Deck 6: True-False

Question 1

Often,semantic encoding occurs without conscious effort.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Iconic memories persist slightly longer than do echoic memories.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Repeating a telephone number over and over until you can write it down or dial it is an example of rehearsal.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

New information can be held in short-term storage for several days before it is transferred to long-term memory.

Question 5

Organizational encoding activates the upper portion of the left temporal lobe.

Question 6

Survival-related information is easily encoded into memory precisely because little or no planning is needed to encode biologically relevant information.

Question 7

Without rehearsal,information cannot be stored in short-term memory beyond about 5 seconds.

Question 8

We can hold about seven meaningful pieces of information in our short-term memory.

Question 9

Sensory storage can hold information for only a few seconds or less.

Question 10

In correct chronological order,we encode,retrieve,and store memories.

Question 11

When we remember something,our brains create exact duplicates of perceptual experiences.

Question 12

Thinking about a word's meaning results in a deeper level of encoding than does listening to how it sounds or thinking about how it looks.

Question 13

The executive functions of working memory occur in the occipital lobe of the brain.

Question 14

Iconic memories decay faster than do echoic memories.

Question 15

"Working memory" refers to active maintenance of information in sensory storage.

Question 16

Long-term memory has no known capacity limits.

Question 17

Without rehearsal,short-term memory fades in less than 30 seconds.

Question 18

Long-term memories tend to be stored in the hippocampus.

Question 19

Visual imagery encoding activates brain regions in the parietal lobe.

Question 20

Most people would be incredibly accurate at matching names to faces from their high-school yearbook,even decades after they graduated.

Question 21

Neurotransmission between two neurons physically changes the synapse,or space between these neurons.

Question 22

Patient HM developed anterograde amnesia due to brain trauma from a near-fatal automobile accident.

Question 23

Once consolidated,memories are relatively permanent fixtures in the brain.

Question 24

The encoding specificity principle states that retrieval cues which induce novel cognitive states are especially powerful at evoking memory retrieval.

Question 25

Predictions based on state-dependent retrieval state that,if you are emotionally upset when you are studying for a test,you will remember the material even better if you are in a good mood on the test day.

Question 26

Eric Kandel won the Nobel Prize by demonstrating long-term memory in the Aplysia,a one-celled organism.

Question 27

Memory reconsolidation primarily occurs each morning after we awaken from sleep.

Question 28

Repeatedly retrieving a piece of information from memory produces roughly the same effects on long-term recall as studying the information repeatedly.

Question 29

Kandel's work with Aplysia demonstrated that short-term memory involves the growth of new synaptic connections among neurons.

Question 30

Retrieval cues always are external stimuli in the environment.

Question 31

Patient HM's memory loss was primarily due to the removal of a large section of the prefrontal cortex in an attempt to stop seizure activity.

Question 32

Kandel's work with Aplysia demonstrated that short-term memory involves enhanced neurotransmitter release.

Question 33

The scent of a former partner's cologne may serve as a strong retrieval cue,bringing instant thoughts of him or her.

Question 34

Neurotransmission,or communication among neurons,is analogous to you sending a toy boat across a river to your friend on the other side.

Question 35

Long-term potentiation occurs in the hippocampus.

Question 36

Because he suffered from anterograde amnesia,patient HM was unable to transfer new information from short-term into long-term memory.

Question 37

Drugs that block long-term potentiation produce effects similar to severe retrograde amnesia.

Question 38

A person with only retrograde amnesia cannot remember aspects of his or her past but can form new memories.

Question 39

The amygdala is involved in the consolidation of emotional memories.

Question 40

Sleep aids in memory by facilitating the consolidation of important-but not unimportant-information.

Question 41

The memory that Paris is the capital of France is a semantic memory.

Question 42

Episodic memory allows us to engage in mental time travel.

Question 43

The memory of doing cartwheels with your cousin at a family reunion is an episodic memory.

Question 44

Implicit memory is a subtype of procedural memory.

Question 45

The memory of a person with amnesia can be primed.

Question 46

Procedural memory is a type of working memory.

Question 47

The more times a memory is retrieved,the more accurate it becomes.

Question 48

The memory of how to do a cartwheel is an episodic memory.

Question 49

Kelly's memory of the first goal she scored in organized soccer is an example of a semantic memory.

Question 50

The hippocampus is highly involved in the priming of memories.

Question 51

If you can consciously recall a memory,it is an explicit memory.

Question 52

Explicit memories can affect our current behavior,even if they are outside of conscious awareness.

Question 53

Memory retrieval is a single,identifiable process in the brain.

Question 54

The hippocampus and the upper temporal lobe become activated when Abigail remembers the voice of her deceased grandfather.

Question 55

The hippocampus is necessary for acquiring new semantic information.

Question 56

Priming is a type of implicit memory process.

Question 57

Retrieval of a memory may promote forgetting a related memory.

Question 58

Contestants on quiz shows typically use episodic memory to come up with correct answers.

Question 59

Focusing on only the most important details about the crime during the initial interview of an eyewitness may actually increase the eyewitness's memory of other aspects of the crime.

Question 60

Conceptual priming is an explicit memory,and perceptual priming is an implicit memory.

Question 61

Collaborative recall typically is better than the recall of any individual comprising the group.

Question 62

Hermann Ebbinghaus first described how information in long-term memory is forgotten with the passage of time.

Question 63

Taj recently changed the password to his e-mail account;now he cannot remember his old password,illustrating the effects of proactive interference.

Question 64

Divided attention results in decreased hippocampal activity during encoding.

Question 65

Having just finished the last of the milk,Harry makes a mental note to go to the grocery store tomorrow to purchase more milk;this is an example of prospective memory.

Question 66

Divided attention is associated with an increase in lower left frontal lobe activity.

Question 67

Failures of prospective memory usually are due to blocking.

Question 68

Hippocampal amnesics have difficulty imagining new experiences.

Question 69

In a typical collaborative memory experiment,participants encode information in small groups and then attempt to recall them on their own.

Question 70

Collaborative recall typically is better than the combined efforts of the same individuals recalling information on their own.

Question 71

Absentmindedness is most often due to divided attention.

Question 72

Remembering the past and envisioning the future activate two distinct memory systems in the brain.

Question 73

Transience refers to forgetting that occurs as a result of divided attention.

Question 74

As time passes,we begin to lose information in our long-term memory store at a faster and faster rate.

Question 75

Most forgetting occurs soon after the occurrence of the event to be remembered.

Question 76

Episodic memory allows us to think about past events but is not involved in our ability to envision the future.

Question 77

Proactive interference refers to situations in which earlier learning impairs memory for information acquired later.

Question 78

As time passes,information is lost from long-term memory at a constant rate.

Question 79

In a typical collaborative memory experiment,the group of participants asked to recall information with others is termed the nominal group.

Question 80

Collaborative inhibition is due to the social loafing phenomenon.