Deck 7: International Organization, Law, and Human Rights

Question 1

One purpose of the UN Secretariat is to __________.

A)administer UN policy and programs
B)serve as theoretical experts and military advisers on various programs and projects
C)represent their respective member states at the UN
D)develop national civil servants whose loyalties are at the state level

Answer 1

A

Question 2

What is one way in which the power of the UN Security Council is limited?

A)Its decisions depend entirely on the interests of its member states.
B)The UN General Assembly can override its decisions.
C)Member states adhere to Security Council resolutions.
D)Eight of the ten nonpermanent members can override a permanent member's veto.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

International norms are __________.

A)effective because they become irregular over time
B)most effective when different states hold different expectations of what is normal
C)frequently ineffective in shaping state behavior
D)sometimes institutionalized through intergovernmental organizations

Answer 3

D

Question 4

What can the permanent members of the UN Security Council do that nonpermanent members cannot?

A)abstain on resolutions
B)veto resolutions
C)request a meeting of the Security Council
D)set the agenda of the Security Council

Question 5

A current example of a regional IGO is the __________.

A)Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries
B)Association of South East Asian Nations
C)International Monetary Fund
D)United Nations

Question 6

According to the UN Charter,states __________.

A)are not inherently equal under international law
B)have full sovereignty over their own affairs
C)may have full independence and territorial integrity
D)should take disputes to the International Court of Justice

Question 7

As of 2015,which region of the world has hosted the most UN peacekeeping missions?

A)South Asia
B)Latin America
C)Middle East
D)Africa

Question 8

The UN's peacekeeping forces are __________.

A)a standing army ready to be deployed at a moment's notice
B)assembled by the Secretary General each time a mission is deemed necessary
C)mostly led by one of the five permanent members of the Security Council
D)funded out of the general UN budget

Question 9

Which function belongs to the UN General Assembly?

A)controlling embassies
B)passing binding resolutions
C)electing members of certain UN agencies
D)coordinating NATO programs and agencies

Question 10

Autonomous agencies affiliated with the UN,but not under its control,include the __________.

A)World Health Organization and the UN Educational,Scientific,and Cultural Organization
B)World Intellectual Property Organization and the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Refugees
C)World Meteorological Association and the UN Children's Fund
D)International Civil Aviation Organization and the UN Environment Program

Question 11

The UN peacekeeping mission in __________ took over actual control of the government after a long civil war until elections could be held to choose a new government.

A)Cambodia
B)Bosnia
C)Rwanda
D)Haiti

Question 12

How frequently do the nonpermanent members of the Security Council rotate?

A)once every two years
B)once a year
C)once a decade
D)once every five years

Question 13

Which country is a permanent member of the UN Security Council?

A)India
B)France
C)Japan
D)Germany

Question 14

The IGOs that have been more successful are ones that are __________ in scope with a _________ purpose.

A)regional,general
B)regional,specific
C)continental,general
D)global,specific

Question 15

In an effort to provide longer-term support to countries after peacekeeping missions end,the United Nations has __________.

A)asked NATO,European Union,or African Union troops to replace UN peacekeepers
B)installed the UN Standby High Readiness Brigade to maintain order and stability
C)worked with the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank to provide funding to the countries
D)created a Peacebuilding Commission to coordinate reconstruction,institution-building,and economic recovery

Question 16

National leaders can expect certain behaviors from their international counterparts.These behaviors are known as __________.

A)international covenants
B)international norms
C)international standards
D)global expectations

Question 17

NGOs include organizations such as __________.

A)Greenpeace and the International Olympic Committee
B)Amnesty International and the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries
C)the International Red Cross and the European Union
D)the International Political Science Association and the United Nations

Question 18

Which statement can explain why regional and specific IGOs have been the most successful in international relations compared with other types of IGOs?

A)Power is less concentrated.
B)States are likely less invested in the IGO.
C)Interests are likely to overlap more.
D)There are fewer problems to deal with.

Question 19

The UN Standby High Readiness Brigade __________.

A)is controlled by the General Assembly
B)is headquartered in Denmark
C)is available for deployment to conflict areas in two to three months
D)has not yet been used in an area of conflict

Question 20

All UN members are represented in which institution?

A)Security Council
B)Economic and Social Council
C)Secretariat
D)General Assembly

Question 21

With respect to UN peacekeeping,__________.

A)soldiers are typically armed with artillery and tanks
B)soldiers are typically sent to a country only when a cease-fire has been arranged
C)soldiers are under the joint command of generals from each of the countries represented on the peacekeeping force
D)member states have accepted a proposal to upgrade forces to take on a peacemaking role

Question 22

The UN Security Council's decisions depend entirely on the interests of its member states,and although Security Council resolutions in theory bind all UN members,member states in practice often try to evade or soften their effect.These characteristics of the Council are both examples of its __________.

A)plenary sessions
B)expansive influence
C)disregard for nations' sovereignty
D)limited power

Question 23

International law depends on __________,collective action,and international norms for enforcement.

A)reciprocity
B)organizations
C)diplomatic accreditation
D)courts

Question 24

International customs are __________.

A)limited in their overall import on the international stage
B)often a failure in peacekeeping
C)a source of international law
D)analogous to international constitutions

Question 25

UN involvement in the Darfur region of Sudan and the Democratic Congo in 2015 were the UN's two biggest __________ that year.

A)plenary sessions
B)peace tribunals
C)rebel movements
D)peacekeeping missions

Question 26

With respect to changes in the structure of the UN Security Council,__________.

A)Japan and Australia would like to be permanent members because they contribute a great deal of money to the UN and have a stake in a stable security climate
B)Brazil developed a plan that would give permanent seats with veto power to at least six additional countries
C)any expansion of permanent seats might include India,with 20 percent of the world's population,and a predominantly Islamic country
D)Britain and Turkey would be reluctant to give up their individual seats for one "European" seat

Question 27

In 1971,in place of the nationalists in Taiwan,the delegation of the People's Republic of China was given China's seat in the UN.This is an example of the UN General Assembly's power to __________.

A)administer Security Council policy and programs
B)provide counsel on economic and social issues
C)accredit national delegations as members of UN tribunals
D)accredit national delegations as members of the UN

Question 28

Most states voluntarily observe international law most of the time because __________.

A)compliance with international law requires no sacrifice of a state's self-interest or autonomy
B)states' interests are served by the maintenance of an orderly and predictable international environment
C)the permanent members of the Security Council successfully enforce international law
D)international law simultaneously protects the weak against the strong and provides the rich with legally sanctioned procedures for exploiting the poor

Question 29

In 2011,a no-fly zone was authorized in Libya.This type of action can be considered an example of which principle?

A)reciprocity
B)collective security
C)peace enforcement
D)executive board power

Question 30

If the United States were to ask Great Britain to arrest a suspect on British territory and hand him or her over for trial,it would be known as __________.

A)jurisdiction
B)arbitration
C)extradition
D)extraterritorial seizure

Question 31

When many colonies in Africa and Asia gained independence in the 1950s and 1960s and joined the United Nations,what was the impact on voting?

A)The large numbers of new members meant that the United States found itself in the minority on many issues in the General Assembly.
B)Voting in the General Assembly shifted to one state,one vote,regardless of size.
C)The Soviet Union used its veto in the Security Council more often to counterbalance the new members.
D)The People's Republic of China took control of the Chinese vote in the UN.

Question 32

Peace operations of the United Nations include __________.

A)war regulation
B)use of force to protect shipping
C)supervision of elections
D)intervening in ethnic conflicts to create a cease-fire

Question 33

What is the great weakness of the World Court?

A)It only has 15 judges to hear all the cases that come before it.
B)It cannot force states to abide by its decisions.
C)Parties to a case may not have one of their nationals as a judge.
D)The Court cannot hear a case if one side is not participating.

Question 34

The functions of the United Nations include __________.

A)providing a forum in which tribes can settle disputes without the use of force
B)promoting oceanic and forestry development in the global South
C)coordinating information and planning by international agencies and programs
D)coercing states into abiding by international law

Question 35

Which statement explains an advantage to having international cases heard in a national court?

A)Judgments are sometimes enforceable.
B)Individuals can pursue legal complaints through national courts.
C)There is a lack of choice regarding in which state the case can be heard.
D)The authority of national courts can extend beyond the state's borders.

Question 36

What is the impact of state sovereignty on the United Nations?

A)It creates a need for the UN because it provides services that no single state would.
B)It allows the UN to use armed force for humanitarian purposes.
C)It enhances the power of the UN because states rely on it.
D)It creates an opportunity for the UN to use dominance when dealing with states.

Question 37

Reprisals are actions that would have been __________ under international law,but which may be __________ if taken in response to the __________ actions of another state.

A)illegal,illegal,illegal
B)legal,illegal,illegal
C)illegal,legal,illegal
D)legal,legal,illegal

Question 38

Kosovo's unilateral declaration of independence from Serbia was upheld in 2010 by __________.

A)the European Union
B)the Security Council
C)the World Court
D)every member of the UN

Question 39

Only states can be parties to cases before the __________.

A)World Court
B)ad hoc committee
C)just-war tribunal
D)Secretariat

Question 40

Why is the United States a favorite jurisdiction within which to bring cases?

A)It is considered the most just system in the world.
B)It is the most effective system in the world.
C)It tends to award the largest settlements.
D)It insists on having cases brought in the United States.

Question 41

The three sources from which the concept of human rights arises are religion,political and legal philosophy,and evolution.

Question 42

Which of the following undermines the laws of warfare?

A)increase in the issuance of declarations of war by participants
B)doctrine of just war
C)convening of war crimes tribunals
D)increase in nonconventional warfare

Question 43

Despite tens of thousands of civilians being killed by their government in 2011-2016,the Syrian people were not defended by other governments.Had they been,as Libyans were in 2011,it would have been an example of __________.

A)the responsibility to protect
B)immunity
C)amnesty
D)negative rights

Question 44

Created during the Nuremburg trials after World War II,__________ were conceived as inhumane acts and persecutions against civilians on a vast scale in the pursuit of unjust ends.

A)crimes against liberty
B)civil rights violations
C)crimes against humanity
D)militia-led violations

Question 45

The principle of free passage on the open seas was established __________.

A)to make long-distance trade less dangerous and more profitable
B)to benefit all states in the international system
C)in the nineteenth century
D)by the UN Conference on the Law of the Sea

Question 46

In 1997,diplomats from Georgia and Zaire were prosecuted by the United States and France,respectively,when those diplomats killed children by driving recklessly.These are examples of exceptions to __________.

A)diplomatic immunity
B)national representation
C)accreditation
D)bureaucratic freedom

Question 47

Philosophers such as Kant put forward the argument that it was natural for autonomous individuals (or states)to cooperate for mutual benefit.

Question 48

The European Union is a global IGO.

Question 49

Chapter 7 of the UN Charter was used only once during the Cold War.

Question 50

UN Secretaries General often come from the great powers.

Question 51

An early example of the granting of authority for UN peacekeeping forces was the Suez crisis in 1956.

Question 52

Diplomats,once accredited,enjoy special rights and protections in host countries.

Question 53

Permanent observer missions are sometimes sent to the UN by political entities that fall short of state status.

Question 54

How is the idea of universal human rights distinguished from relativism?

A)Universal human rights have their roots in non-Western societies,whereas relativism argues that human rights are Western in origin.
B)Universal human rights are civil-political rights,whereas relativism focuses on economic-social rights.
C)Universal human rights are the same for all people regardless of nationality or ethnicity,whereas relativism emphasizes due respect for local traditions and histories.
D)Universal human rights are based on religion,whereas relativism bases human rights on political and legal philosophy.

Question 55

The just-war doctrine __________.

A)allows the repelling of an attack and punishment of the aggressor
B)is based on the principle of nonviolence
C)allows only the victim of aggression to respond
D)applies only to actual aggression,not to threatened aggression

Question 56

The principle that diplomats are beyond the jurisdiction of the host country's national courts is known as diplomatic __________.

A)recognition
B)immunity
C)accreditation
D)freedom

Question 57

One source of international law,historical scholarship,is recognized by the World Court as subsidiary to the other sources.

Question 58

Under the laws of war,soldiers have the right to surrender,abandoning their role as combatants and becoming prisoners of war.

Question 59

A just war can __________.

A)be waged to change another state's government,if it is violating human rights
B)be waged for ethnic or religious reasons
C)be waged only in response to aggression
D)involve the use of nuclear weapons

Question 60

According to the laws of war,__________.

A)effort needs to be made to expand warfare to the combatants and to expose civilians when possible
B)leaders of government may not be killed,mistreated,or forced to disclose information beyond their name,rank,and serial number
C)armed forces must respect the neutrality of the Red Cross in its support of civilians and prisoners of war during war
D)states are allowed to use overwhelming force if it ends the conflicts early and prevents further casualties

Question 61

UN peacekeeping soldiers are commonly known as __________.

Question 62

Banning dehumanizing,degrading,and inhumane treatment of individuals even in times of war,the __________ was instituted in 1987.

Question 63

The __________ of its membership is a major strength of the UN structure.

Question 64

The invasion of Kuwait by Iraq went against international __________ and was illegal.

Question 65

The __________ treaty is one from which the United States withdrew legally in 2001.

Question 66

An autonomous agency and leading advocate in the global battle against AIDS is the __________.

Question 67

A(n)__________ is a package sent between an embassy and its home country.

Question 68

The __________ of the UN comes together every few years for special sessions on general topics such as economic cooperation.

Question 69

In a 2010 example of a(n)__________ case,Uruguay won in a dispute between that nation and Argentina.

Question 70

Within a nation's embassy,a host country's laws may not be enforced without the __________ of the embassy's country.