Deck 3: Liberal and Social Theories

Question 1

With respect to warfare,__________.

A)the long-term trend is that there are fewer wars but more people being killed in them
B)the advances in technology lead us to fear annihilation of the world more than destruction of a city
C)major wars will continue regardless of trends toward fewer wars
D)today's most serious conflicts consist mainly of skirmishing rather than all-out battles

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which proposition has not been contradicted by any major historical cases?

A)Democracies almost never fight each other.
B)Democracies are generally more peaceful than authoritarian governments.
C)A country in transition to democracy is as peaceful as a stable democratic country.
D)A country in transition to democracy is as peaceful as a stable authoritarian country.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

How can liberal theories of international relations be distinguished from realism?

A)Realism believes people learn from negative historical events,whereas liberalists believe they learn from positive ones.
B)Realism is less likely to believe in the unitary-actor assumption than liberal theories.
C)Realists see the rules of international relations as timeless and unchanging,whereas liberal theorists see the rules of international relations as evolving incrementally.
D)Realists favor absolute gains,whereas liberals favor relative gains.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which of the following is a critique of realism from the postmodern perspective?

A)State interests are objective.
B)A single set of values or interests applies to all states.
C)States are not the central actors in international relations.
D)International institutions are important actors in international relations.

Question 5

The first Gulf War against Iraq is considered an example of __________.

A)deterrence
B)preventive war
C)preemptive war
D)collective security

Question 6

For postmodernists,the breakup of the Soviet Union into 15 sovereign states is evidence of a problem with realists' belief that states __________.

A)are the central actors in international relations
B)pursue objective interests through international power politics
C)have universal interests
D)are unitary

Question 7

Collective security refers to __________.

A)the formation of a broad alliance to oppose aggression
B)a set of rules on which actors agree in regard to a particular issue
C)the proposition that democracies almost never fight wars against each other
D)a movement that examines how changing international norms shape the content of state interests

Question 8

Which statement correctly describes an international regime?

A)An international regime is a set of rules on which actors agree in regard to a particular issue area.
B)An international regime can help solve gender gap problems by increasing transparency.
C)An international regime undermines the concept of sovereignty.
D)An international regime deconstructs frameworks to coordinate states' actions.

Question 9

The success of collective security depends on __________.

A)the presence of a UN Security Council resolution
B)a formal treaty that outlines the member commitments
C)the aggressor being internationally isolated and therefore easy to oppose
D)the level of commitment and agreement among member states

Question 10

The most destructive war in 2015 was located in __________;also in 2015,Nigerian troops moved against Islamist militants in the northern part of __________.

A)Afghanistan,Mozambique
B)Syria,Democratic Congo
C)Libya,Angola
D)Ukraine,Congo

Question 11

What does postmodernism fundamentally call into question altogether?

A)the concept of states as actors
B)international organizations
C)nuclear proliferation among developing nations
D)the concept of state sovereignty

Question 12

Which of the following do postmodernists mainly focus on when attempting to deconstruct dominant beliefs?

A)human behavior
B)state behavior
C)discourse
D)psychology

Question 13

International regimes __________.

A)can exist only when there is a concentration of power in the international system
B)can exist only when there is a dispersion of power in the international system
C)are stronger when embedded in permanent institutions
D)are weaker when embedded in permanent institutions

Question 14

UN cooperative defense is an example of __________.

A)regional stability
B)hegemonic stability
C)collective security
D)democratic peace

Question 15

Realists argue that one state's reliance on another spurs __________ tensions in short-term contexts.

A)productive
B)fewer
C)balanced
D)more

Question 16

That trade increases wealth,cooperation,global well-being,and,ultimately,peace is __________.

A)a key belief of orthodox Marxism
B)an explanation by Thomas Hobbes of how peace and cooperation are possible
C)a theory developed to facilitate greater sovereignty
D)an explanation by Immanuel Kant of how peace and cooperation are possible

Question 17

Which statement about international regimes is true?

A)They cannot be modified once created.
B)They coordinate the behavior of states to assist them in overcoming collective goods problems.
C)They assist states in realizing their interests even when they could do so through unilateral forms of leverage.
D)They are actors that are more important in the international system than are states.

Question 18

The first attempt at creating a collective security system was the __________.

A)United Nations
B)League of Nations
C)European Community
D)North Atlantic Treaty Organization

Question 19

Which of the following countries represent recent examples of armed struggle by a nation's people for regime change?

A)Vietnam and Indonesia
B)Martinique and Qatar
C)Mali and Colombia
D)Syria and Libya

Question 20

That there is a multiplicity of experiences and perspectives that defy easy categorization rather than a solitary,objective reality is a key idea of __________.

A)Marxism
B)militarism
C)modernism
D)postmodernism

Question 21

A __________ feminist focuses on valorizing the feminine and valuing the unique contributions of women as women,a __________ feminist tends to reject the assumptions about gender made by other feminists,and a__________ feminist seek to include women more often as subjects of study.

A)liberal,constructivist,postmodern
B)postmodern,revolutionary,militarist
C)revolutionary,pacifist,liberal
D)difference,postmodern,liberal

Question 22

__________ feminists find important differences between men and women that are arbitrary and flexible,whereas __________ feminists consider those differences trivial.

A)Revolutionary,postmodern
B)Postmodern,liberal
C)Liberal,difference
D)Difference,revolutionary

Question 23

The glorification of war and military force,and the structuring of society around war,is known as __________.

A)the military-industrial complex
B)national security
C)militarism
D)warrior cult

Question 24

Who was the revolutionary who believed that Russia should make its greatest ambition the spreading of revolution to other nations in order to build a worldwide alliance?

A)Chairman Mao
B)Leon Trotsky
C)Fidel Castro
D)Mikhail Bulgakov

Question 25

Constructivists argue that state identities are constructed through socialization.Based on the definition of the term,which of the following is/are likely agents of socialization?

A)philanthropic institutions
B)elements of power
C)education
D)private discourse

Question 26

An international system based on feminine principles would include which of the following characteristics?

A)independence of states
B)respect for sovereignty outweighing human rights
C)responsibility of the people to care for each other regardless of national borders
D)violence as a form of leverage being the most prevalent choice

Question 27

What approach was utilized to decide whether Serbs or Bosnians would get the city of Brcko?

A)Citizen diplomacy
B)Militarism
C)Arbitration
D)Confidence-building

Question 28

In terms of their beliefs about objectivity,peace studies scholars are most comparable to __________.

A)realists
B)liberalists
C)Marxists
D)postmodernists

Question 29

__________ rallied the French in defeating the English,in the 15th century.

A)Joan of Arc
B)Thomas Hobbes
C)Margaret Thatcher
D)Boudica

Question 30

In the early 1970s Pakistan passed messages between China and the U.S. ,leading to a breakthrough in relations between those two nations.This illustrates the concept of __________.

A)mediation
B)citizen diplomacy
C)arbitration
D)linkage

Question 31

Which of the following describes the levels of analysis on which peace studies focuses?

A)individual and interstate
B)global and interstate
C)individual,domestic,and global
D)interstate,individual,and global

Question 32

Proponents of positive peace call for which of the following?

A)emphasis on war as a method of state expansion
B)the deconstruction of a global identity transcending national,ethnic,and religious divisions
C)the strengthening of norms against the use of violence
D)the elimination of armed forces

Question 33

Marxist approaches to international relations hold that both international relations and domestic politics arise from unequal relationships between __________.

A)political elites
B)economic classes
C)governmental agencies
D)economic agencies

Question 34

Nonviolent approaches were successfully spread in the United States during the 1960s by civil rights leader __________.

A)Karl Marx
B)Martin Luther King Jr.
C)Malcolm X
D)Stokely Carmichael

Question 35

Scholars of peace studies emphasize the __________ level of analysis when recommending strategies for achieving peace.

A)individual
B)national
C)international
D)global

Question 36

Which is likely the most significant obstacle to using a strategy such as unilateral pacifism or nonviolence,given the context of the Prisoner's Dilemma?

A)national interests
B)social injustice
C)lack of communication
D)lack of trust

Question 37

__________ do not believe there is any fixed,inherent meaning or essence in the female gender.

A)Postmodern feminists
B)Poststructuralist feminists
C)Difference feminists
D)Liberal feminists

Question 38

The leader of India's struggle for independence from Britain who emphasized nonviolence was __________.

A)Nelson Mandela
B)Indira Gandhi
C)Golda Meir
D)Mahatma Gandhi

Question 39

Positive peace __________.

A)is the absence of war
B)resolves the underlying reasons for war
C)is the absence of war between great powers
D)sets the stage for the next war

Question 40

The theory of imperialism that argued that European capitalists were investing in colonies where they could earn big profits,and then using part of those profits to buy off the working class back home,was developed by __________.

A)Stalin
B)Lenin
C)Mao
D)Marx

Question 41

With respect to women in the military,__________.

A)the evidence suggests that they perform well in a variety of military roles
B)only the United States excludes them from combat roles
C)the United States allows women to serve as mechanics,pilots,and on submarines
D)low performance ratings in training have kept them out of combat roles

Question 42

In practically all international conflicts,peaceful strategies for resolving those conflicts are in competition with violent approaches.

Question 43

Power and potency are likely to be key terms for postmodern feminists as they describe both male virility and state capability.

Question 44

The utilization of taxes to sway the working classes at home is an example of a buy off.

Question 45

Asia has had several notable female state leaders in recent decades.

Question 46

Consensus around decisions is requisite among all members in institutions like the World Trade Organization and European Union.

Question 47

When women won the right to vote after World War I,they __________.

A)voted for peace and against war
B)established a newsletter,Sisterly Voices,in order to express their views on elections
C)generally voted like their husbands
D)changed the nature of foreign policy with their votes

Question 48

The teasing apart of words in order to uncover subtle meanings,searching for what is perhaps left out,is a particularly Marxist approach to texts.

Question 49

Mahatma Gandhi led Indian's to struggle against British colonial occupation by utilizing actions of violence against the British.

Question 50

An example of a postmodern feminist approach to an assessment of military force should include the _________.

A)roles of commanding officers and military wives
B)support of common security
C)deconstruction of progressive language
D)roles of prostitutes at military bases and military wives

Question 51

In order for women to have a profound influence on international relations,they need to __________.

A)adopt the realist beliefs of men
B)participate as combatants in regional conflicts
C)have positions as state leaders rather than in the foreign policy bureaucracy
D)participate in key foreign policy positions in large numbers around the world

Question 52

A current example of an international regime is the International Monetary Fund.

Question 53

Which of the following statements describe a feminist argument with respect to international relations?

A)Gender is typically irrelevant for understanding how international relations works because most heads of state are male.
B)Femininity is associated with private and domestic areas,whereas masculinity is associated with public and political spaces.
C)Males influence international relations more often through nonstate channels than females do.
D)The gender identity of actors does not affect their views and decision processes.

Question 54

How can one distinguish between difference and liberal feminism?

A)Difference feminists believe individual women in foreign policy and the military differ from their male counterparts,whereas liberal feminists believe women as a group do not differ.
B)Difference feminists believe women can be just as realist as men,whereas liberal feminists believe realism reflects a masculine perception of social relations.
C)Difference feminists believe that women's unique abilities can be used to transform the entire system of international relations,whereas liberal feminists believe that female participation in foreign policy will enhance state capabilities.
D)Difference feminists believe that a few well-placed women in key foreign policy positions can change the foundations of international relations,whereas liberal feminists believe many women participating in foreign policy decisions are necessary to change international relations.

Question 55

With respect to women in politics,__________.

A)the number of women serving in legislatures is increasing
B)the number of women serving in political party leadership positions is increasing
C)they tend to be softer on tough foreign policy issues than their male counterparts
D)they are more peaceful and less committed to state sovereignty than male leaders

Question 56

Because it is in their interest to do so,states often achieve cooperation fairly.

Question 57

With respect to the impact of gender on war and peace,difference feminists believe that __________.

A)men are inherently more peaceful than women
B)women are inherently more peaceful than men
C)neither men nor women are more peaceful than the other
D)war would be less likely with more women as combatants

Question 58

The historical facts that Margaret Thatcher went to war to recover the Falkland Islands from Argentina,Indira Gandhi led a war against Pakistan,and Golda Meir led a war against Syria and Egypt contrast with the assumptions of which branch of feminism?

A)Liberal feminism
B)Difference feminism
C)Postmodern feminism
D)Revolutionary feminism

Question 59

Difference feminists argue that realism involves assumptions of masculinity because of the principle of __________.

A)unified actors
B)permanent alliances
C)pursuit of local interest
D)anarchic international politics and ordered domestic politics

Question 60

Democracies almost always fight wars against each other,leaving authoritarian states to their own devices.

Question 61

Activists and scholars have debated the creation of a __________ for quite some time.

Question 62

Poverty,hunger,and oppression are forms of __________ because they are caused by the framework of social relations rather than by direct actions.

Question 63

__________ are benefits received by all members of a group regardless of their individual contributions.

Question 64

Feminist international relations scholars believe that actors' __________ identity affects their behavior.

Question 65

The growing __________ between states makes wars increasingly costly,because states need each other.

Question 66

Liberalism largely relies on the __________ principle,whereas constructivism relies on the __________ principle.

Question 67

The framework and language of __________ is rejected by postmodernists.

Question 68

If President Margvelashvili of Georgia withdrew his support for his country's NATO membership due to fear of Russia's reaction,this would best be explained by __________ assumptions.

Question 69

Constructivists believe that a state's __________ and its __________ are intertwined and that both are socially constructed.

Question 70

The difficulty of Israelis and Palestinians to trust each other to adhere to a peace deal illustrates the __________ game.