Deck 2: The Biological Perspective

Question 1

Specialized cells in the brain which send and receive information are called:

A)limbic cells.
B)neurons.
C)ganglia
D)gonads.

Answer 1

neurons.

Question 2

The system that relays messages in the form of electrochemical impulses throughout the body is called __________.

A)the arousal system
B)the nervous system
C)the limbic system
D)the endocrine system

Answer 2

the nervous system

Question 3

Neurons are:

A)cells in the brain that are believed to help clean and feed brain cells.
B)cells that send and receive information.
C)bundles of nerves.
D)chemical transmitters found in the hypothalamus.

Answer 3

cells that send and receive information.

Question 4

The cell which underlies the activity of the entire nervous system is the _________.

A)transmitter cell
B)amoeba
C)neuron
D)carcinoma

Question 5

The short fibers which extend from the neuron allowing it to receive messages from other neurons are __________.

A)axons
B)dendrites
C)nerve bundles
D)cell membranes

Question 6

The part of the neuron that carries outgoing messages either to another neuron or to a muscle or gland is the _________.

A)myelin sheath
B)axon
C)dendrite
D)cell body

Question 7

The myelin sheath:

A)is a special substance protecting the dendrites.
B)helps to speed up transmission of neural messages.
C)is responsible for polarization.
D)all of the above

Question 8

Dendrites:

A)may be up to a quarter of a mile long.
B)carry messages to cell bodies.
C)are primarily responsible for the hypothalamic functions of regulation and motivation of sexual functions.
D)are contained within the cell nucleus.

Question 9

Axons:

A)receive/detect neural impulses.
B)carry messages away from a cell body.
C)secrete chemicals to lubricate the cell body.
D)are found in the cell body.

Question 10

The part of the neuron that carries outgoing messages either to another neuron or to a muscle or gland is the

A)myelin sheath
B)axon
C)dendrite
D)cell body

Question 11

The purpose of the myelin sheath is to _________.

A)provide a place for respiration and metabolism to occur
B)carry messages from the spinal cord to the brain
C)insulate the neuron so it can act more efficiently
D)receive messages from outside the neuron and carry them to the cell nucleus

Question 12

The short fibers which extend from the neurons allowing it to receive messages from other neurons are

A)axons
B)dendrites
C)nerve bundles
D)synapses

Question 13

A long structure leaving the cell body that action potential travel along is called the __________.

A)cell membrane
B)dendrite
C)axon
D)myelin sheath

Question 14

Axons

A)may be up to a quarter of a mile long.
B)carry messages away from a cell body.
C)are primarily responsible for the hypothalamic functions of regulation and motivation of sexual functions.
D)are contained within the cell nucleus.

Question 15

The myelin sheath _______.

A)is a fatty substance protecting the dendrites
B)helps to speed up neural messages within the cell
C)is found in all neurons
D)protects the cell's vesicles

Question 16

The smallest unit in the nervous system is the _________.

A)dendrite
B)neuron
C)axon
D)myelin sheath

Question 17

A nerve impulse from one neuron affects the activity of a neighboring neuron at a point of interaction called the:

A)corpuscle.
B)synapse.
C)transmission cleft.
D)neuronal junction.

Question 18

The basic message-carrying cells of the nervous system are labeled:

A)dendrites.
B)neurons.
C)nerves.
D)ganglia.

Question 19

The three parts of every neuron are:

A)myelin;glia;cell body.
B)dendrite;cell body;axon.
C)glia;dendrite;axon.
D)myelin;cell body;dendrite.

Question 20

Neural messages travel faster on axons which

A)are polarized.
B)are not exposed to acetylcholine (ACh).
C)are located in the hypothalamus.
D)have a myelin sheath.

Question 21

The central nervous system consists of the __________.

A)parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions
B)brain and the spinal cord
C)muscles and glands
D)sense organs and sensory neurons

Question 22

The neural impulse traveling down the axon is _______;it gets across the synapse by _______.

A)electrical;remaining electrical but changing from positively charged to negatively charged
B)electrical;remaining electrical but changing from negatively charged to positively charged
C)electrical;being changed into a chemical message
D)chemical;being changed into an electrical message

Question 23

Which of the following is NOT true of all neurotransmitters?

A)They are chemicals.
B)They are stored in synaptic vesicles.
C)They are released across the synaptic space.
D)They increase the likelihood that the next neuron will fire.

Question 24

The brain is connected to the rest of the body via the:

A)corpus callosum.
B)spinal cord.
C)limbic system.
D)cranial nerve.

Question 25

Neurons in the brain that carry messages from one neuron to another and do most of the work of the nervous system are called __________.

A)afferent neurons
B)active neurons
C)efferent neurons
D)interneurons

Question 26

Endorphins

A)are found where neurons meet skeletal muscles
B)are less powerful than enkaphalins
C)reduce pain messages in the brain
D)are radically different in function from neurotransmitters

Question 27

The tiny space between the axon terminal and the dendrites of another neuron is called the __________.

A)synaptic vesicle
B)synaptic knob
C)synaptic cleft or gap
D)synapse

Question 28

The spinal cord:

A)connects the brain to the rest of the body.
B)is composed of nerve tissue.
C)can work independently of the brain.
D)all of the above

Question 29

When a neural impulse reaches the end of an axon,it causes the tiny oval sacs at the end of the axon to release chemicals called __________.

A)effectors
B)neurotransmitters
C)stimulants
D)ions

Question 30

The entire area composed of the axon terminal of one neuron,the synaptic cleft,and the dendrite,or cell body of the next neuron is called the _________.

A)synaptic vesicle
B)synaptic knob
C)synaptic space
D)synapse

Question 31

A young man reads in a letter that he has just won $1,000 in a state-wide lottery and he literally jumps for joy.Which neurons are sending messages from his brain to his legs ordering them to jump?

A)sensory neurons
B)motor neurons
C)interaction neurons
D)association neurons

Question 32

The nervous system is comprised of two major parts: __________.

A)the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system
B)the afferent nervous system and the efferent nervous system
C)the sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system
D)the brain and the spinal cord

Question 33

Most axon terminals contain a number of tiny oval sacs called __________.

A)synaptic vesicles
B)synaptic knobs
C)neurotransmitters
D)receptor sites

Question 34

Which of the following is true of neural impulses in a single neuron?

A)The neuron may fire during the absolute refractory period.
B)The strength of a neural impulse increases as the strength of the incoming message gets stronger.
C)The strength of a neural impulse decreases as the strength of the incoming message gets stronger.
D)The strength of a neural impulse is the same each time the neuron fires.

Question 35

The two major divisions of the central nervous system are:

A)left and right hemispheres.
B)the brain and autonomic systems.
C)brain and spinal cord.
D)peripheral and autonomic systems.

Question 36

A synapse is most important in:

A)separating the medulla from the hindbrain.
B)regulating the parasympathetic nervous system.
C)the process of transmitting messages between neurons.
D)connecting the basal ganglia.

Question 37

The brain is connected to the other parts of the nervous system by the ________.

A)spinal cord
B)corpus callosum
C)brainstem
D)peripheral nervous system

Question 38

Despite its dangers,a young man continues to take cocaine because of the feeling of euphoria it produces for him.This powerful arousal of his nervous system is probably due to cocaine's ability to:

A)inhibit enzymes that break down neurotransmitters.
B)increase the release of neurotransmitters.
C)block the receptor sites for neurotransmitters.
D)prevent neurotransmitters from being reabsorbed into the synaptic vesicles.

Question 39

The brain is part of the:

A)nervous system.
B)endocrine system.
C)thalamic system.
D)cranial system.

Question 40

The small gap between adjacent neurons is the:

A)glia.
B)myelin sheath.
C)synaptic gap.
D)terminal.

Question 41

Neurons whose primary purpose is to collect information from the sensory organs and carry that information to the spinal cord or brain are called __________.

A)afferent neurons
B)active neurons
C)efferent neurons
D)interneurons

Question 42

The part of the nervous system that allows the brain to regulate digestion,heart rate,and respiration without our conscious attention is the:

A)autonomic nervous system.
B)central nervous system.
C)somatic nervous system.
D)spinal cord.

Question 43

What kinds of neurons are connected to receptor cells in the skin,muscles,and joints?

A)peripheral neurons
B)interneurons
C)sensory neurons
D)motor neurons

Question 44

Which of the following most directly controls bodily reflexes?

A)peripheral nervous system
B)brainstem
C)spinal cord
D)hindbrain

Question 45

The branch of the autonomic nervous system that prepares the body for quick action in an emergency is the __________ division.

A)central
B)secondary
C)sympathetic
D)parasympathetic

Question 46

One evening Betty was walking to the dorm from the gym when she was stopped by two men who demanded her money.Since she was a good athlete,Betty decided to make a run for it.Pretending to open her purse,she suddenly turned and dashed off.Although pursued,Betty outran her assailants.During this incident,which part of Betty's nervous system was most directly responsible for her successful escape?

A)midbrain
B)parasympathetic nervous system
C)forebrain
D)sympathetic nervous system

Question 47

All nerve cells and fibers that are NOT in the brain or spinal cord make up the __________ nervous system.

A)central
B)peripheral
C)autonomic
D)sympathetic

Question 48

Calm is to aroused as _______ is to _______.

A)parasympathetic;sympathetic
B)autonomic;motor
C)sympathetic;parasympathetic
D)central;peripheral

Question 49

The process of digesting your last snack or meal or the unconscious regulation of your breathing are all primarily rooted in the __________ nervous system.

A)autonomic
B)limbic
C)somatic
D)secondary

Question 50

The autonomic nervous system has two divisions: __________.

A)central and peripheral
B)receptors and effectors
C)sympathetic and parasympathetic
D)limbic and endocrine

Question 51

The deer waits motionlessly,hidden in the thicket as the band of hunters approach.As they get closer,their dogs bark,picking up the scent of their prey.In a futile effort to escape,the deer bolts.Which of the following most accurately describes the nervous system of the hunted deer at this point?

A)Its sympathetic nerve fibers are more active than its parasympathetic nerve fibers.
B)Its parasympathetic nerve fibers are more active than its sympathetic nerve fibers.
C)Both its sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve fibers are equally active.
D)Neither its sympathetic nor its parasympathetic nerve fibers are aroused.

Question 52

Neurons whose primary purpose is to carry messages from the spinal cord or the brain to the muscles and glands are called __________.

A)afferent neurons
B)active neurons
C)efferent neurons
D)interneurons

Question 53

The autonomic nervous system is divided into two parts.These are termed the __________ nervous systems.

A)ascending and descending
B)frontal and temporal
C)left and right
D)parasympathetic and sympathetic

Question 54

The nervous system called the "fight or flight" system is the _______ system.

A)central
B)parasympathetic
C)somatic
D)sympathetic

Question 55

A young woman returns from a day at the beach to find she has developed a severe sunburn.Which neurons are sending the messages from her burned skin to her brain informing her of the pain from the burn?

A)sensory neurons
B)motor neurons
C)synaptic neurons
D)association neurons

Question 56

The division of the nervous system that connects the brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body is the __________ system.

A)peripheral nervous
B)endocrine
C)central nervous
D)secondary nervous

Question 57

The nervous system is comprised of two parts: ________.

A)the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system
B)the afferent nervous system and the efferent nervous system
C)the sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system
D)the brain and the spinal cord

Question 58

The autonomic nervous system is responsible for:

A)controlling the skeletal muscles.
B)sending sensory input to the brain.
C)making choices and decisions.
D)the activity of internal organs and glands.

Question 59

The autonomic and somatic nervous systems are divisions of the _______ system.

A)central
B)parasympathetic
C)peripheral
D)sympathetic

Question 60

The parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions make up the:

A)motor cortex.
B)endocrine system.
C)autonomic nervous system.
D)neocortex.

Question 61

The cerebellum __________.

A)controls blood pressure
B)is involved in emotional behavior
C)coordinates actions so that movements are efficient
D)relays messages from the sensory receptors

Question 62

The part of the hindbrain that controls such things as breathing,heart rate,and blood pressure is the __________.

A)cerebral cortex
B)pons
C)medulla
D)cerebellum

Question 63

The cerebellum __________.

A)controls blood pressure
B)is involved in emotional behavior
C)coordinates actions so that movements are efficient
D)relays messages from the sensory receptors

Question 64

A victim of a car wreck with head injuries,whose involuntary bodily processes (breathing,heartbeat,etc. )have been disturbed,probably has had damage done to the _______.

A)hindbrain
B)pons
C)medulla
D)forebrain

Question 65

The limbic system is responsible for ___________.

A)filtering incoming messages to the brain
B)connecting the brain to most of the rest of the body
C)fighting disease organisms that attempt to infect the brain
D)controlling learning and emotional behavior

Question 66

It's midnight,and you are alone in your room studying.You hear a loud crash outside your room,and your whole body reacts instantly and furiously.The system that produces these reactions is the ________ system.

A)central nervous
B)sympathetic nervous
C)parasympathetic nervous
D)limbic

Question 67

The structure in the center of the forebrain that relays sensory information is called the __________.

A)medulla
B)hypothalamus
C)pons
D)thalamus

Question 68

A neuroanatomist destroyed a dog's reticular formation to determine its function.Of the following,which is the most likely result? The dog:

A)could no longer hear.
B)could no longer see.
C)lapsed into a complete and irreversible coma.
D)became hyper alert and no longer slept normally.

Question 69

When the sympathetic nervous system assumes control of the involuntary bodily processes during a stressful situation,which of the following changes is likely to occur?

A)digestion stops
B)less blood is pumped to muscles
C)air passages become smaller
D)sweat glands are less active

Question 70

A young woman recovering from a blow to her head finds she has great difficulty maintaining her balance and coordinating her movements.Injury to which part of her brain is likely to be causing her difficulties?

A)cerebellum
B)medulla
C)cerebral cortex
D)thalamus

Question 71

The limbic system is most closely connected to the __________.

A)hypothalamus
B)endocrine system
C)frontal lobes
D)thalamus

Question 72

The structure in the hindbrain that controls certain reflexes and coordinates the body's movements is the __________.

A)medulla
B)cerebellum
C)pons
D)reticular formation

Question 73

The medulla,pons,and cerebellum are all part of the:

A)midbrain.
B)hindbrain.
C)spinal cord.
D)forebrain.

Question 74

The brain's "relay station" is the _______.

A)hypothalamus
B)medulla
C)pons
D)thalamus

Question 75

Damage to the medulla can seriously impair one's ability to:

A)sing.
B)write.
C)breathe.
D)metabolize food.

Question 76

The part of the brain which controls breathing,heartbeat,and posture is the

A)pituitary gland.
B)neocortex.
C)hypothalamus.
D)medulla.

Question 77

If the limbic system were destroyed,which of the following structures would be damaged?

A)cerebellum and corpus callosum
B)cerebellum and amygdala
C)amygdala and hippocampus
D)hippocampus and corpus callosum

Question 78

If you are shot in the head and there is damage to the medulla this can seriously impair your ability to

A)sing.
B)write.
C)breathe.
D)urinate.

Question 79

The part of the hindbrain that largely controls breathing,heart rate,and blood pressure is the ______________.

A)cerebral cortex
B)pons
C)medulla
D)cerebellum

Question 80

A young woman recovering from a blow to her head finds she has great difficulty maintaining her balance and coordinating her movements.Injury to which part of her brain is likely to be causing her difficulties?

A)cerebellum
B)medulla
C)cerebral cortex
D)thalamus