Deck 5: True-False

Question 1

Mind wandering is especially likely when we are engaging in tasks demanding of our attention.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Consciousness can be compared with a movie streaming live on computer screens for the entire world to see.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Phenomenology is the study of the unconscious mind.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Performance on the dichotic listening task illustrates the selectivity of consciousness.

Question 5

Infants under a year old usually cannot recognize themselves in a mirror.

Question 6

Experiments by Libet revealed that our brains lead our minds and bodies,instead of our mind directing brain activity and behavior.

Question 7

Adult chimpanzees can usually recognize themselves in a mirror.

Question 8

People usually report that mind wandering is associated with a temporary increase in happiness.

Question 9

Descartes believed that the mind was part of the physical world.

Question 10

People usually do not report mind wandering during sex.

Question 11

People typically engage in mind wandering during nearly half of their daily activities.

Question 12

Research has shown that staring at oneself in a mirror subsequently makes one less likely to offer help to another for a brief period of time.

Question 13

Two dimensions of mind perception are the capacity for experience and the capacity for agency.

Question 14

Psychologists distinguish among different levels of consciousness based solely on differences in brain activity.

Question 15

When asked,people usually report that babies have the capacity for agency but little capacity for experience.

Question 16

The unity of consciousness refers to the fact that consciousness flows like a river from one "right now" to the next.

Question 17

Mind wandering is the experience of having stimulus-dependent thoughts.

Question 18

It is impossible to prove or disprove that your neighbor is conscious.

Question 19

People remain minimally conscious,even while asleep.

Question 20

The cocktail-party phenomenon describes the increased likelihood that people will hear their name mentioned from across the room,even when engaged in another conversation at a large and noisy event.

Question 21

REM sleep always begins immediately after stage 4 sleep.

Question 22

Over the course of a lifetime,humans require about 2 hours of sleep for every 1 hour awake.

Question 23

Recent research has suggested that the unconscious possesses more intelligence than what Freud originally theorized.

Question 24

When participants were asked not to think about a white bear for 5 minutes,thought suppression was virtually impossible.

Question 25

The modern view of the cognitive unconscious is that it is a place teeming with animalistic urges and repressed thoughts.

Question 26

The default network is the pattern of brain activity that results when participants are given a new problem to solve.

Question 27

Research has shown that the content of consciousness is dominated by the immediate environment.

Question 28

The deepest stage of sleep is stage 4 and is associated with delta-wave activity.

Question 29

Without cues to the time of day,the body will automatically adopt a rest-activity cycle of 8 hours.

Question 30

Staying awake for more than 120 consecutive hours produces long-term deficits in brain functioning that cannot be overcome by subsequently catching up on one's sleep.

Question 31

Sleepers awakened during REM sleep report having dreams much more often than those awakened during non-REM periods.

Question 32

Ironic processes of mental control usually interfere with effective mental processing.

Question 33

There is scientific evidence to suggest that factors presented outside of conscious awareness can influence subsequent behavior.

Question 34

While in the short term it is difficult to suppress a specific thought,in the long term that thought will occur less often,even after one stops trying to suppress it.

Question 35

Hypnic jerks usually occur during the deepest stages of sleep.

Question 36

The proportion of time spent in stage 4 sleep decreases over the course of a night.

Question 37

Beyond aspects of the immediate environment,research has shown that sexual thoughts dominate the consciousness of college students.

Question 38

Sigmund Freud was extremely talented at being able to make accurate predictions about what types of verbal slips his patients would make.

Question 39

Sigmund Freud believed that unwanted thoughts and impulses were banished to the unconscious via the process of repression.

Question 40

According to Freud,the dynamic unconsciousness controls well-learned behaviors,freeing your conscious mind to focus on more difficult tasks.

Question 41

The most commonly experienced sleep disorder is insomnia.

Question 42

Brain scans (fMRIs)have shown that the amygdala is quite active during REM sleep.

Question 43

While dreaming,we usually accept the contents of our dream consciousness uncritically,even if our dreams are bizarre,illogical,and disjointed.

Question 44

Sigmund Freud proposed the activation-synthesis theory of dreaming.

Question 45

There is no existing scientific evidence that supports Freud's contention that we sometimes dream about suppressed thoughts.

Question 46

The long-term use of sleeping pills to manage chronic insomnia usually is safe and effective.

Question 47

According to the activation-synthesis model of dreaming,the mind attempts to make sense of random neural activity that occurs in the brain during sleep.

Question 48

According to the activation-synthesis model,a dream begins with an underlying meaning but this meaning is lost due to the random neural activity of the sleeping brain.

Question 49

Somnambulism,or sleepwalking,is most common among children,peaking between the ages of 4 and 8.

Question 50

Emotions felt during dreams usually are less intense than the same emotions experienced when awake.

Question 51

Episodic memories from the previous day are often replayed in considerable detail during dreams.

Question 52

One should only wake a sleepwalker in life-threatening situations.

Question 53

A 55-year-old overweight man would be considered at risk for developing narcolepsy.

Question 54

Researchers have observed aggression in both humans and rats deprived of REM sleep.

Question 55

The prevalence of nightmares is not related to age.

Question 56

According to Freud,the latent content of our dreams refers to their hidden meanings.

Question 57

We have difficulty remembering most of our dreams several hours after they occur.

Question 58

In a narcoleptic attack,a person engaged in waking activities will collapse into a deep,slow-wave sleep.

Question 59

If you wake sleepwalkers,they probably will report that they were dreaming.

Question 60

Experiencing the sensation of pain is common during nightmares.

Question 61

The primary visual cortex responsible for visual perception is active during REM sleep.

Question 62

Heroin is termed the "King of the Depressants."

Question 63

Psychologists have yet to discover a psychoactive drug used by people that rats will refuse to self-administer.

Question 64

Most cocaine abusers became addicted the very first time they tried the drug.

Question 65

People who thrash around in sleep are probably dreaming.

Question 66

The prefrontal cortex is activated during REM sleep.

Question 67

Valium and Xanax are depressant drugs classified as barbiturates.

Question 68

Drug addiction is synonymous with physical dependence on a drug.

Question 69

The theory of alcohol myopia explains why our visual perception of objects becomes fuzzy when we've had too much to drink.

Question 70

The expectancy theory of alcohol effects suggests that drinking will cause you to behave as you have observed others behave in similar social situations involving alcohol.

Question 71

Stimulant drugs increase the levels of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain.

Question 72

Alcohol is classified as both a stimulant and a depressant.

Question 73

Prolonged use of Ecstasy has been shown to damage dopaminergic neurons.

Question 74

The use of Ecstasy can lead to increased body temperature.

Question 75

If less and less of a pain medication to produce the same amount of relief is required,a tolerance for the drug has been acquired.

Question 76

If allowed,rats will self-administer cocaine to the point of severely damaging their health,including overdose and death.

Question 77

The expectancy theory of alcohol effects predicts that people who believe that alcohol makes them funnier will tell more jokes when intoxicated.

Question 78

Alcohol depresses the activity of the neurotransmitter GABA.

Question 79

Long-term use of benzodiazepines produces a psychological but not physical dependence.

Question 80

Laboratory rats will self-administer THC,the active compound in marijuana.