Deck 10: Managing IT Change

Question 1

The Denial stage of Connor's Stages of Negative Response to Change model occurs when people assume the position that the new initiative will fade away like so many others.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Connor's Response to Change models propose that change occurs in both a positive cycle and a negative cycle.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Each of the following is a method that managers use to successfully manage an organization through a change process except:

A) shielding the product or service during the change process.
B) limiting the amount of change introduced to one project per year.
C) carefully planning the total time involved in the change process.
D) minimizing the downtime of the people involved in the change.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the systematic, interdisciplinary study of the design, uses and consequences of IT that takes into account their interaction with institutional and cultural contexts?

A) Lewin-Schein model for managing change through IT
B) Social informatics
C) Contingency model
D) Results-driven structure

Question 5

The Informed Optimism stage of Connor's Stages of Positive Response to Change model occurs when enough time has passed and the ideas have been "tested" within and outside the organization and have received support.

Question 6

Each of the following is a distinct phase of Lewin-Schein's change process except:

A) unfreezing.
B) refreezing.
C) freezing.
D) change.

Question 7

The four keys to implementing change are leadership plus facilitation, get the right people involved, team building, and secure resources.

Question 8

The refreezing phase of Lewin-Schein's change process is the first step to be taken because it involves getting people to abandon their original habits and procedures for getting their work done so that they are more receptive to change.

Question 9

According to Schein, organizational culture is a significant force in encouraging change because cultural assumptions are easily understood.

Question 10

A primary motivation for successful change is that there is a direct hierarchical order to implement the change.

Question 11

One key to refreezing is implementing a new reward system to reinforce the new desired behavior.

Question 12

A primary motivation for change is that people are generally altruistic, thinking that change is in the best interests of the organization as a whole.

Question 13

The change phase of Lewin-Schein's change process involves introducing the new process through education and training.

Question 14

Each of the following is considered a motivator of change except:

A) pain.
B) seeing that one's own job will benefit from the new processes and technologies.
C) a new version is released.
D) a charismatic leader.

Question 15

The 80/20 rule, as applied to the management of change, requires 80% of the effort be put into making the change and 20% of the effort be put into preparing for the change.

Question 16

The Lewin-Schein basic model of the change process involves four distinct phases: freezing, unfreezing, change, and refreezing.

Question 17

IT as a changee refers IT as the object of change, such as the change associated with IT due to a major business merger or acquisition.

Question 18

The key to understanding transnational complexity in the management of change is to perform a thorough stakeholder analysis.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the phase of Lewin-Schein's change process model whereby the new process has become the norm and individuals will not revert to the original way of doing things?

A) Unfreezing
B) Refreezing
C) Freezing
D) Change

Question 20

One of the strongest motivators for unfreezing is "pain."

Question 21

_________________refers to the Lewin-Schein model of change phase that signifies the new process has become the norm, and that the individuals will not revert to the original way of doing things.

Question 22

_________________refers to the key to implementing change that calls for people at all levels to participate in creating value in the plan.

Question 23

Each of the following is considered one of the four overall keys to implementing change except:

A) leadership plus facilitation.
B) charismatic leader.
C) get the right people involved.
D) team building.

Question 24

The _________________stage of Connor's Stages of Positive Response to Change model occurs when enough time has passed and the ideas have been "tested" within and outside the organization and have received support.

Question 25

The_________________ stage of Connor's Stages of Negative Response to Change model indicates the inability to move forward that is brought on by information that shocks the system.

Question 26

_________________refers to the key to implementing change that calls for applying the appropriate levels of time, people, and money to bring about change.

Question 27

Which of the following steps of Belasco's Organization Change Process model is best described as focusing on the need to have a clear path toward the end goal?

A) Develop a migration plan
B) Build a sense of urgency
C) Reinforce the new behavior
D) Create a clear tomorrow

Question 28

The negative cycle in Connor's Stages of Negative Response to Change model has three peaks and _________________valley(s) making it a more difficult cycle to get through because there are more opportunities to quit the process.

Question 29

Each of the following is an example of IT as a changer except:

A) hardware.
B) personnel.
C) processes.
D) scarcity of labor, raw materials.

Question 30

Which of the following stages of Connor's Stages of Negative Response to Change is best described as the feeling of resentment employees have when they are helpless to change their destiny?

A) Depression
B) Immobilization
C) Acceptance
D) Anger

Question 31

Each of the following is an example of IT as a changee except:

A) personnel.
B) mergers and acquisitions.
C) customer demands.
D) scarcity of labor, raw materials.

Question 32

Each of the following is a characteristic of high performing teams except:

A) results-driven structure.
B) external support and recognition.
C) matrix structure.
D) principled leadership.

Question 33

Each of the following is a stage of Conner's Stages of Negative Response to Change except:

A) Acceptance.
B) Completion.
C) Immobilization.
D) Testing.

Question 34

IT as a_________________ refers to the role of IT when IT brings change to the organization by
introducing new technologies in the form of hardware, software, and telecommunications.

Question 35

The systematic, interdisciplinary study of the design, uses and consequences of IT that takes into account their interaction with institutional and cultural contexts best describes _________________.

Question 36

Each of the following are the most common reasons why people resist change except:

A) they will experience a loss of face.
B) they have competing commitments.
C) the change will increase workload.
D) the change is not interesting.

Question 37

Avoiding the temptation to choose the people who are available but not necessarily the best ones to lead the change process, goes against the central premise of the key to implementing change referred to as _________________.

Question 38

_________________refers to the characteristic of high performing teams that calls for applying the appropriate structure for the achievement of a specific performance objective.

Question 39

Which of the following stages of Connor's Stages of Positive Response to Change is best described as being the home stretch when participants can see the end goal in sight?

A) Completion
B) Informed pessimism
C) Hopeful realism
D) Informed optimism

Question 40

Each of the following is a stage of Conner's Stages of Positive Response to Change except:

A) Acceptance.
B) Completion.
C) Informed pessimism.
D) Hopeful realism.

Question 41

Explain the concepts of IT as a changer and IT as a changee and give one example of each.

Question 42

_________________refers to the primary reason why people resist change that involves the fear that their dignity will be undermined and their place of honor removed.

Question 43

The_________________ rule refers to the paradox of the perception that 90%of the change effort goes towards finding the best hardware and software for a solution while 10% of the effort is directed toward management of the change, when in fact the opposite is usually true.

Question 44

List and describe Lewin-Schein's three steps for managing change.

Question 45

Coercive management tricks, addressing the symptoms of a problem rather than its cause, and lack of time spent in setting the clear path to a goal, all refer to _________________.

Question 46

Spending one-on-one time with opinion leaders, securing an influential champion, and supporting the creation of a "skunk works" are best described as_________________ that will garner support and move the population toward refreezing..

Question 47

Define the concept of social informatics.

Question 48

_________________refers to the primary reason why people resist change that involves the concern that there will be a negative impact on their existing responsibilities, resulting in their failure to achieve desired results outside of the change.