Question 1

In Teresa Amabile's classic study,what was the independent variable?&#10;A)the different instructions she gave her participants&#10;B)the artwork her participants did&#10;C)the amount of time her participants worked on the art&#10;D)the size of the prizes that the best art received

Accepted Answer

The independent variable in Teresa Amabile's study was the different instructions given to participants, as this was the variable that was manipulated to observe its effect on creativity.

Question 2

Who claimed that behavior is affected by reinforcement?&#10;A)William James&#10;B)Sigmund Freud&#10;C)B)F.Skinner&#10;D)Wilhelm Wundt

Accepted Answer

The concept of reinforcement theory was proposed by B.F. Skinner, where he argued that behavior is influenced by reinforcement, meaning that behavior that is followed by positive consequences is more likely to be repeated, while behavior that is followed by negative consequences is less likely to be repeated.

Question 3

Which research method involves watching behaviors as they occur without intervening or altering the behaviors in any way?&#10;A)case study&#10;B)experiment&#10;C)correlational studies&#10;D)naturalistic observation

Accepted Answer

Naturalistic observation involves observing behaviors as they occur in their natural setting without any intervention or alteration. This method is useful for studying behaviors that cannot be ethically manipulated or controlled in a laboratory setting.

Question 4

Which of the following statements concerning critical thinking is incorrect?&#10;A)There are few truths that need not be tested.&#10;B)All evidence is not equal in quality.&#10;C)Some authorities should not be questioned.&#10;D)Critical thinking requires an open mind.

Accepted Answer

Critical thinking involves questioning all sources of information, including authority figures. Therefore, the statement "some authorities should not be questioned" is incorrect.

Question 5

The question &#34;What is happening?&#34; refers to which of the following goals in psychology?&#10;A)description&#10;B)explanation&#10;C)prediction&#10;D)control

Accepted Answer

The goal of description in psychology is to accurately observe and report what is happening or occurring in a particular situation. The question "What is happening?" is asking for a description of the current state or events, making A the best answer.

Question 6

Which perspective assumes that human behavior may have developed in certain directions because it served a useful function in preserving the species?&#10;A)psychoanalysis&#10;B)behaviorism&#10;C)cognitive psychology&#10;D)evolutionary psychology

Accepted Answer

Evolutionary psychology assumes that human behavior may have developed in certain directions because it served a useful function in preserving the species. This perspective focuses on how psychological mechanisms have evolved to solve adaptive problems faced by our ancestors.

Question 7

What is one of the major reasons that psychologists use operational definitions?&#10;A)to comply with legal requirements&#10;B)to identify all the extraneous variables&#10;C)so that effects can be measured&#10;D)to explain research results so that nonpsychologists can understand

Accepted Answer

Operational definitions are used by psychologists to define the specific procedures or actions used to measure or manipulate a variable in order to ensure that the effects can be measured objectively and accurately. It helps to increase the reliability and replicability of research findings.

Question 8

&#34;Children who watch violent cartoons will become more aggressive.&#34; According to the scientific method,this statement is most likely a ____________.&#10;A)conclusion&#10;B)result&#10;C)hypothesis&#10;D)fact

Accepted Answer

The statement is a hypothesis because it suggests a cause-and-effect relationship between watching violent cartoons and becoming more aggressive, but it hasn't been proven yet. The scientific method involves testing hypotheses through experimentation and data collection to support or disprove them.

Question 9

A(n)is a measure of how strongly two variables are related to one another.&#10;A)independent variable&#10;B)dependent variable&#10;C)experimental effect&#10;D)correlation

Accepted Answer

Correlation is the measure of how strongly two variables are related to one another. Option A refers to a variable that is manipulated in an experiment. Option B refers to a variable that is being measured in an experiment. Option C refers to the change in a dependent variable that can be attributed to an independent variable in an experiment.

Question 10

Which of the following statements is correct concerning critical thinking and astrology?&#10;A)Although there are many skeptics,astrology has strong evidence suggesting it is a valid science.&#10;B)Research shows no connection between astrological signs and personality.&#10;C)Astrology is used by a lot of people.&#10;D)Astrology is based on stars and,therefore,it is scientific.

Accepted Answer

Critical thinking involves evaluating evidence and claims based on empirical evidence and scientific evidence. Research has consistently shown no connection between astrological signs and personality, indicating that astrology is not a valid science. Therefore, option B is the correct statement. Option A is incorrect as there is no strong evidence supporting astrology as a valid science. Option C is irrelevant as the popularity of astrology does not determine its validity. Option D is incorrect as astrology is not considered a scientific discipline.

Deck 1: C: The Science of Psychology