Deck 3: How Drugs Work in the Body and on the Mind

Question 1

The elimination half-life of a drug will be faster if the drug is fat-soluble than if it is not.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Elimination of drugs can be done via sweat and saliva.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Regardless of which route of administration is used,the goal is for the drug to be absorbed into the bloodstream.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Inhalation of smoked drugs such as crack does not present the same hazards to the respiratory system as do tobacco-based cigarettes.

Question 5

Paint thinners,gasoline,and cleaning fluid are examples of abused products that are typically administered by absorption through the skin or membranes.

Question 6

An overdose from an orally administered drug is easier to handle on an emergency basis than an overdose of a drug administered through an intravenous injection.

Question 7

High-alkaline drugs (i.e. ,cocaine,morphine)are absorbed better in the stomach than weakly acidic drugs (i.e. ,aspirin).

Question 8

The smaller the quantity of the drug,the faster the body tries to get rid of it.

Question 9

Intramuscular injections are often referred to as skin-popping.

Question 10

The half-life of cocaine is only a few hours.

Question 11

Mild electric currents can be used to help absorb drugs through the skin or membranes.

Question 12

Older people eliminate drugs at a slower pace than younger people do.

Question 13

"First-pass metabolism" is an important function of the esophagus.

Question 14

The half-life of nicotine is a few days.

Question 15

The iintravenous injection is the fastest type of injection to deliver a drug into the bloodstream.

Question 16

Orally administered drugs are ingested at higher than needed doses because some of the drug will not make it through the bloodstream.

Question 17

The imajor disadvantage of drug inhalation is that the linings leading from the throat to the lungs become irritated over time.

Question 18

Tetanus shots,flu shots,and most inoculations are administered by intramuscular injections.

Question 19

The ipsychoactive effects of intravenous injections are faster than those of inhalation.

Question 20

Fat-soluble drugs are eliminated faster than water-soluble drugs.

Question 21

The length of the latency period is related to the absorption time of the drug.

Question 22

Cross-dependence can be useful when trying to avoid the withdrawal symptoms of an unavailable drug.

Question 23

Dangerous interactions can occur from food-drug combinations.

Question 24

It is possible to develop a tolerance to a drug you have never taken before.

Question 25

According to the text,African Americans smoke fewer cigarettes per day than whites because African Americans may be retaining more nicotine per cigarette than whites.

Question 26

Potentiation is an example of a nonadditive drug combination effect.

Question 27

All drugs have similar elimination half-lives.

Question 28

Individual differences such as weight and gender can affect how one person reacts to a drug compared to another.

Question 29

The sympathetic and parasympathetic systems together form the peripheral nervous system.

Question 30

If we can relieve the withdrawal symptoms of one drug by administering another,than the two drugs show cross-tolerance.

Question 31

The central nervous system consists of the brain and the spinal cord.

Question 32

The danger of potentiation is that since the drug seems to have no effect,the combined effect may be so powerful that it can become lethal.

Question 33

The nervous system is made up of two parts known as the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system.

Question 34

If Drug A has an effect of 3 and Drug B has an effect of 6,a purely additive combination effect would be equivalent to 18.

Question 35

A man and a woman each weigh pounds.If they both take the same dose of a drug,the same effects can be expected.

Question 36

Breathing is to somatic as lifting your arm is to autonomic.

Question 37

Administering the drug in a time-release form helps eliminate the undesirable side effects of excessive concentrations of a drug in the blood.

Question 38

Tow examples of hyperadditive combinations are synergism and potentiation.

Question 39

An increased heart rate and a decreased rate of digestion are two signs of sympathetic activation.

Question 40

An example of an antagonistic effect would be if Drug A had an effect of 5 and Drug B had an effect of 3,but the combination of the two drugs together resulted in an effect of 15.

Question 41

Damage to the prefrontal cortex may be associated with loss of personal control with respect to the abuse of alcohol and other drugs.

Question 42

All neurons generate nerve impulses on a continual basis.

Question 43

The limbic system and hypothalamus are two structures of the brain that "overhang" the cerebral cortex.

Question 44

The receptor to which a neurotransmitter binds determines whether that neurotransmitter has an excitatory or inhibitory effect.

Question 45

Sensory nerves enter the CNS at the level of the brain but not the spinal cord.

Question 46

There are certain types of neurons that do not contain a cell body or soma.

Question 47

Brain tissue is classified in sections: the hindbrain,the midbrain,and the forebrain.

Question 48

The most recently evolved region of the human brain is the prefrontal cortex.

Question 49

Dendrites are to transmitting information as axon is to receiving information.

Question 50

The processing of pain information occurs in the hindbrain.

Question 51

Most theories about the physiological basis for psychological dependence focus on the limbic system.

Question 52

Acetylcholine is involved with the sympathetic autonomic nervous system,while norepinephrine is involved with the parasympathetic autonomic system.

Question 53

The processing of reflex responses does not involve the brain at all.

Question 54

The risk of asphyxiation from a certain dosage level of a drug most likely means that the drug is capable of stimulating the cerebral cortex.

Question 55

There are approximately 100 billion neurons in the brain.

Question 56

Reuptake is the process whereby a neurotransmitter returns from the receptor site back to the synaptic knob.

Question 57

Communication between neurons is accomplished through the actions of chemical substances called neurotransmitters.

Question 58

The three categories of brain tissue are the medulla,the hypothalamus,and the cerebellum.

Question 59

The part of the brain that determines when we sleep and when we wake up is located in the pons.

Question 60

Psychoactive drugs can produce bodily effects that are oriented toward parasympathetic rather than sympathetic activation.

Question 61

When multiple drugs activate the same type of receptor sites,the effects of each drug on the brain are equivalent.

Question 62

GABA deficiencies are associated with a decreased tendency toward epileptic seizures.

Question 63

Metabolic tolerance occurs when receptors become less sensitive due to being stimulated repeatedly by a drug over time.

Question 64

The neurotransmitter responsible for regulating our mood states is acetylcholine.

Question 65

A major drug for the treatment of Parkinson's disease has been L-dopa.

Question 66

The rewarding effects of certain psychoactive drugs are related to their effects upon the nucleus accumbens in the brain.

Question 67

Tolerance that is a result of changes in the drug's chemical breakdown in the liver is referred to as cellular (pharmacodynamic)tolerance.

Question 68

Barbiturates and caffeine easily pass through the blood-brain barrier.

Question 69

Involvement with the nucleus accumbens has been linked to compulsive violence.

Question 70

The key factor which determines whether a drug passes through the blood-brain barrier is water solubility.

Question 71

Involvement with the nucleus accumbens has been linked to compulsive gambling

Question 72

Drugs that relieve mania and depression act upon serotonin-releasing neurons.

Question 73

Set is defined as the immediate environment within which drug-taking behavior occurs.

Question 74

The blood-brain barrier cannot be crossed by a drug that is fat soluble.

Question 75

Placebo is derived from the Latin,"I refuse to comply."

Question 76

Norepinephrine is to the hypothalamus as serotonin is to the pons.

Question 77

Alzheimer's disease has been linked to deficiencies in nicotinic receptors.

Question 78

Antianxiety medications stimulate GABA-releasing neurons,providing a reduction in feelings of stress and fear.

Question 79

Set and setting are two important factors in predicting an individual's response to a particular drug.

Question 80

Dopamine is more fat-soluble than L-dopa.