Question 1

The _____ nervous system processes and coordinates sensory input from the body in order to send signals from the brain and spinal cord back to the muscles and bones in the body.&#10;A)peripheral&#10;B)sympathetic&#10;C)autonomic&#10;D)central

Accepted Answer

The central nervous system (CNS) is responsible for processing and coordinating sensory input from the body and then sending signals back to the muscles and bones. The CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord.

Question 2

Chemicals that pass information across the tiny gap between neurons are called:&#10;A)neurotransmitters.&#10;B)phytohormones.&#10;C)gasotransmitters.&#10;D)semiochemicals.

Accepted Answer

Neurotransmitters are chemicals that transmit information across the synapses or gaps between neurons in the nervous system. Phytohormones are chemicals produced by plants to regulate their growth and development. Gasotransmitters are a group of signaling molecules that include nitric oxide and carbon monoxide. Semiochemicals are chemical substances released by organisms to communicate with others of the same or different species.

Question 3

The major advantage of fMRI over PET is that fMRI:&#10;A)measures both brain structure and function.&#10;B)allows for cause and effect determinations between brain function and behavior to be made.&#10;C)does not involve the use of an expensive machine that generates magnetic pulses.&#10;D)allows for the measurement of brain activity on a much shorter time scale.

Accepted Answer

The major advantage of fMRI over PET is that fMRI allows for the measurement of brain activity on a much shorter time scale. This is because fMRI measures changes in blood flow, which represents neural activity, whereas PET requires the injection of a radioactive substance that takes time to distribute in the brain, limiting the temporal resolution of the technique. fMRI does not measure brain structure, and it cannot determine cause and effect relationships between brain activity and behavior. While fMRI machines are expensive, they do not generate magnetic pulses as stated in option C.

Question 4

The myelin sheath of an axon:&#10;A)functions only as a guard against diseases.&#10;B)allows efficient transmission of signals to other neurons,organs,or muscles.&#10;C)receives and processes information from all parts of the body.&#10;D)keeps a cell alive.

Accepted Answer

The myelin sheath is a fatty layer surrounding the axon of some neurons, and it serves to increase the speed and efficiency of the transmission of signals from one neuron to another or from a neuron to a muscle or gland. It does not receive or process information and does not function as a guard against disease. While it may help to keep the axon alive by providing insulation, that is not its primary function.

Question 5

Which statement describes a consequence of DNA methylation?&#10;A)The trait associated with the methylated gene will be more visible.&#10;B)The basic DNA sequence of the methylated gene will be altered.&#10;C)The tumor-suppression genes will be activated.&#10;D)The methylated gene will not be expressed.

Accepted Answer

DNA methylation is a process of adding a methyl group to the cytosine base of a DNA molecule. This modification alters the physical structure of DNA and may result in inhibition or prevention of the transcription of a gene. Methylation can also disable genes that are normally used as tumor suppressors, which can increase the likelihood of cancer development. Therefore, a consequence of DNA methylation is that the methylated gene will not be expressed.

Question 6

The division of the peripheral nervous system most commonly associated with the &#34;fight-or-flight&#34; response is the _____ nervous system.&#10;A)sympathetic&#10;B)parasympathetic&#10;C)somatic&#10;D)cardiovascular

Accepted Answer

The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the "fight-or-flight" response, which prepares the body for action in response to a perceived threat or danger. It increases heart rate, dilates airways, and redirects blood flow to muscles, among other responses.

Question 7

Split-brain studies have revealed that:&#10;A)information is processed in the same hemisphere as it is received.&#10;B)information entering one hemisphere stays there in the absence of the corpus callosum.&#10;C)the corpus callosum does not help the two hemispheres exchange information.&#10;D)the right and left hemispheres have no independent functions.

Accepted Answer

Split-brain studies have revealed that information entering one hemisphere stays there in the absence of the corpus callosum. In other words, without the corpus callosum connecting the two hemispheres, information cannot cross over from one side to the other. This has been shown through experiments where information is presented to only one hemisphere and the participant is unable to report it to the other hemisphere or recall it later on.

Question 8

The parietal lobe is MOST associated with the sense of:&#10;A)vision.&#10;B)touch.&#10;C)hearing.&#10;D)smell.

Accepted Answer

The parietal lobe is primarily associated with touch sensation, including pressure, temperature, and pain. It processes sensory information from the skin and muscles to help individuals perceive their own body movements and position in space. While the parietal lobe is involved in some visual and auditory processing, these functions are not its primary focus. The olfactory (smell) cortex is located in the temporal lobe of the brain.

Question 9

Which statement is NOT true of dopamine?&#10;A)Dopamine is involved in associating a reward with the behavior that produced it.&#10;B)Low levels of dopamine impair motor functioning.&#10;C)High levels of dopamine are linked to schizophrenia.&#10;D)High levels of dopamine are associated with depression.

Accepted Answer

High levels of dopamine are not associated with depression. In fact, low levels of dopamine have been linked to depression.

Question 10

Heritability scores higher than 0 but less than 1.00 indicate the:&#10;A)interaction between genetics and the environment in producing a particular trait.&#10;B)contribution of genetics alone in producing all behaviors.&#10;C)contribution of environmental factors alone in producing all behaviors.&#10;D)role of new genes influencing a particular behavior.

Accepted Answer

Heritability scores between 0 and 1 indicate that both genetics and environmental factors contribute to a trait. A score of 0 would indicate that the trait is entirely due to environmental factors, while a score of 1 would indicate that the trait is entirely due to genetics. Therefore, a heritability score greater than 0 but less than 1 suggests that genetics and the environment both play a role in producing the trait.

Question 11

An electroencephalograph is a beneficial tool for:&#10;A)determining cause and effect between brain function and behavior.&#10;B)determining the amount of brain activity during different states of consciousness.&#10;C)localizing the regions of the brain responsible for various cognitive processes.&#10;D)obtaining a high-resolution scan of the various brain structures.

Accepted Answer

The answer of An electroencephalograph is a beneficial tool for:&#10;A)determining...

Question 12

_____ receive information from the external world and convey this information to the brain via the spinal cord.&#10;A)Sensory neurons&#10;B)Motor neurons&#10;C)Chromosomes&#10;D)Interneurons

Accepted Answer

The answer of _____ receive information from the external world...

Question 13

Which brain region is NOT involved with movement?&#10;A)the amygdala&#10;B)the basal ganglia&#10;C)the motor cortex&#10;D)the tegmentum

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which brain region is NOT involved with...

Question 14

Denton can pitch a baseball with an effortless and smooth movement.What part of the hindbrain is associated with this highly coordinated motion?&#10;A)the pons&#10;B)the cerebellum&#10;C)the medulla&#10;D)the spinal cord

Accepted Answer

The answer of Denton can pitch a baseball with an...

Question 15

By blocking the reuptake of dopamine and _____,amphetamine functions as a strong _____.&#10;A)acetylcholine;agonist&#10;B)acetylcholine;antagonist&#10;C)norepinephrine;agonist&#10;D)norepinephrine;antagonist

Accepted Answer

The answer of By blocking the reuptake of dopamine and...

Deck 3: Web Quiz 1