Deck 6: Cartilage and Bone

Question 1

In Fig. Img_011a, the predominant fiber types in this light micrograph are elastic fibers and

A) type I collagen
B) type II collagen
C) type III collagen
D) type IV collagen
E) type V collagen

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which of the following occurs during endochondral bone formation?

A) the periosteum is transformed into a perichondrium
B) chondrocytes hypertrophy and die
C) interstitial growth enlarges the subperiosteal bone collar
D) calcified cartilage becomes decalcified
E) calcified bone is replaced by cartilage

Answer 2

B

Question 3

A physician's new patient has acromegaly. This condition is due to the

A) excess production of somatotropin
B) excess production of somatostatin
C) excess intake of vitamin D
D) reduced intake of vitamin D
E) excess intake of calcium

Answer 3

A

Question 4

In Fig. Img_011, a patient presents with a nodule in his oral cavity/oral pharynx. The photomicrograph shows the normal area of his biopsy. The structure housing the nodule is the

A) uvula
B) hard palate
C) soft palate
D) epiglottis
E) palatine tonsil

Question 5

Which of the following statements is correct concerning elastic cartilage? It

A) is a vascular connective tissue
B) has no perichondrium
C) increases its size by appositional growth
D) has matrix vesicles in its matrix
E) has type III collagen in its matrix

Question 6

A patient is seen by his physician, who determines that he has a defective gene that codes for an inactive form of the hormone leptin. This patient

A) drinks too much fluid
B) does not drink enough fluids
C) has very little appetite
D) has a voracious appetite
E) has bouts of uncontrollable vomiting

Question 7

Which of the following regions of the osteoclast has proton pumps?

A) basal region
B) vesicular region
C) clear region
D) ruffled border
E) inner nuclear membrane

Question 8

The enzyme carbonic anhydrase is present in which of the following cells?

A) osteoprogenitor cells
B) chondrogenic cells
C) osteoclasts
D) osteoblasts
E) osteocytes

Question 9

A 12-year-old girl fell off her bicycle and broke her femur. Radiological examination showed a generalized reduction in bone density, suggesting to the pediatrician that the child might have a nutritional deficiency. Which of the following should be supplemented in this child's diet?

A) sodium
B) potassium
C) calcium
D) essential amino acids
E) vitamin E

Question 10

The cells that have the ability to decorate their membranes with Immunoglobulin E (IgE) are known as

A) pericytes
B) fibroblasts
C) macrophages
D) basophils
E) eosinophils

Question 11

A patient presents with a painless, well circumscribed, movable tumor the size of a golf ball on her shoulder. The physician takes a biopsy and the histological image is as displayed. The diagnosis is

A) chondroma
B) lipoma
C) rhabdomyosarcoma
D) liposarcoma
E) melanoma

Question 12

A patient who has a chronic inflammatory response has an abundance of which of the following cells?

A) macrophages
B) neutrophils
C) basophils
D) eosinophils
E) lymphocytes

Question 13

The enzyme lipoprotein lipase is located on the endothelial lining of blood vessels. This enzyme

A) functions to synthesize chylomicrons
B) functions to synthesize VLDLs (very low-density lipoproteins)
C) is manufactured by fibroblasts
D) is manufactured by adipocytes
E) is manufactured by macrophages

Question 14

Thermogenin is a transmembrane protein localized in which of the following sites?

A) cell membranes of unilocular adipocytes
B) cell membranes of multicellular adipocytes
C) inner mitochondrial membranes of unilocular adipocytes
D) inner mitochondrial membranes of multilocular adipocytes
E) trans-Golgi network of unilocular adipocytes

Question 15

A short-statured patient inquires about the genetic implication of her condition and would like to know the reason for it. The physician knows that the patient has achondroplasia. Which of the following is the correct reason for the condition?

A) lack of calcification of the epiphyseal plate
B) lack of matrix formation in the epiphyseal plate
C) excess calcification of the epiphyseal plate
D) excess chondrocyte formation in the epiphyseal plate
E) reduction in chondrocyte formation in the epiphyseal plate

Question 16

A very slim 82-year-old female patient is brought to the emergency department with severe back pain that radiates to the sides of the lower thoracic region. She has been losing height for the past few years, and she has developed a "dowager's hump." A possible diagnosis is

A) osteopetrosis
B) Paget's disease
C) osteomalacia
D) osteoma
E) osteoporosis

Question 17

In which of the following regions do processes of osteocytes contact and form gap junctions with each other?

A) Howship lacunae
B) canaliculi
C) lacunae
D) Volkmann canals
E) Haversian canals

Question 18

A patient with an acute inflammatory response has an abundance of which of the following cells?

A) macrophages
B) neutrophils
C) basophils
D) eosinophils
E) lymphocytes

Question 19

Which of the following statements is correct concerning osteoblasts? They

A) produce hydrochloric acid
B) have a basal zone
C) have a clear zone
D) are derived from osteoprogenitor cells
E) are derived from monocyte precursors

Question 20

Macrophages are cells that

A) endocytose lipids
B) are derived from lymphocytes
C) are derived from monocytes
D) synthesize and release interferon- $\gamma$ (IFN- $\gamma$ )
E) phagocytose dust cells

Question 21

A 27-year-old, very fair skinned patient who is 7 months pregnant presents at her gynecologist with a recent development that her legs have become somewhat bowed. The physician suspects

A) osteoporosis
B) osteopetrosis
C) osteoma
D) osteomalacia
E) osteosarcoma

Question 22

Fibrocartilage differs from hyaline cartilage in that fibrocartilage possesses

A) cellular perichondrium
B) fibrous perichondrium
C) type I collagen in its matrix
D) type II collagen in its matrix
E) type III collagen in its matrix