Deck 11: True-False

Question 1

Male zygotes are less likely to survive than are female zygotes.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Children in the preoperational stage usually grasp the notion of conservation.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

During the sensorimotor stage of development,infants explore their environments with their eyes,hands,and mouths.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

The typical infant can lift up its head before it is able to master rolling over.

Question 5

Newborns can mimic the facial expressions of adults.

Question 6

Infants learn to control their arms before they learn to control their legs.

Question 7

If a zygote has at least one X chromosome,then it will develop into a female.

Question 8

The fetal stage is the longest stage of prenatal development.

Question 9

Newborns exhibit a strong rooting reflex when you lightly touch the soles of their feet.

Question 10

Fetal alcohol syndrome is associated with distinctive facial features but is not associated with cognitive deficits.

Question 11

Babies whose mothers smoked during pregnancy have lower birth weights but suffer no cognitive deficits.

Question 12

Piaget's first stage of cognitive development is termed the preoperational stage.

Question 13

The embryonic stage is the shortest stage of prenatal development.

Question 14

The embryonic stage is the first stage of prenatal development.

Question 15

The heart first begins to beat in the embryonic stage of prenatal development.

Question 16

Developmental psychology is the study of continuity and change during the prenatal stage of development.

Question 17

The most common teratogen is alcohol.

Question 18

Infants will habituate faster to a physically possible event than to a physically impossible event.

Question 19

The zygote develops into a fetus at around 2 weeks after conception,when it implants into the uterine wall.

Question 20

The concept of object permanence is grasped during the sensorimotor stage of cognitive development.

Question 21

Children usually pass the false-belief task between the ages of 4 and 6.

Question 22

Egocentrism is the failure to understand that the world appears differently to different observers.

Question 23

The language spoken by children's families impacts their ability to count beyond the number 10.

Question 24

The ability to focus on what another person is focused on is termed social referencing.

Question 25

The ability to reason about abstract concepts is a defining feature of the concrete operational stage of development.

Question 26

Well over 50% of American infants display a secure attachment style.

Question 27

If an adult model closes her eyes and turns her head in the direction of an object,a 3-month-old infant seated across from the model probably will look at the object.

Question 28

Children with autism typically are normal on most intellectual dimensions.

Question 29

Vygotsky considered language and numerical systems as cultural tools that influenced cognitive development.

Question 30

The development of abstract reasoning skills appears to be the most important factor in the formation of a theory of mind.

Question 31

Once the principle of conservation is understood,children enter the formal operational stage of cognitive development.

Question 32

Piaget emphasized the role of cultural factors in his theory of cognitive development.

Question 33

Harry Harlow found that rhesus monkeys raised in isolation suffered emotional,but not cognitive,deficits as adults.

Question 34

An 18-month-old infant can recognize and imitate the intended behavior of an adult model.

Question 35

Harry Harlow found that rhesus monkeys raised in isolation spent more time clinging to an artificial mother made of wire that provided nourishment relative to an artificial mother made of soft cloth that did not provide nourishment.

Question 36

Young children more accurately recognize that others differ from themselves in emotions than desires.

Question 37

Modern psychologists see development more as a continuous process than as a movement through discrete stages.

Question 38

John Bowlby claimed that human infants smile and coo as a way of keeping their caregivers close.

Question 39

Children all over the world pass and fail the false-belief task at about the same age.

Question 40

Deaf children who use American Sign Language to communicate lag far behind other children in acquiring a theory of mind.

Question 41

Synaptic proliferation occurs at a high rate throughout adolescence.

Question 42

It is not unusual for a child's attachment style to change over time.

Question 43

In Lawrence Kohlberg's preconventional stage of moral development,children tend to focus on how actions conform to social norms.

Question 44

Psychologists speculate that the avoidant style of emotional attachment is characteristic of infants who are abused.

Question 45

Puberty is occurring earlier with successive generations.

Question 46

Spending more than 10 hours per week in nonmaternal day care impairs the formation of a secure attachment style between infant and mother,even if the mother is sensitive and responsive to the needs of her infant.

Question 47

According to Lawrence Kohlberg's stages of moral development,a first grader in the preconventional stage will not disobey his teacher because he will not want to be punished.

Question 48

The secure attachment style is the most common attachment style across all cultures.

Question 49

Infants who formed secure as opposed to insecure attachments with their primary caregivers tend to experience greater academic success later in life.

Question 50

Young children who were securely attached infants tend to recall positive and negative events equally during memory tests.

Question 51

Infant temperament is largely the result of biology.

Question 52

According to a moral intuitionist perspective,incest is considered wrong because it disgusts us.

Question 53

Kohlberg believed that most adults reach the postconventional stage of morality.

Question 54

The quality of attachment between child and caregiver is dependent on both the caregiver's behavior and the child's temperament.

Question 55

German infants exhibit more ambivalent attachment styles than they do avoidant attachment styles.

Question 56

It is common for temperament to change considerably over the first few years of life.

Question 57

Infants who formed secure attachments with their primary caregivers act as though they are certain their primary caregiver will respond when they feel insecure.

Question 58

The onset of puberty occurs about 2 years earlier for girls than it does for boys.

Question 59

Enlargement of the breasts in girls is a primary sex characteristic that occurs during puberty.

Question 60

Piaget believed that young children tend to judge an action as moral or immoral based on the intentions of the actor instead of the consequences of the action.

Question 61

Girls who reach puberty earlier are more likely to experience negative consequences such as delinquency.

Question 62

The peak of our physical prowess occurs in the early 20s,whereas the peak of our mental prowess occurs around the age of 50.

Question 63

The brains of older adults show more bilateral asymmetry than do the brains of younger adults.

Question 64

Research has indicated that sex education does not increase the likelihood that adolescents will engage in sexual activity.

Question 65

It is more common for American teenagers to use condoms during sex than not.

Question 66

Years of experience often allow older people to develop strategies that can compensate for cognitive decline.

Question 67

In the United States,teenage mothers score lower on measures of academic and economic achievement,but the children of teenage mothers do not.

Question 68

As the brain ages,the prefrontal cortex and its associated subcortical connections deteriorates more quickly than do the other areas of the brain.

Question 69

The onset of puberty is accelerated by an increase in body fat.

Question 70

There is little evidence to suggest that abstinence-only education is effective at reducing teenage sexual activity.

Question 71

Aging produces more deficits in long-term memory relative to working memory.

Question 72

The typical adolescent struggles with frequent moodiness and extreme mood swings.

Question 73

Erik Erikson suggested that the major task of adolescence is the development of the ability to give and receive love.

Question 74

About 65% of female American teenagers wait until they turn 18 years of age before engaging in sexual intercourse.

Question 75

Typical late-adolescent children spend considerably less time with same-sex peers as they did during early adolescence.

Question 76

There is considerable evidence to suggest that biology plays a key role in determining sexual orientation.

Question 77

Older people are more likely to attend to information that brings emotional satisfaction than to information that is useful for achieving a particular goal.

Question 78

Sexual orientation is completely determined by genetics.

Question 79

Older adults are less sensitive to pain than younger adults.

Question 80

Identical twins are no more likely to have the same sexual orientation than are fraternal twins.