Question 1

A child's genetic disorder is thought to have arisen from a process called crossing over.The mother says,"I can't believe this happened.Is it because of something I did while I was pregnant?" How should the nurse respond?

A)"No,crossing over only happens in sperm."
B)"No,crossing over occurred before you got pregnant."
C)"Did you drink alcohol during your pregnancy?"
D)"Crossing over happens very late in embryonic development.It is random and is not caused by anything you did."

"No,crossing over occurred before you got pregnant."

Accepted Answer

Crossing over is a process that occurs during meiosis, the type of cell division that produces gametes (sperm and eggs) before fertilization. It is a natural and random event that happens when chromosomes exchange pieces, leading to genetic diversity. It is not influenced by the mother's actions during pregnancy.

Question 2

Which stage of the cell cycle would the nurse recognize as most critical to the development of genetic changes?&#10;A)G0&#10;B)G1&#10;C)S&#10;D)Interphase&#10;

Accepted Answer

The S stage of the cell cycle is most critical to the development of genetic changes because this is when DNA replication occurs. Errors in DNA replication can lead to mutations and genetic changes that can result in disease or other abnormalities.

Question 3

The mother of a child born with a genetic abnormality says,&#34;We read that our child's condition was caused by a polymorphism.Is that a mutation?&#34; How should the nurse respond?&#10;A)&#34;They are much the same except that mutations occur more frequently than polymorphisms.&#34;&#10;B)&#34;They are the same,but the word mutation has such a negative connotation that we use polymorphism instead.&#34;&#10;C)&#34;Polymorphisms are more common than mutations.&#34;&#10;D)&#34;They are the same,and authors use the words interchangeably.&#34;&#10;

Accepted Answer

Polymorphisms are variations in DNA that are present in at least 1% of the population while mutations are permanent changes that occur in DNA. Polymorphisms are considered benign and do not typically cause disease, while mutations can lead to genetic diseases. Polymorphisms are more common than mutations. It is important for the nurse to clarify this difference and provide accurate information to the parents.

Question 4

The nurse would describe which phase of mitosis as the one in which the chromosomes actually move into the new cells?&#10;A)Interphase&#10;B)Prophase&#10;C)Anaphase&#10;D)Telophase&#10;

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nurse would describe which phase of...

Question 5

The parents of a child born with a genetic disorder ask the nurse why the child's heart was affected instead of some other organ.How should the nurse respond?&#10;A)&#34;Not all the DNA code is active in all the cells of the body.The DNA changes were expressed in the cells of your child's heart,but not in other body cells.&#34;&#10;B)&#34;We don't know why that happens.&#34;&#10;C)&#34;The heart is an essential organ,so it is often affected most dramatically.&#34;&#10;D)&#34;Heart cells contain more DNA than other body cells.&#34;&#10;

Accepted Answer

This response explains how genetic changes may be expressed in some cells but not others, leading to a specific organ being affected.

Question 6

Which statements by a student would indicate to the nurse educator an understanding of genes and chromosomes?&#10;A)&#34;Genes are the basic unit of heredity.&#34;&#10;B)&#34;Genes are made up of many chromosomes.&#34;&#10;C)&#34;Genes create specific proteins.&#34;&#10;D)&#34;Normal heredity requires that genes be in a specific place on a chromosome.&#34;&#10;E)&#34;The sequences in which genes appear on the chromosome are random and not significant.&#34;&#10;

Accepted Answer

- A) Genes are indeed the basic units of heredity, carrying the instructions for traits passed from parent to offspring.- C) Genes code for specific proteins, which are crucial for the body's structure, function, and regulation of tissues and organs.- D) For normal heredity and function, genes must be located at specific positions on chromosomes, as their location can affect gene expression and function.

Question 7

The nurse educator,describing DNA transcription and translation,wants to discuss the steps in sequence.In which order should the topics be discussed?&#10;A)DNA to RNA to proteins&#10;B)RNA to proteins to DNA&#10;C)Proteins to DNA to RNA&#10;D)RNA to DNA to proteins&#10;

Accepted Answer

DNA transcription is the process of copying a DNA sequence into RNA, which is discussed first. Then RNA translation is the process of decoding RNA into a sequence of amino acids that form a protein, which is discussed second. The order is DNA to RNA to proteins.

Question 8

A child's genetic testing reveals an alteration in the locus of genes on one chromosome.How would the nurse explain this finding to the child's parents?&#10;A)&#34;Your child has too many chromosomes.&#34;&#10;B)&#34;The position of the genes on one chromosome has changed.&#34;&#10;C)&#34;An allele on one gene is not in the correct spot.&#34;&#10;D)&#34;The gene's mRNA was altered.&#34;&#10;

Accepted Answer

The nurse should explain to the parents that the genetic testing revealed an alteration in the locus of genes on one chromosome, meaning that the position of the genes on one chromosome has changed. This explanation is clear and accurate and helps the parents understand the specific issue that was detected. Option A is incorrect because it is not necessarily the case that the child has too many chromosomes, and this could cause unnecessary concern or confusion. Option C is incorrect because it refers to a specific type of genetic alteration that may not be relevant in this case. Option D is incorrect because mRNA alterations are not the same as alterations in the locus of genes on a chromosome.

Question 9

A client has been exposed to environmental teratogens at his workplace.This exposure has resulted in the development of sperm with 21 chromosomes.The nurse would predict which outcome for the zygote that would be produced if this sperm fertilizes a normal egg?

A)The zygote will develop normally.
B)The zygote will develop into a fetus with a minor genetic disorder,depending on which chromosomes are affected.
C)The zygote will develop into a fetus with profound genetic disorders.
D)The zygote will likely die.

Accepted Answer

A sperm with 21 chromosomes fertilizing a normal egg (which has 23 chromosomes) would result in a zygote with 44 chromosomes, which is not viable for normal development, leading to the likely death of the zygote.

Question 10

How would the nurse explain the physiological significance of translation as it applies to genetics?&#10;A)&#34;Translation is the duplication of DNA.&#34;&#10;B)&#34;Translation is the formation of protein.&#34;&#10;C)&#34;Translation occurs before transcription in the development of gametes.&#34;&#10;D)&#34;RNA makes DNA in a process called translation.&#34;&#10;

Accepted Answer

Translation is the process by which the sequence of mRNA is decoded to form amino acids, which then create proteins. This is significant because proteins are essential for countless cellular functions and make up a large portion of the body's structure, including muscles and organs. Therefore, the process of translation is key to the expression of genetic information and the proper functioning of the body.

Question 11

The nurse is discussing medications that affect cells only at specific times in the cell cycle.What information should the nurse include?&#10;A)&#34;Cells cycle very quickly,so it is important to keep the client's blood level of medications stable.&#34;&#10;B)&#34;The length of the cell cycle varies among different types of body cells.&#34;&#10;C)&#34;The length of the cell cycle is typically at least two hours,so this medication has the opportunity to work for a long period.&#34;&#10;D)&#34;All the cells in a tissue have synchronized cell cycles.&#34;&#10;

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nurse is discussing medications that affect...

Question 12

How would the nurse describe the processes that occur during cell mitosis?&#10;A)&#34;The parent cell divides.&#34;&#10;B)&#34;The end point of mitosis is the formation of four daughter cells known as gametes.&#34;&#10;C)&#34;When mitosis is over,two daughter cells will exist.&#34;&#10;D)&#34;Mitosis will result in cells that have 23 chromosomes.&#34;&#10;E)&#34;Mitosis comprises the entire cell cycle.&#34;&#10;

Accepted Answer

The answer of How would the nurse describe the processes...

Question 13

The nurse would report that which findings of the Human Genome Project were surprising?&#10;A)The human genome has hundreds of thousands of genes.&#10;B)There are fewer genes in the human genome than scientists thought at the beginning of the project.&#10;C)The genes are arranged on 48 chromosomes.&#10;D)There are only 20,000 to 25,000 genes in the human genome.&#10;E)There are only about 1,500 basic genes in the genome;the rest are duplications.&#10;

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nurse would report that which findings...

Deck 4: Genes Chromosomes; Meiosis and Mitosis