Deck 13: Health Psychology

Question 1

On the "Wheel of Wellness" model,there are five spokes that represent the major tasks of life.Which of the following is NOT one of them?

A)creative
B)coping
C)existential
D)essential

Answer 1

existential

Question 2

Kirima has her doctorate in health psychology.Which of the following research questions might she be most likely to investigate?

A)Why are college students more prone to taking drugs when they take harder classes?
B)What is the relationship between one's ethnicity and their political affiliation?
C)Are men or women better drivers?
D)What is the relationship between a person's age and the number of years it takes them to get an undergraduate degree?

Answer 2

Why are college students more prone to taking drugs when they take harder classes?

Question 3

The historical view of health has been the ______ model.

A)illness
B)biopsychosocial
C)wellness
D)social ecology

Answer 3

illness

Question 4

When did the field of health psychology arise?

A)about 10 years ago
B)about 30 years ago
C)in the 1940s
D)during psychology's early days,in the late 1800s

Question 5

Wellness models of health:

A)focus mainly on the physiological bases of health and illness.
B)emphasize community variables in understanding health.
C)highlight the importance of perceiving meaning and purpose in life.
D)have given way to newer illness approaches.

Question 6

Muniz works to ensure that residents in a poor,deindustrializing coal mining region are safe from toxic industrial waste and have access to recreational areas for physical activity.He also fights for the community to have educational programs for its residents in safe buildings.Dr.Muniz practices:

A)psychoneuroimmunology.
B)health psychology.
C)behavioral medicine.
D)health advocacy.

Question 7

Which of the following alternatives best expresses the relationship between behavioral medicine and health psychology?

A)Behavioral medicine is another name for health psychology.
B)Behavioral medicine and health psychology are closely related fields.
C)Behavioral medicine is a broader field that includes health psychology.
D)Behavioral medicine is only distantly related to health psychology.

Question 8

Jan is a physician at a major medical center.Even though she is not a psychologist,she considers her patients' mental health and their social situations along with their current physical condition and symptoms when making assessments and developing treatment plans.Jan is an adherent of the __________ model of health care.

A)biopsychosocial
B)biomedical
C)sociological
D)physiological

Question 9

Spirituality is emphasized in ______ contemporary models of health.

A)Wellness
B)Biomedical
C)Biopsychosocial
D)Sociological

Question 10

________ is a concept that encapsulates a person's perception of their own happiness and life satisfaction.

A)Quality of life
B)Self-esteem
C)External efficacy
D)Locus of control

Question 11

This approach more fully explains both health and illness better than the traditional illness model.

A)Selye's GAS model
B)Lazarus and Folkman's Psychological Model of Stress
C)Engel's biopsychosocial model
D)Darwin's ecological model

Question 12

Psychiatrist George Engel's ________ model considers the interaction of multiple factors in understanding health.

A)biopsychosocial
B)wellness
C)social ecology
D)illness

Question 13

Sardonicus is a health psychologist.He frequently mentions the key role that spirituality and meaning play in people's health.Dr.Sardonicus seems to take a(n)______ approach to health.

A)existential
B)illness
C)wellness
D)social ecological

Question 14

The ______ model of health concentrates entirely on the physical basis of health.

A)biopsychosocial
B)social ecology
C)wellness
D)illness

Question 15

______ models of health have been especially influential in psychological counseling.

A)Biomedical
B)Wellness
C)Biopsychosocial
D)Socioenvironmental

Question 16

How do the leading causes of death in the United States today compare with those in the early 1900s?

A)As in the early 1900s,infectious diseases represent the leading causes of death in the U.S.today.
B)In the early 1900s,behavioral factors played a large part in the leading causes of death,just as they do today.
C)In the early 1900s,the leading causes of death were largely infectious; today,behavioral factors play a bigger role.
D)Behavioral factors contributed substantially to the leading causes of death in the early 1900s.Today,infectious diseases are the main causes of death.

Question 17

_____________ psychology is the field of study devoted to understanding the relationship between biology,behavior,and social context,and overall well-being and rates of illness.

A)Physiological
B)Developmental
C)Health
D)Medicinal

Question 18

The leading cause of death and disability in the United States is:

A)heart disease.
B)accidents.
C)cancer.
D)AIDS.

Question 19

Which of the following statements is TRUE with respect to health psychology?

A)It achieved prominence as a field in the early 20^th century.
B)It has become an important part of psychology in the early 1900s.
C)It is especially important given the lingering,incurable nature of current leading causes of death.
D)it is primarily focused on helping people understand development during the lifespan.

Question 20

Probably the narrowest view of health is the ______ model.

A)wellness
B)biopsychosocial
C)illness
D)social ecology

Question 21

According to the National Surveys of Youth,how many adolescents had smoke cigarettes?

A)10%
B)20%
C)25%
D)35%

Question 22

Which of the following is NOT a component of Type D personality?

A)suppression of emotions
B)anxiety
C)hostility

Question 23

A person who is highly competitive,driven,and achievement-oriented is said to be exhibiting a ______ personality.

A)Type A
B)Type S
C)Type B
D)Type C

Question 24

Joel's friends describe him as competitive,impatient,and having a strong sense of time urgency.Joel might be said to have a(n):

A)anti-social personality
B)resilient personality
C)Type A personality.
D)Type B personality.

Question 25

The National Surveys of Youth have found that nearly _____% of youth are obese.

A)8
B)13
C)22
D)31

Question 26

Illnesses that have both physical and psychological causes are termed ______ disorders.

A)multifactorial
B)biopsychological
C)psychosomatic
D)conversion

Question 27

The most lethal component of a Type A personality is:

A)perfectionism.
B)hostility.
C)time urgency.
D)competition.

Question 28

Insecure,negative,and anxious personality traits are characteristic of which personality style?

A)Type A
B)Type B
C)Type D
D)Type H

Question 29

The _______ model of health considers the impact of conditions outside the individual,like living conditions,financial resources,and exposure to harmful substances.

A)illness
B)social ecology
C)wellness
D)biopsychosocial

Question 30

Which Type A personality characteristic is the key trait that is linked to heart disease?

A)hostility
B)compulsiveness
C)competitiveness
D)chronic irritability

Question 31

People who respond to life events with a laid back,relaxed,easygoing attitude are said to have a ____________ personality.

A)Type A
B)Type S
C)Type B
D)Type C

Question 32

The Type A behavior pattern is a significant predictor of ________,particularly when the person has high levels of hostility.

A)mental illness.
B)coronary heart disease.
C)cancer.
D)respiratory illnesses.

Question 33

Health-______ behaviors increase your chances of illness and death.

A)defeating
B)limiting
C)preventing
D)reducing

Question 34

The National Surveys of Youth have found that almost _____% of youth failed to get the recommended amount of exercise in the past month.

A)35
B)50
C)65
D)75

Question 35

At some level,Jill believes that risky health-defeating behaviors are less likely to result in harmful consequences for her than they are for other people.Jill is demonstrating:

A)the health-promotion bias.
B)the availability heuristic.
C)the illusion of superiority.
D)the optimism bias.

Question 36

Which of the following statements best expresses the position of most health psychologists with regard to the mind-body issue?

A)The mind and the body are separate entities.
B)The mind and the body are one and the same.
C)The mind can have a positive or negative impact on one's health.
D)Health psychologists are concerned only with the body.

Question 37

The illusion of invulnerability refers to the belief that:

A)one is protected from the negative consequences of risky behavior.
B)that one's life is unique.
C)that risky behavior carries negative consequences only for other people.
D)one can always change one's risky behavior…tomorrow.

Question 38

Levon has a Type B personality.Which of the following is most likely?

A)Levon is determined to achieve.
B)Levon is competitive.
C)Levon gets easily upset.
D)Levon is relaxed and easygoing.

Question 39

Rochelle's co-workers hate it when they are assigned to a project with her.She always takes control of the task,sets impossible deadlines,and goads the people with her into working overtime.It is likely Rochelle has a(n)______ personality.

A)antisocial
B)borderline
C)Type B
D)Type A

Question 40

Traci is aggressive,competitive,and ambitious.Lonnie is relaxed,cooperative,and patient.Finally,Morrie is anxious,tense,and pessimistic.Which individual is CORRECTLY paired with the behavior pattern he or she reflects?

A)Lonnie: Type B
B)Morrie: Type A
C)Traci: Type D
D)Traci: Type C

Question 41

A service agency distributes condoms and clean needles to sex workers to limit the spread of HIV.The agency also provides health education and psychological counseling to HIV+ individuals.The agency offers:

A)prevention programs.
B)health interventions.
C)both prevention programs and health interventions.
D)health adherence programs.

Question 42

John exercises to maintain a healthy weight.Gene exercises to lose weight.John is practicing ________.Gene is practicing ________.

A)an intervention; prevention
B)an intervention; an intervention,as well
C)prevention; prevention,as well
D)prevention; an intervention

Question 43

With respect to health care,which of the following statements is inaccurate?

A)Women are more likely to seek health care than are men.
B)African Americans are less likely to seek health care than are Caucasian Americans.
C)Hispanic Americans are less likely to seek health care than are Caucasian Americans.
D)Asian Americans report that they are only willing to seek medical care if they can visit a physician from their own cultural background.

Question 44

To what extent do people with symptoms of sexually transmitted infections or psychological disorders seek treatment for their conditions?

A)Most people with symptoms of these types of problems never seek treatment.
B)Only about half the people with symptoms of these types of conditions ultimately seek treatment.
C)About two-thirds of the people with symptoms of these types of conditions eventually seek treatment.
D)The vast majority of the people with symptoms of these types of conditions eventually seek treatment.

Question 45

In 2011,the country of ________ instituted a "Fat Tax" on sugary and fatty foods.The hope was that by making such products more expensive people would buy less of them,resulting in an overall increase in general health.

A)Serbia
B)Latvia
C)Laos
D)Denmark

Question 46

Geraldine believes that,eventually,high blood pressure may dramatically impair her health.This belief reflects the ______ component of the Health Belief Model.

A)susceptibility
B)severity
C)barriers
D)benefits

Question 47

Middle-aged Tom believes that his gums are likely to recede in the coming years and that he may well develop gingivitis.This belief reflects the ______ component of the Health Belief Model.

A)susceptibility
B)severity
C)barriers
D)benefits

Question 48

Which of the following elements of the Health Belief Model is correctly defined?

A)susceptibility - the general prevalence of a disease in the population
B)severity - the mortality rate associated with a particular form of illness
C)barriers - the real or psychological costs of a particular action
D)benefits - the long-term accrual of outcomes based on previous behavior

Question 49

Each of the following is a stage in the Stages of Change health model EXCEPT:

A)susceptibility.
B)precontemplation.
C)maintenance.
D)termination.

Question 50

Vaccination is to antibiotic as _______ is to _______.

A)intervention; prevention
B)prevention; intervention
C)alarm; resistance
D)resistance; alarm

Question 51

Years ago,and has never looked back.With respect to the Stages of Change model,Paul is in the _______ stage.

A)contemplation
B)termination
C)action
D)precontemplation

Question 52

Maura doesn't think about her drug use much.She has no plans to quit and doesn't see it as a "big deal." With respect to the Stages of Change model,Maura is in the _______ stage.

A)contemplation
B)termination
C)action
D)precontemplation

Question 53

Each night,Tamara attends a local Narcotics Anonymous meeting so that she may remain clean from her drug of choice.With respect to the Stages of Change model,Tamara is in the _______ stage.

A)contemplation
B)termination
C)action
D)precontemplation

Question 54

Mark feels that quitting smoking will greatly improve his cardiovascular health.This belief reflects the ______ component of the Health Belief Model.

A)susceptibility
B)severity
C)barriers
D)benefits

Question 55

Which of the following correlation coefficients is a researcher most likely to find between scores on a measure of the frequency of health promoting behaviors and scores on a measure of self-regulation?

A)-.25
B).05
C).30
D).85

Question 56

The idea behind the _____ of health behavior change is that your perceptions about health predict the likelihood that you will change your health behaviors.

A)Wellness Model
B)Health Belief Model
C)Health Promotion Theory
D)Stages of Change Model

Question 57

Which of the following is a stage in the Stages of Change health model?

A)susceptibility
B)severity
C)barriers
D)contemplation

Question 58

The term adherence refers to:

A)a stage in the Stages of Change model.
B)a component of the Health Beliefs Model.
C)the extent to which a person follows appropriate medical advice.
D)the effectiveness of a health behavior intervention.

Question 59

As compared to the Health Belief Model,the Stages of Change Model places more emphasis on:

A)environmental factors.
B)personality.
C)motivation.
D)cognition.

Question 60

With respect to models of health behavior,the first Stage of Change is:

A)maintenance.
B)precontemplation.
C)preparation.
D)contemplation.

Question 61

According to your text,those who follow medical advice are _____ times more likely to experience a good outcome following a health problem.

A)2
B)3
C)4
D)5

Question 62

Holmes and Rahe developed the Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS)to measure change due to:

A)natural disasters.
B)major life changes.
C)social difficulties.
D)negative life events.

Question 63

Events that cause a stress reaction are referred to as:

A)hassles.
B)catastrophes.
C)eustresses.
D)stressors.

Question 64

According to psychologist Richard Lazarus,our first task when faced with a potential stressor is to estimate its severity and to determine whether it is a challenge or threat.This evaluation is referred to as:

A)primary appraisal.
B)secondary appraisal.
C)stress-related decision.
D)hassle-related decision.

Question 65

Mary just received a traffic ticket but decided it is not worth being upset about.Mary just made a:

A)primary appraisal.
B)secondary appraisal.
C)stress-related decision.
D)hassle-related decision.

Question 66

_________ is the term used to describe the mental and physical tension that results from the inability to cope with a situation or event.

A)Stress
B)Burnout
C)Dysphoria
D)Distress

Question 67

An assessment that measures the amount of stress in a person's life resulting from major life changes over one year is called the:

A)secondary appraisal.
B)primary appraisal.
C)social readjustment rating scale.
D)college undergraduate stress scale.

Question 68

In the cognitive theory of stress,the evaluation of options and the consideration of available coping mechanisms when dealing with a stressor is called:

A)primary appraisal.
B)secondary appraisal.
C)alarm appraisal.
D)resistance appraisal.

Question 69

The perception-practicalities approach:

A)focuses on patients' intentional failures of adherence.
B)focuses on cultural differences in adherence.
C)focuses on unintentional failures of adherence.
D)recognizes that failures of adherence may be intentional or unintentional.

Question 70

The term hassles refers to:

A)minor health problems that cause a person to miss at least one day of work.
B)personal limitations that make it impossible for someone to pursue a desired goal.
C)the necessity to interact with persons we dislike in order to obtain our goals.
D)minor annoyances of everyday life.

Question 71

What proportion of patients fail to adhere to their doctors' orders?

A)one in ten
B)one in twenty
C)one in four
D)one in two

Question 72

According to the cognitive theory of stress,the most important determinant of stress is:

A)whether it is positive or negative in nature.
B)the individual's health status.
C)whether the person avoids or confronts the stressor.
D)the individual's interpretation of the stressor.

Question 73

The Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS)measures stress related to:

A)both positive and negative life events.
B)only negative life events.
C)only positive life events.
D)internal stressors.

Question 74

After hearing on the radio that his normal route to work is obstructed by a major traffic accident,Thuy decides to consider other routes.He realizes that he is in time to get off the highway before he hits traffic,go a back way,and still be at work with time to spare.Which part of Lazarus's theory has Thuy demonstrated in considering a new path to work?

A)primary appraisal
B)secondary appraisal
C)tertiary appraisal
D)quaternary appraisal

Question 75

When a person evaluates whether a stressor presents a challenge or a threat,they are engaging in:

A)a coping mechanism.
B)secondary appraisal.
C)primary appraisal.
D)resistance.

Question 76

Imagine that you have just flunked a class.You evaluate this situation and decide that flunking a class is stressful and important enough to be upset about.Next you decide to repeat the class in summer school and determine that you can afford the tuition to take the class again.You have made:

A)a primary appraisal only.
B)both a primary and a secondary appraisal.
C)a secondary appraisal.
D)a hassle-related decision.

Question 77

Hachi is working against a deadline.She must have a term paper written by 8 am tomorrow.The deadline is an example of a(n):

A)stress.
B)stressor.
C)stress response.
D)stress reaction.

Question 78

Burning your toast,having trouble opening an e-mail attachment,breaking a glass,and running late for an appointment are all examples of:

A)uplifts.
B)hassles.
C)downturns.
D)distress.

Question 79

Ross is fifteen minutes away from work when his car begins to chug and lurch.He pulls the vehicle off to the side of the road and the engine dies.Although distressed,he decides he can call his boss on the cell phone then walk to a nearby service station for help.Ross's reaction is an example of:

A)secondary appraisal.
B)primary appraisal.
C)the alarm stage.
D)the resistance stage.

Question 80

After we have decided that a certain event is a stressor,we must decide how we will deal with it and what resources are available for coping with the stressor.This process is called:

A)primary appraisal.
B)secondary appraisal.
C)tertiary appraisal.
D)distress-eustress dichotomy.