugs.

Question 5

Today, the Canadian government classifies marijuana as an illegal substance with no accepted medical use.

Question 6

Only legal drugs have instrumental uses.

Question 7

Willow bark is the source of present-day marijuana.

Question 8

Shaman is a name for a healer in a primitive society.

Question 9

Some substances that can be harmful to the user are legal.

Question 10

Drug abuse can involve either licit or illicit substances.

Question 11

Psychoactive drugs do not modify brain functioning once drug-taking behaviour stops.

Question 12

Drug misuse typically applies to the inappropriate use of prescription or nonprescription drugs.

Question 13

The senna plant has been successfully used for the treatment of constipation.

Question 14

The legality of psychoactive drugs may depend on cultural and historical circumstances.

Question 15

Ecstasy has been a licit drug since 2000.

Question 16

For a drug to have a recreational use, the user must take the drug for the purposes of acquiring the effect of the drug itself.

Question 17

Antidrug campaigns in the media are created to discourage young people from becoming involved with drugs in general.

Question 18

A flavonoid called naringenin, found in grapefruit, has a specific inhibitory effect on the secretion of hepatitis C virus from infected liver cells.

Question 19

Instrumental use is the primary motivation for drug abuse.

Question 20

The active ingredient in turmeric, called curcumin, has a specific inhibitory effect on the secretion of hepatitis C virus from infected liver cells.

Question 21

The Canadian Alcohol and Drug Use Monitoring Survey (CADUMS) has revealed that current levels of marijuana use among high school students have increased substantially within the last year.

Question 22

Laudanum is a liquid form of nicotine used in the nineteenth century.

Question 23

Until 1903, the formula for Coca-Cola contained opium.

Question 24

"To have a good time with my friends" is a frequent answer of high school seniors when asked why they take drugs.

Question 25

One of the best-known surveys that examine drug-taking patterns of young people annually since 1975 has been conducted by the University of Waterloo.

Question 26

Patent medicines refer to products that have been patented and distributed by pharmaceutical companies following a lengthy process of Health Canada approval.

Question 27

In 1983 to 1984, the responses given by high school seniors about their personal reasons for using drugs were substantially different than responses by this group to the same question in 1976.

Question 28

The Canadian Alcohol and Drug Use Monitoring Survey (CADUMS) examines the prevalence rates of illicit drug use among Canadians in several age groups across the lifespan.

Question 29

The era of Prohibition in Canada began in 1901, when Prince Edward Island banned all alcohol sales and consumption.

Question 30

Crack, a form of smokable cocaine, appeared on the scene in the mid-1980s.

Question 31

The Canadian Centre on Alcohol Abuse conducts surveys to learn about drug and alcohol use patterns in our society.

Question 32

The degree of social acceptance of opium in the nineteenth century was dependent on the manner in which opium was ingested.

Question 33

The rate of smoking among Canadian youth aged 15 to 19 has increased by three times since 1985.

Question 34

Chlorpromazine is considered to be one of the original drugs for the treatment of schizophrenia.

Question 35

Freud believed that an effective treatment for morphine addiction was the use of cocaine.

Question 36

In the nineteenth century, it was common for infants and children in the United States and England to take opium.

Question 37

Neuroscience, a new branch of biological science, came into being in the early 1940s during World War II.

Question 38

Patient records indicate that the Ebers Papyrus had a surprisingly high success rate for healing patients.

Question 39

In 2011, 50% of high school seniors reported use of an illicit drug during the past year.

Question 40

Efforts to reduce underage drinking by enforcing restrictions on alcohol sales to minors have met with only partial success.

Question 41

The potential for drug abuse in general presents a greater challenge for __________.

A) men than for women
B) the elderly than for young people
C) young people than for the elderly
D) none of the above

Question 42

An over-the-counter (OTC) cold remedy taken for a cold would be classified as a(n) __________.

A) licit drug for instrumental use
B) illicit drug for instrumental use
C) licit drug for recreational use
D) illicit drug for recreational use

Question 43

Ketamine is not considered a "club drug."

Question 44

Protective factors are the negation (or the inverted image) of risk factors.

Question 45

Which of the following is an illicit drug in Canada?

A) alcohol
B) nicotine
C) caffeine
D) LSD

Question 46

Club drugs include both stimulant drugs such as methamphetamine and hallucinogenic drugs such as LSD.

Question 47

Understanding drug dependence requires an examination of __________.

A) biological factors
B) psychological factors
C) biological and psychological factors
D) biological, psychological, and sociological factors

Question 48

Signs of drug dependence include __________.

A) intense cravings for the drug
B) need for increasingly greater quantities of the drug to get the same desired effect
C) becoming preoccupied with drug-taking behaviour
D) all of the above

Question 49

The presence of protective factors can provide the basis for resilience toward drug use among high-risk adolescents.

Question 50

Low educational aspirations usually represent a risk factor for drug use.

Question 51

According to the text, drugs such as alcohol and nicotine are referred to as __________.

A) illegal drugs
B) licit drugs
C) illicit drugs
D) over-the-counter drugs

Question 52

Analogy: Illicit drugs are to cocaine as licit drugs are to __________.

A) crack
B) heroin
C) alcohol
D) ecstasy

Question 53

Nonmedical use of Adderall is of special interest because of its potential for dependence and abuse.

Question 54

Dextromethorphan (DXM) is a cough suppressant found in many over-the-counter cough-and-cold medications.

Question 55

Understanding individuals' risk factors and protective factors gives us some idea of which individuals are likely to use drugs and which are not.

Question 56

By the definition used in the textbook, a chemical substance would be considered a drug if __________.

A) it intoxicated the user
B) it had an impact on brain functioning
C) it served as a nutrient
D) both A and B

Question 57

A member of a socially deviant subculture is quite often an accomplished student in school.

Question 58

Despite still being officially classified as an illegal substance, marijuana has been legalized for medical use in Canada since __________.

A) 2000
B) 2001
C) 2010
D) 2011

Question 59

Which of the following is NOT an illicit drug in Canada?

A) cocaine
B) heroin
C) nicotine
D) ketamine

Question 60

Cocaine, heroin, and creatinine are examples of "club drugs."

Question 61

Viking warriors known as "berserkers" displayed wild behaviour due to ingestion of which psychoactive drug?

A) DMT
B) Amanita muscaria, also known as fly agaric
C) Bupromorphine
D) Berserkium

Question 62

Patent medicines in the nineteenth century contained __________.

A) opium, heroin, and nicotine
B) opium, cocaine, and heroin
C) alcohol, cocaine, and nicotine
D) opium, cocaine, and alcohol

Question 63

Karina needs to stay awake to study for her psychology midterm, so she decides to take an amphetamine to keep from falling asleep. In this case, the drug had a(n) _____ use.

A) recreational
B) instrumental
C) pre-instrumental
D) pre-recreational

Question 64

Which of the following plants has (have) been sources of hallucinogenic effects?

A) morning glories
B) yellow-orange fruits on cacti
C) certain types of mushrooms
D) all of the above

Question 65

Analogy: Licit recreational drug use is to smoking a cigarette as illicit recreational drug use is to __________.

A) smoking marijuana
B) drinking a caffeinated beverage
C) injecting heroin
D) both A and C

Question 66

Analogy: Placebo effect is to a genuine effect as __________.

A) ancient is to modern
B) physiological is to psychological
C) shamans are to priests
D) psychological is to physiological

Question 67

The toads that were often included in "witch's brew" recipes __________.

A) were quite poisonous
B) produced hallucinatory and blood pressure- elevating effects
C) were effective only by virtue of a placebo effect
D) had no effect whatsoever

Question 68

Which statement is NOT true?

A) Shamans still exist in some areas of the world.
B) The decline of shamanism was due to the development of centralized religions in Egyptian and Babylonian societies.
C) Shamanism was eventually replaced by more extreme practices in certain parts of the world before it died out completely.
D) Modern shamanic healing utilizes hallucination-producing plants.

Question 69

Instances of drug abuse involve __________.

A) illicit drugs only
B) licit drugs only
C) instrumental use of drugs
D) licit or illicit drugs

Question 70

Analogy: Edward Jenner is to Louis Pasteur as __________.

A) smallpox is to rabies
B) bromides are to chloral hydrate
C) a placebo effect is to a vaccine
D) morphine is to opium

Question 71

Instances in which a prescription or nonprescription drug is used in an inappropriate way are regarded as __________.

A) illicit drug-taking behaviour
B) extremely rare
C) drug misuse
D) drug abuse

Question 72

________ is the primary active ingredient in opium.

A) Cocaine
B) Morphine
C) Nicotine
D) Heroin

Question 73

Patent medicines in the 1800s were purchased through __________.

A) peddlers
B) general stores
C) mail-order advertisements
D) all of the above

Question 74

The Ebers Papyrus contained __________.

A) the secrets to the location of medicinal herbs hidden in royal tombs
B) totally useless remedies for common diseases
C) recipes for preparations used in medical treatment
D) ancient Babylonian writings that were later found to be a hoax

Question 75

Which of the following is an example of drug misuse?

A) taking a sleeping pill while drinking beer
B) taking your own prescription pain medication for a toothache
C) taking aspirin before its expiration date
D) avoiding alcohol when taking an antibiotic

Question 76

A particularly dangerous situation can result when medications are combined with __________.

A) caffeine
B) alcohol
C) nicotine
D) excessive water

Question 77

Analogy: Willow bark is to senna as __________.

A) aspirin is to laxative
B) hallucinogenic is to nonhallucinogenic
C) poisonous is to nonpoisonous
D) constipation is to headache

Question 78

Alcohol and nicotine generally belong to a category of __________.

A) licit drugs for instrumental use
B) licit drugs for recreational use
C) illicit drugs for recreational use
D) illicit drugs for instrumental use

Question 79

Dr. Sinha recommends drinking 120 mL (4 ounces) of an alcoholic beverage per day to his patient. The use of alcohol in this case is best described as __________.

A) illicit
B) instrumental
C) recreational
D) forensic

Question 80

A shaman is __________.

A) a primitive healer
B) an "extinct" cultural phenomenon
C) an individual who relies upon elaborate rituals
D) often appointed at random from among young females in a tribe