Question 1

Freud said phobias were ____________ whereas Watson said phobias were __________.&#10;A)learned;inherited&#10;B)repressed conflicts;learned&#10;C)sexual;unconscious&#10;D)conditioned;unconditioned

Accepted Answer

Freud believed that phobias were a manifestation of repressed conflicts, often stemming from early childhood experiences. On the other hand, John B. Watson, a behaviorist, argued that phobias were learned through experiences, particularly through classical conditioning, as demonstrated in his famous Little Albert experiment.

Question 2

The term ___________________________ refers to a mental health professional who generally has at least an M.S.W.and who typically treats individual dysfunction and family problems but may also deal
With other problems such as addiction or abuse.

A)psychiatric social worker
B)psychiatrist
C)psychoanalyst
D)educational psychologist

psychiatric social worker

Accepted Answer

The term "psychiatric social worker" specifically refers to a mental health professional with at least an M.S.W. who treats individual dysfunction and family problems, as well as other issues such as addiction or abuse. Psychiatrists and psychoanalysts have different education and training requirements, and educational psychologists typically focus on the academic and social-emotional development of children and adolescents within educational settings.

Question 3

Who was an early proponent of functionalism?&#10;A)Ivan Pavlov&#10;B)William James&#10;C)Wilhelm Wundt&#10;D)Max Wertheimer

Accepted Answer

William James was an early proponent of functionalism, which emphasized the adaptive functions of behavior and focused on how behavior helps individuals adapt to their environments.

Question 4

A negative correlation means that ______________________.&#10;A)high values of one variable are associated with low values of the other&#10;B)high values of one variable are associated with high values of the other&#10;C)low values of one variable are associated with low values of the other&#10;D)there is no relationship between the two variables

Accepted Answer

A negative correlation means that as one variable increases, the other variable decreases. Therefore, high values of one variable are associated with low values of the other.

Question 5

Which goal of psychology is most closely met through naturalistic observation?&#10;A)altering behavior&#10;B)predicting behavior&#10;C)describing behavior&#10;D)controlling behavior

Accepted Answer

Naturalistic observation is most closely associated with the goal of describing behavior. This involves observing and documenting behavior in a natural setting without any intervention or manipulation by the researcher. This type of observation is useful for gaining a better understanding of how individuals and groups behave in their natural environment. However, it is not typically used for altering, predicting, or controlling behavior.

Question 6

A detailed description of a particular individual being studied or treated is called ______________________.&#10;A)a representative sample&#10;B)a case study&#10;C)a single-blind study&#10;D)a naturalistic observation

Accepted Answer

A detailed description of a particular individual being studied or treated is called a case study. A representative sample refers to a group of individuals chosen to represent a larger population, a single-blind study refers to a research design where the participants are unaware of the treatment they are receiving, and a naturalistic observation is a research method where behaviors are observed in their natural settings without any manipulation or interference.

Question 7

______________________ is an experiment in which participants do not know if they are in the experimental or the control group but the experimenters do know which participants are part of which grou&#10;A)The double-blind study&#10;B)Field research&#10;C)The single-blind study&#10;D)Correlational research

Accepted Answer

In a single-blind study, participants do not know if they are in the experimental or control group, but the experimenters do know which participants are part of which group. The purpose of this design is to prevent bias or expectations from influencing the results of the study. In a double-blind study, both the participants and the experimenters do not know which group the participants are in. Field research and correlational research are different types of research designs that do not involve experimental groups.

Question 8

Experimenters can justify the use of deception because ___________.&#10;A)there is informed consent&#10;B)research is more important than people&#10;C)it may be necessary for the experiment to work&#10;D)it is not that harmful

Accepted Answer

Experimenters may use deception if it is necessary for the experiment to work. However, they must weigh the potential benefits against the potential harm to the participants and ensure that they uphold ethical principles such as obtaining informed consent and minimizing harm. The other options (A, B, and D) are incorrect because informed consent is not enough to justify deception, research should never be deemed more important than people, and any level of harm to participants is not acceptable.

Question 9

Which perspective focuses on free will and self-actualization?&#10;A)psychoanalysis&#10;B)humanism&#10;C)cognitive perspective&#10;D)behaviorism

Accepted Answer

The humanistic perspective focuses on the innate goodness of individuals, their capacity for growth, free will, and self-actualization. It emphasizes personal choice and responsibility for actions, and the need for positive relationships and social connections.

Question 10

The goals of psychology are to _____.&#10;A)explore the conscious and unconscious functions of the human mind&#10;B)understand,compare,and analyze human behavior&#10;C)improve psychological well-being in all individuals from birth until death&#10;D)describe,understand,predict,and control behavior

Accepted Answer

The goals of psychology are to describe, understand, predict, and control behavior. Option A is one aspect of describing, Option B is part of understanding and comparing human behavior, and Option C is relevant to improving well-being but not a goal of psychology specifically.

Deck 1: B: The Science of Psychology