Deck 1: Drugs and Behavior Today

Question 1

Drugs that are illegal are referred to as licit drugs.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Willow bark is the source of present-day marijuana.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

For a drug to have a recreational use,the user must take the drug for the purposes of acquiring the effect of the drug itself.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

The Egyptian scroll referred to as the Ebers Papyrus was eventually proved to be a hoax.

Question 5

Instrumental use is the primary motivation for drug abuse.

Question 6

Anti-drug campaigns in the media are created to discourage young people from becoming involved with drugs in general.

Question 7

Psychoactive drugs do not modify brain functioning once drug-taking behavior stops.

Question 8

A flavonoid called naringenin,found in grapefruit,has a specific inhibitory effect on the secretion of hepatitis C virus from infected liver cells.

Question 9

Alcohol has been an illicit drug since 1965.

Question 10

Ecstasy has been a licit drug since 2001.

Question 11

The legality of psychoactive drugs may depend on cultural and historical circumstances.

Question 12

The senna plant has been successfully used for the treatment of constipation.

Question 13

The elderly are highly vulnerable to drug misuse.

Question 14

Shaman is a name for a healer in a primitive society.

Question 15

The active ingredient in turmeric,called curcumin,has a specific inhibitory effect on the secretion of hepatitis C virus from infected liver cells.

Question 16

Drug abuse can involve either licit or illicit substances.

Question 17

Some substances that can be harmful to the user are legal.

Question 18

Drug misuse typically applies to the inappropriate use of prescription or nonprescription drugs.

Question 19

Only legal drugs have instrumental uses.

Question 20

Since 1970,the U.S.government's position on marijuana is that it has high potential for abuse and no accepted medical use.

Question 21

Laudanum is a liquid form of nicotine used in the nineteenth century.

Question 22

In 2009,37 percent of high school seniors reported use of an illicit drug during the past year.

Question 23

Crack,a form of smokable cocaine,appeared on the scene in the mid-1980s.

Question 24

In the nineteenth century,it was common for infants and children in the United States and England to take opium.

Question 25

Patent medicines refer to products that have been patented and distributed by pharmaceutical companies following a lengthy process of FDA approval.

Question 26

The University of Michigan surveys have revealed that current levels of drug use among high school seniors are substantially higher than drug-use levels in the 1970s.

Question 27

Until 1903,the formula for Coca-Cola contained opium.

Question 28

The degree of social acceptance of opium in the nineteenth century was dependent on the manner in which opium was ingested.

Question 29

Patient records indicate that the Ebers Papyrus had a surprisingly high success rate for healing patients.

Question 30

“To have a good time with my friends" is a frequent answer of high-school seniors when asked why they take drugs.

Question 31

The University of Michigan drug-use surveys make use of the responses of all high-school seniors in the United States.

Question 32

Chlorpromazine (brand name: Thorazine)is considered to be one of the original drugs for the treatment of schizophrenia.

Question 33

Non-college-bound seniors are about three times more likely than college-bound seniors to smoke at least a half pack of cigarettes per day.

Question 34

Freud believed that an effective treatment for morphine addiction was the use of cocaine.

Question 35

In the 1990s,the University of Michigan surveys showed that high school seniors showed a decreasing trend in viewing regular drug use as dangerous.

Question 36

The National Survey on Drug Use and Health examines the prevalence rates of illicit drug use among Americans in several age groups across the life span.

Question 37

Neuroscience,a new branch of biological science,came into being in the early 1940s during World War II.

Question 38

One of the best known surveys that examines drug-taking patterns of young people annually since has been conducted by the University of Minnesota.

Question 39

Efforts to reduce underage drinking by enforcing restrictions of alcohol sales to minors have met with only partial success.

Question 40

The era of Prohibition in the United States began when the 18th Amendment to the U.S.Constitution took effect in 1920.

Question 41

Understanding individuals' risk factors and protective factors gives us some idea of which individuals are likely to use drugs and which are not.

Question 42

Club drugs include both stimulant drugs such as methamphetamine and hallucinogenic drugs such as LSD.

Question 43

A member of a socially deviant subculture is quite often an accomplished student in school.

Question 44

According to the text,drugs such as alcohol and nicotine are referred to as __________.

A)illegal drugs
B)licit drugs
C)illicit drugs
D)over-the-counter drugs

Question 45

Ketamine is not considered a "club drug."

Question 46

Protective factors are the negation (or the inverted image)of risk factors.

Question 47

Which of the following is an illicit drug in the United States?

A)alcohol
B)nicotine
C)caffeine
D)LSD

Question 48

An over-the-counter (OTC)cold remedy taken for a cold would be classified as a(n)__________.

A)licit drug for instrumental use
B)illicit drug for instrumental use
C)licit drug for recreational use
D)illicit drug for recreational use

Question 49

The potential for drug abuse in general presents a greater challenge for __________.

A)men than for women
B)African Americans than for Latinos
C)young people than for the elderly
D)none of the above

Question 50

Nonmedical use of Adderall is of special interest because of its potential for dependence and abuse.

Question 51

The presence of protective factors can provide the basis for resilience toward drug use among high-risk adolescents.

Question 52

Low educational aspirations usually represent a risk factor for drug use.

Question 53

Cocaine,heroin,and creatine are examples of "club drugs."

Question 54

Since 1970,marijuana has been officially classified in the United States as a controlled substance in the same category as __________.

A)barbiturates
B)heroin
C)cocaine
D)anti-anxiety medication (tranquilizers)

Question 55

Dextromethorphan (DXM)is a cough suppressant found in many over-the-counter cough and cold medications.

Question 56

Analogy: Illicit drugs are to cocaine as licit drugs are to __________.

A)crack
B)heroin
C)alcohol
D)ecstasy

Question 57

By the definition used in the textbook,a chemical substance would be considered a drug if __________.

A)it intoxicated the user
B)it had an impact on brain functioning
C)it served as a nutrient
D)both A and B

Question 58

Which statement is true?

A)All psychoactive drugs produce dependence.
B)Some psychoactive drugs produce dependence.
C)Only illicit psychoactive drugs produce dependence.
D)All dependence-producing drugs are illicit.

Question 59

Which of the following is NOT an illicit drug in the United States?

A)cocaine
B)heroin
C)nicotine
D)ketamine

Question 60

Signs of drug dependence include __________.

A)intense cravings for the drug
B)need for increasingly greater quantities of the drug to get the same desired effect
C)becoming preoccupied with drug-taking behavior
D)all of the above

Question 61

Patent medicines in the nineteenth century contained __________.

A)opium,heroin,and nicotine
B)opium,cocaine,and heroin
C)alcohol,cocaine,and nicotine
D)opium,cocaine,and alcohol

Question 62

The Ebers Papyrus contained __________.

A)the secrets to the location of medicinal herbs hidden in royal tombs
B)totally useless remedies for common diseases
C)recipes for preparations used in medical treatment
D)ancient Babylonian writings that were later found to be a hoax

Question 63

Analogy: Placebo effect is to a genuine effect as __________.

A)ancient is to modern
B)physiological is to psychological
C)shamans are to priests
D)psychological is to physiological

Question 64

The toads that were often included in "witch's brew" recipes __________.

A)were quite poisonous
B)produced hallucinatory and blood-pressure elevating effects
C)were effective only by virtue of a placebo effect
D)had no effect whatsoever

Question 65

Which of the following plants has (have)been sources of hallucinogenic effects?

A)morning glories
B)yellow-orange fruits on cacti
C)certain types of mushrooms
D)all of the above

Question 66

Instances in which a prescription or nonprescription drug is used in an inappropriate way are regarded as __________.

A)illicit drug-taking behavior
B)extremely rare
C)drug misuse
D)drug abuse

Question 67

Viking warriors known as berserkers displayed wild behavior due to ingestion of which psychoactive drug?

A)DMT
B)Amanita muscaria,also known as fly agaric
C)Bupromorphine
D)Berserkium

Question 68

Analogy: Edward Jenner is to Louis Pasteur as __________.

A)smallpox is to rabies
B)bromides are to chloral hydrate
C)a placebo effect is to a vaccine
D)morphine is to opium

Question 69

Alcohol and nicotine generally belong to a category of __________.

A)licit drugs for instrumental use
B)licit drugs for recreational use
C)illicit drugs for recreational use
D)illicit drugs for instrumental use

Question 70

A shaman is __________.

A)a primitive healer
B)an "extinct" cultural phenomenon
C)an individual who relies upon elaborate rituals
D)often appointed at random from among young females in a tribe

Question 71

Cathy needs to stay awake to study for her psychology midterm,so she decides to take an amphetamine to keep from falling asleep.In this case,the drug had a(n)_____ use.

A)recreational
B)instrumental
C)pre-instrumental
D)pre-creational

Question 72

Which statement is NOT true?

A)Shamans still exist in some areas of the world.
B)The decline of shamanism was due to the development of centralized religions in Egyptian and Babylonian societies.
C)Shamanism was eventually replaced by a more extreme form in certain parts of the world before it died out completely.
D)Modern shamanic healing utilizes hallucination-producing plants.

Question 73

Dr. Smith recommends drinking four ounces of an alcoholic beverage per day to his patient.The use of alcohol in this case is best described as __________.

A)illicit
B)instrumental
C)recreational
D)forensic

Question 74

Analogy: Licit recreational drug use is to smoking a cigarette as illicit recreational drug use is to __________.

A)smoking marijuana
B)drinking a caffeinated beverage
C)injecting heroin
D)both A and C

Question 75

Instances of drug abuse involve __________.

A)illicit drugs only
B)licit drugs only
C)instrumental use of drugs
D)licit or illicit drugs

Question 76

________ is the primary active ingredient in opium.

A)Cocaine
B)Morphine
C)Nicotine
D)Heroin

Question 77

Analogy: Willow bark is to senna as __________.

A)aspirin is to laxative
B)hallucinogenic is to non-hallucinogenic
C)poisonous is to non-poisonous
D)constipation is to headache

Question 78

Which of the following is an example of drug misuse?

A)taking a sleeping pill while drinking beer
B)taking your mother's prescription pain medication for a toothache
C)taking aspirin after its expiration date
D)all of the above

Question 79

Patent medicines in the 1800s were purchased through __________.

A)peddlers
B)general stores
C)mail-order advertisements
D)all of the above

Question 80

A particularly dangerous situation can result when medications are combined with __________.

A)caffeine
B)alcohol
C)nicotine
D)excessive water