Deck 8: Nervous Tissue

Question 1

In Fig. Img_003, a patient who has a stroke involving this region of the central nervous system has damage to her

A) cerebrum
B) cerebellum
C) spinal cord
D) thalamus
E) hypothalamus

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Major dense lines of a myelinated axon

A) represent the fused extracellular surface of the Schwann cell membrane
B) represent the fused cytoplasmic surfaces of the Schwann cell membrane
C) are located at the node of Ranvier
D) are aligned perpendicular to the intraperiod line
E) are absent in myelin sheaths formed by oligodendroglia in the central nervous system

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The nervous system has neurons as well as associated neuroglia. Which one of the following neuroglia is derived from cells of the bone marrow?

A) Schwann cells
B) astrocytes
C) oligodendroglia
D) ependymal cells
E) microglia

Answer 3

E

Question 4

Identify the structure

A) dorsal root ganglion
B) nerve fiber
C) adipose tissue
D) autonomic ganglion
E) embryonic connective tissue

Question 5

A patient presents with muscular rigidity, constant tremor, slow movement (bradykinesia), difficult voluntary movements, and rigid, mask-like features. Which neurotransmitter is lacking in this patient's brain?

A) dopamine
B) $\gamma$ -aminobutyric acid
C) acetylcholine
D) norepinephrine
E) glutamate

Question 6

When an action potential reaches the presynaptic membrane, it causes the opening of certain voltage-gated ion channels that permit the influx of specific ions, which causes synaptic vesicles to fuse with the presynaptic membrane and release their neurotransmitter substances via exocytosis into the synaptic cleft. These voltage-gated ion channels permit the

A) influx of Na⁺
B) outflow of K⁺
C) influx of Cl^-
D) influx of Ca²⁺
E) outflow of Cl^-

Question 7

Maintenance of the resting potential depends primarily on

A) Na⁺-K⁺ pumps
B) Ca²⁺ channels
C) K⁺ leak channels
D) voltage-gated K⁺ channels
E) voltage-gated Na⁺ channels

Question 8

The region within the rectangle is the

A) cerebellar cortex
B) cerebellar medulla
C) gray matter of the spinal cord
D) white matter of the spinal cord
E) cerebral cortex

Question 9

A patient presents in the emergency department with a knife wound to the arm. It is noted that some of the muscles of his arm are paralyzed. Which of the following will take place in the neurons whose axons were severed?

A) their soma will shrink
B) their Schwann cells will be unable to undergo mitosis
C) the macrophages surrounding the axons will be unable to function
D) the nucleus of their soma will be displaced
E) the rough ER of their soma will increase in size

Question 10

Hospitalized patients can contract herpesvirus infections from each other because of

A) anterograde transport
B) retrograde transport
C) Nissl body formation
D) continuous conduction
E) salutatory conduction

Question 11

Identify the cell at the tip of the arrow

A) unipolar neuron
B)pseudounipolar neuron
C) bipolar neuron
D) interneuron
E) astrocyte

Question 12

The neuron that is not present in a two-neuron reflex arc is known as a(n)

A) motor neuron
B) sensory neuron
C) afferent neuron
D) efferent neuron
E) interneuron

Question 13

An elderly patient is seen by his gerontologist and asks what the blood-brain barrier is and why certain drugs cannot enter the neural tissue. The physician explains that the principal anatomic structure that creates that barrier is the

A) astrocyte
B) endothelial cell
C) neuronal cell membrane
D) Schwann cell
E) microglia

Question 14

A patient with Hirschsprung disease has a developmental condition that involves

A) an open vertebral column
B) lack of sympathetic preganglionic neurons
C) lack of sympathetic postganglionic neurons
D) lack of parasympathetic preganglionic neurons
E) lack of parasympathetic postganglionic neurons

Question 15

During embryonic development, cells derived from neural crest migrate to form which of the following?

A) preganglionic parasympathetic neurons
B) preganglionic sympathetic neurons
C) interneurons
D) motor neurons of the ventral horn of the spinal cord
E) neurons in Auerbach's plexus

Question 16

Identify the cell at the tip of the arrow

A) unipolar neuron
B) pseudounipolar neuron
C) bipolar neuron
D) interneuron
E) multipolar neuron

Question 17

A 42-year-old patient presents with Huntington chorea. Which of the following neurotransmitter-producing cells is believed to be missing?

A) dopamine
B) $\gamma$ -aminobutyric acid
C) acetylcholine
D) norepinephrine
E) glutamate

Question 18

A patient is diagnosed with lockjaw. The tetanus toxin was transported from the periphery to the central nervous system by

A) anterograde transport
B) retrograde transport
C) dendritic transport
D) Schwann cells
E) oligodendroglia

Question 19

The nervous system has neurons as well as associated neuroglia. Which one of the following neuroglia participates in the formation of the choroid plexus?

A) Schwann cells
B) astrocytes
C) oligodendroglia
D) ependymal cells
E) microglia

Question 20

The structure located in the rectangle is responsible for the

A) formation of cerebrospinal fluid
B) elimination of cerebrospinal fluid
C) lining of the ventricles of the brain
D) lining the central canal of the spinal cord
E) formation of new neurons

Question 21

A 43-year-old patient who had an infection with Campylobacter jejuni 2 weeks earlier presents with lower back pain that progressed to muscle weakness and lack of sensation first in the lower then in the upper extremities. What should the physician suspect?

A) Huntington chorea
B) Parkinson disease
C) multiple sclerosis
D) spinal muscular atrophy
E) Guillain-Barré syndrome

Question 22

A second-year medical student, seen in the student health clinic, is disoriented and has fever, headache, and a stiff neck. The physician should suspect

A) meningioma
B) occult spina bifida
C) meningitis
D) an autoimmune disease
E) migraine

Question 23

A 43-year-old patient who had an infection with Campylobacter jejuni 2 weeks earlier presents with lower back pain that progressed to muscle weakness and lack of sensation first in the lower then in the upper extremities. The physician suspects Guillain-Barré syndrome, a disease that is

A) caused by toxins produced by the bacteria
B) a virally caused disease
C) an autoimmune disease
D) due to loss of neurons producing dopamine
E) due to loss of neurons producing $\gamma$ -aminobutyric acid