Deck 12: The North-South Gap

Question 1

As of 2014,$600 billion,triple that of a decade before,was sent by migrants to relatives in their country of origin,which is an example of __________.

A)remittance
B)restriction
C)trafficking
D)deferral

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Recurrent epidemics and widespread diarrhea,which kill millions of children each year,are often the result of __________.

A)inadequate food supplies
B)infection with hepatitis
C)river blindness disease
D)inadequate sanitation facilities

Answer 2

D

Question 3

In the global South,how does women's access to adequate education and favorable loan rates compare to that of men?

A)Access to those benefits is gender-neutral.
B)Men have greater access to those benefits than women.
C)Women have greater access to those benefits than men.
D)Younger women have the same level of access as most men.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

In 1996,world leaders adopted a goal to cut hunger in half by 2015,and the world __________.

A)did not do much to achieve this goal
B)tried to achieve this goal,but the efforts were not successful to a large extent
C)came close to achieving this goal but did not quite make it
D)was able to achieve this goal successfully

Question 5

In the 2010 Pakistan flood,nearly __________ million acres of crops were destroyed.

A)0)2
B)2
C)20
D)200

Question 6

Which of the following is a possible explanation for the dramatic increase in global remittance flows?

A)Globalization is making it easier for people to live and work in different countries.
B)The cost of living has been increasingly on the rise in nations where most migrants are found.
C)As migrants assimilate they simply keep more of the money they make.
D)Global poverty is decreasing greatly.

Question 7

International law and norms __________.

A)obligate states to accept refugees who arrive at their borders
B)do not distinguish between refugees and migrants
C)emphasize migrants' economic impact on a state rather than their international security implications
D)provide guidance to receiving states as to how to distinguish political motives from economic motives

Question 8

With respect to poverty in the global South,which statement is true?

A)Starvation kills more people than malnutrition does.
B)People die from starvation and malnutrition because there is not enough food produced in the world to feed them.
C)About 1 billion people live in abject poverty.
D)Starvation triggered by war or drought affects more people than chronic poverty does.

Question 9

Urbanization is caused by people moving __________.

A)from one country to another
B)from the city to the countryside
C)from city to city
D)from the countryside to the city

Question 10

What group of refugees,displaced in the 1948 and 1967 Arab-Israeli wars,remains one of the most politicized groups in the world?

A)Georgians
B)Egyptians
C)Armenians
D)Palestinians

Question 11

Remittances from nations such as the United States provide opportunities for family members back home,improving their quality of life,and __________.

A)allow illegal immigrants to earn citizenship
B)help stabilize home countries economically
C)increase the security of the United States
D)help destabilize home countries politically

Question 12

In which region of the global South are women's literacy rates closer to those of men?

A)Latin America
B)Middle East
C)East Asia
D)Africa

Question 13

Right-wing nationalism has surfaced in __________,where regulations for asylum seekers have been lax and the number of immigrants has been increasing.

A)Turkey
B)Belgium
C)Russia
D)Germany

Question 14

With respect to migrants and refugees,__________.

A)migrants flee their country to escape war,natural disaster,or political persecution
B)refugees move to a new country in search of better economic opportunities
C)states are obligated to let migrants leave for another country
D)refugees may be granted asylum,which allows them to stay in the new state

Question 15

Women taking part in the Integrated Holistic Approach Urban Development Project have helped to subsidize health and sanitation services in slums by __________.

A)working closely with the government to bring in extra funding
B)working with the government to lower tax rates on firms providing these services
C)organizing income-producing businesses and using the profits to enhance these services
D)allowing for greater efficiency in these services by reducing operating costs

Question 16

In 2000,the UN adopted the Millennium Development Goals.What does the UN hope to achieve with this project?

A)to cut the proportion of the world's population living in extreme poverty by half
B)to promote infrastructure growth in the world's poorer regions by 5 percent every year
C)to fund advances in agriculture for use by farmers in the developing world
D)to provide microloans to small businesses in the developing world in order to spur job growth and overall economic development

Question 17

UNESCO defines literacy as the ability to read and write __________.

A)a simple sentence
B)three paragraphs
C)at the third-grade level
D)at the sixth-grade level

Question 18

What is the relationship between warfare and basic needs?

A)Being at war produces economic wealth for a country's military industries,raising the ability of all citizens to meet their basic needs.
B)Being at war allows a country to acquire resources to meet basic needs through conquest.
C)Being poor,with unmet basic needs,makes a society more war-prone.
D)Being poor,with unmet basic needs,makes a society less war-prone.

Question 19

In 2010,floods destroyed nearly 2 million acres of crops in Pakistan.This is an example of __________.

A)natural disasters exacerbating already dwindling interest in subsistence farming
B)a subsidiary effect of over-farming
C)derelict drainage infrastructure
D)natural disasters exacerbating food shortages

Question 20

In recent years,states in which region have elected leftist presidents committed to changing course away from free-market capitalism and toward a socialist philosophy with more state-owned industries?

A)Latin America
B)East Asia
C)sub-Saharan Africa
D)Eastern Europe

Question 21

How do semiperiphery regions compare with periphery regions?

A)Periphery regions are growing more rapidly than semiperiphery regions.
B)Semiperiphery regions are growing more rapidly than periphery regions.
C)Periphery regions export primarily manufactured products,whereas semiperiphery regions export primarily raw materials.
D)States can move from the semiperiphery to the periphery,but not from the periphery to the semiperiphery.

Question 22

The international system as we know it developed in __________.

A)Europe
B)the Middle East
C)North America
D)Central Asia

Question 23

Neocolonialism covers the relationship of the global South with the __________.

A)United Nations
B)United States
C)Soviet Union
D)United Kingdom

Question 24

During the Cold War,the classic third world revolutionary movement was __________.

A)organized by peasants and laborers
B)a military overthrow of the government
C)a communist insurgency
D)Islamic in nature

Question 25

A lack of technical and administrative skill levels was one challenge faced by former colonies __________.

A)with economies stretched thin by over-development
B)upon their winning independence
C)upon their losing independence
D)with particularly effective governments

Question 26

Though the profits accrue to the local capitalists,a system of nationally controlled production still depends on __________.

A)the local population
B)local peasants
C)government officials
D)foreign markets

Question 27

According to world-system theory,which type of state develops most of the advanced products or quasi-monopoly goods?

A)core states
B)peripheral states
C)semiperipheral states
D)multinational states

Question 28

North-South relations have shown how difficult it is to separate __________ from __________.

A)political economy,international security
B)global terrorism,globalization
C)political culture,development issues
D)imperialism,political economy

Question 29

Some of the fundamental principles of interstate power politics were first exhibited by __________.

A)the Ottoman Empire
B)Latin American civilizations
C)Italian city-states
D)Greek city-states

Question 30

The three regions that engage in the world economy primarily as raw material exporters are __________.

A)spread across the global North and the global South
B)located in the global North
C)growing more speedily
D)growing more slowly

Question 31

Conflicts among great powers,including the two world wars and the Cold War,basically result from competition among core states and regions over the right to exploit __________.

A)each other
B)the periphery
C)the industrial regions
D)the satellites

Question 32

Nonviolent resistance to British rule was the means to independence for which British colony?

A)Malaysia
B)South Africa
C)India
D)Nigeria

Question 33

Which country was the first colonial power?

A)Britain
B)Portugal
C)Spain
D)Germany

Question 34

Basing economic growth solely on resource exports can be problematic and lead to __________.

A)mercantilism
B)the resource curse
C)resource dependency
D)hollow growth

Question 35

World-system theory is based on which theoretical framework?

A)liberalism
B)Marxism
C)realism
D)constructivism

Question 36

In most of the territories they colonized,European empires incorporated rather than pushed aside the __________ of those territories,especially in Africa and Asia.

A)cultural values
B)native leaders
C)religious belief systems
D)indigenous populations

Question 37

With respect to the concept of the world-system,__________.

A)the semiperiphery acts as a buffer between the core and periphery
B)states in the periphery are not active in international trade
C)states in the core export light manufactures from the periphery
D)there are distinct lines between core and periphery,which states cannot cross

Question 38

An economic surplus is created not by using capital for __________,but by investing money in productive capital.

A)consumption
B)development
C)accumulation
D)industrialization

Question 39

Most revolutions in third world countries were the result of __________.

A)struggles between global communism and global capitalism
B)international power struggles between rich and poor countries
C)poverty and unmet basic human needs
D)anti-imperialist sentiment

Question 40

In the world-system,the regions that mostly manufacture goods are the __________.

A)middle-income regions
B)third world regions
C)industrialized regions
D)incorporated

Question 41

Which of the following is a consequence of an enclave economy?

A)Raw materials are sold on foreign markets with little impact on the country's economy.
B)A powerful class of rich owners is built up within the country.
C)Sustained economic growth occurs as a result of multiple foreign investments in the country.
D)Renewal of a state's natural resources occurs.

Question 42

Because of the positive impacts of colonialism on local populations,pro-colonial movements arose throughout the global South.

Question 43

International relations scholars in the world-system school argue that the North is a periphery specializing in extracting raw materials through agriculture and mining.

Question 44

In the postcolonial era,the liberal free-trade regime based around the __________ corrected only partially for the North's superior bargaining position in North-South trade.

A)IMF
B)UN
C)World Bank
D)WTO

Question 45

Following colonial liberation movements,the newly independent states inherited borders that were drawn in European capitals by __________.

A)the leaders of the independence movement in these states
B)foreign officers looking at maps
C)a two-thirds majority of the United Nations General Assembly
D)a joint committee consisting of representatives from these states and the Western world

Question 46

Third world states were left with legacies of colonialism following independence,including their basic economic infrastructures,which made wealth accumulation difficult in certain ways.

Question 47

In the context of colonialism,what was the relationship between education and colonists?

A)Territories tended to already have strong educational systems prior to being colonized.
B)Colonial powers generally invested very little in the educational infrastructure of their colonies.
C)Access to education was largely withheld from colonists.
D)Education was widely disseminated by those in power to colonists.

Question 48

After several decades in power,revolutionaries usually continue to rebel against the norms and rules of the international system.

Question 49

In the global North,approximately 1 billion people live in extreme poverty.

Question 50

Hunger and malnutrition are rampant in the global South.

Question 51

The digging up and shipping away of the most easily accessible minerals and the use of the best farmland for export crops rather than subsistence crops exemplified the __________ colonial power.

A)environmental degradation carried out through
B)economic desperation associated with
C)negative economic implications of
D)aggressive work ethic perpetuated through

Question 52

Since Lenin,many Marxists have argued that capitalists in the North exploit the South economically and use the wealth thus generated to buy off workers in the North.

Question 53

International agencies based in the North have begun to take women's contributions into account in order to better analyze economic development in the South.

Question 54

According to dependency theory,__________.

A)a dependent country is forced to export all the goods it produces
B)the structure of the world-system creates economic problems for dependent countries
C)the accumulation of capital cannot sustain itself within dependent countries
D)dependency is a form of international interdependence between countries of relatively equal power

Question 55

Once in power,revolutionary governments find they often resemble their predecessor in what way?

A)adopting similar foreign policies
B)consisting of a strong legislature and a weak executive
C)consisting of a weak legislature and a weak executive
D)developing multiparty democracies

Question 56

The global South has played host to nearly all of the wars during the past 50 years.

Question 57

By 1982,the only areas of white minority rule remaining in Africa were in __________.

A)central Africa
B)north Africa
C)south Africa
D)west Africa

Question 58

Though it continued to control other territories,in the early 1800s,the Portuguese left power in Brazil.This is an example of __________.

A)interdependence
B)democratization
C)decolonization
D)internationalism

Question 59

The Viet Minh defeat of French occupiers was an example of throwing off the colonial yoke by way of __________.

A)negotiating a transfer of power
B)traditional warfare
C)a movement of nonviolent resistance
D)guerrilla warfare

Question 60

Many states have been expanding state-owned enterprises because state ownership has been so successful in accumulating wealth.

Question 61

One of the biggest issues affecting North-South relations is the __________ from poorer to richer states.

Question 62

The development of the international system,of imperialism,of trade and war,were all greatly accelerated by the __________ after about 1750.

Question 63

__________ disrupted the dependence of rural communities on subsistence farming,shifting the focus of those communities to commercial agriculture.

Question 64

The theory of socialism parallels __________ with regard to its views on the relationship between government and the economy.

Question 65

China and South Asia,the regions experiencing the __________ growth,are not part of the highest-income or the lowest-income regions.

Question 66

__________ calls for the breaking up of large landholdings and the redistribution of the land to poor peasants for use in subsistence farming.

Question 67

Along with some of the newly industrialized countries,Eastern Europe and Russia are commonly considered __________.

Question 68

Prime causes of revolutions are __________ and lack of __________,especially when the impoverished observe others living much better.

Question 69

Some international relations scholars see the global system of regional divisions as a world-system,which is also known as __________.

Question 70

Colonialism disrupted the pattern of __________ in traditionally rural communities.