Deck 13: A: Psychological Therapies

Question 1

Lulu sees a therapist once a week.During her therapy sessions,she discusses issues and events that have impacted her life.Her therapist helps her to understand how these events and issues have affected her.The type of therapy Lulu is seeking is called ______________.

A)psychotherapy
B)biomedical therapy
C)physical therapy
D)electroconvulsive shock therapy

Answer 1

psychotherapy

Question 2

Therapies aimed mainly at understanding one's motives and actions are referred to as _________________.

A)action therapies
B)insight therapies
C)biomedical therapies
D)relationship therapies

Answer 2

insight therapies

Question 3

A client lies on a couch with the therapist sitting out of sight behind her.The therapist gets to know the client's problems through free association and positive and negative transference.This is an example of ______ therapy.

A)psychoanalytic
B)behavior
C)person-centered
D)rational-emotive

Answer 3

psychoanalytic

Question 4

The kind of therapy that uses biological treatments such as medication,surgical methods,and electrical shock treatments to bring about changes in the person's disordered behavior is called__________________.

A)psychotherapy
B)biomedical therapy
C)physical therapy
D)electroconvulsive shock therapy

Question 5

Which of the following is a key component of Freud's theory of psychoanalysis?

A)cognition
B)empathy
C)dream interpretation
D)unconditional positive regard

Question 6

The first truly organized effort to house mentally ill persons began in England in the 16^th century and was called _________________.

A)The Bicetre Asylum
B)Bethlehem
C)The Pinel Asylum
D)London General Hospital

Question 7

Therapies directed at changing the disordered behavior are referred to as __________.

A)action therapies
B)insight therapies
C)biomedical therapies
D)relationship therapies

Question 8

The kind of therapy that involves talking things out with a professional is called__________________.

A)psychotherapy
B)biomedical therapy
C)physical therapy
D)electroconvulsive shock therapy

Question 9

According to Freud,the ___________ of the dream refers to the client's memory of the things,people,and events in the dream.

A)manifest content
B)free association
C)latent content
D)resistance

Question 10

_______________ formed a large part of Freud's psychoanalytic method.

A)Reflection
B)Empathy
C)Dream interpretation
D)Unconditional positive regard

Question 11

Psychoanalysis was a therapy technique designed by ______.

A)Alfred Adler
B)Carl Rogers
C)Fritz Perls
D)Sigmund Freud

Question 12

In interpreting a dream,a psychoanalyst would attempt to discover the dream's__________.

A)latent content
B)manifest content
C)symbolic content
D)psychological content

Question 13

Omar is currently undergoing psychoanalysis.His therapist asks him to keep a journal by his bed and write down his dreams immediately upon awakening.Omar brings his journal to therapy and discusses his dreams with his therapist.Omar's therapist is attempting to do which of the following?

A)uncover repressed material
B)facilitate positive transference
C)create resistance within the client
D)facilitate unconditional positive regard

Question 14

A therapist is interested in helping her client get a clearer understanding of his motives and actions.This therapist is most likely to be a/an ____________.

A)action therapist
B)insight therapist
C)biomedical therapist
D)relationship therapist

Question 15

Lulu sees a professional once a month to manage the medication she is taking to help alleviate the symptoms of her anxiety disorder.The type of therapy Lulu is undergoing is called ______________.

A)psychotherapy
B)biomedical therapy
C)physical therapy
D)electroconvulsive shock therapy

Question 16

A therapist is interested in helping his client change his disordered behavior.This therapist is most likely to be a/an ____________.

A)action therapist
B)insight therapist
C)biomedical therapist
D)relationship therapist

Question 17

You are a contestant on Jeopardy! and it is your turn.You say,"I'll take History of Therapies for $100." The answer is,"He began the movement for humane treatment of the mentally ill." The smile on your face reveals the confidence you have as you say______________.

A)"Who was Sigmund Freud?"
B)"Who was Carl Rogers?"
C)"Who was Philippe Pinel?"
D)"Who was Abraham Maslow?"

Question 18

Dr.Shedrika uses a form of therapy that emphasizes revealing his clients' unconscious conflicts,urges,and desires,which he believes are the cause of his clients' disordered emotions and behavior.This therapist is most likely using ________.

A)behavior therapy
B)psychoanalysis
C)Gestalt therapy
D)systematic desensitization

Question 19

According to Sigmund Freud,when you awaken in the morning and remember a dream,you recall the dream's___________.

A)latent content
B)deep meaning
C)surface meaning
D)manifest content

Question 20

The major goal of insight therapies is to give people ______.

A)feedback from their biologically controlled responses
B)help in understanding perceptual processes
C)basic training in observational learning and practice
D)clearer understanding of their feelings,motivations,and actions

Question 21

What is the primary goal of the therapist in person-centered therapy?

A)to facilitate transference
B)to eliminate the client's undesirable behaviors
C)to provide unconditional positive regard
D)to help the client become more aware of his or her own feelings

Question 22

Judy's therapist listens to her without interruption and judgment.She provides Judy with warmth and respect,without any conditions attached.Her therapist is demonstrating______________.

A)reflection
B)genuineness
C)unconditional positive regard
D)nondirective countertransference

Question 23

Modern psychoanalysts differ from traditional Freudian psychoanalysts in that they focus on the ______ as a motivating force of behavior,and they favor ______ their patients.

A)id;face-to-face discussions with
B)ego;face-to-face discussions with
C)id;sitting behind and passively listening to
D)ego;sitting behind and passively listening to

Question 24

Which of the following is a key component of Rogers's person-centered therapy?

A)cognition
B)resistance
C)dream interpretation
D)unconditional positive regard

Question 25

Which of the following individuals would be least likely to benefit from psychoanalysis?

A)Mary,who has a somatoform disorder
B)Kaleem,who suffers from a severe psychotic disorder
C)Pasha,who has panic attacks
D)Lou,who suffers from anxiety

Question 26

Joe has been undergoing psychoanalysis for several months.Over the past few weeks,he has become unwilling to talk about his relationship with his father and becomes uncomfortable when thoughts of him enter his mind during therapy.What process would the therapist say is occurring?

A)insight
B)reactance
C)resistance
D)transference

Question 27

According to Carl Rogers,the __________is how people see their actual traits and abilities.

A)ideal self
B)real self
C)ego
D)id

Question 28

In positive transference,the patient may transfer her positive feelings for ______.

A)her analyst onto herself
B)her parents onto her analyst
C)her parents onto herself
D)herself onto her parents

Question 29

During free association,a patient may become unwilling to talk about certain topics.What term would a psychoanalyst use to describe this change in the patient's willingness to verbalize?

A)insight
B)reactance
C)resistance
D)transference

Question 30

Free association is a technique used in ______ therapy.

A)psychoanalytic
B)rational-emotive
C)person-centered
D)Gestalt

Question 31

As Celine begins to reveal more and more of her innermost thoughts and feelings to her therapist,she begins to feel good about him as well as accepted by him.She develops a sense of trust,particularly because he does not criticize her.What process is occurring?

A)unconditional positive regard
B)insight
C)negative transference
D)positive transference

Question 32

In negative transference,the patient transfers his negative feelings for ______.

A)his analyst onto his parent
B)his parents onto his analyst
C)himself onto his parents
D)his parents onto himself

Question 33

Steve is 21 years old and has never gone on a date.His parents are concerned and take him to see a therapist.The therapist tells Steve to lie down on the couch and relax.The therapist sits behind Steve and asks him to say whatever comes into his head.Steve eventually talks about his fear of women,which leads him to think about his early experiences with women: his mother,her friends,his teachers,and so on.Steve's therapist is using ______.

A)counterconditioning
B)pole-shifting
C)free association
D)the empty chair technique

Question 34

Mario has always had trouble dealing with his parents as authority figures.During psychoanalysis,he reacts to the analyst in a negative manner whenever the therapist says something that reminds him of his parents' control over him.What process would Freud say is occurring?

A)positive transference
B)resistance
C)negative transference
D)countertransference

Question 35

Person-centered therapy is a type of ______ therapy.

A)insight
B)behavior
C)cognitive
D)reality

Question 36

What did Carl Rogers view as a cause of most personal problems and unhappiness?

A)reinforcement of maladaptive behavior patterns
B)unrealistic modes of thought employed by many people
C)mismatch between an individual's ideal self and real self
D)unresolved unconscious conflicts occurring between the id and superego

Question 37

According to Carl Rogers,the __________is how people think they should be.

A)ideal self
B)real self
C)ego
D)id

Question 38

The psychoanalytic patient who lets her thoughts flow without interruption or fear of negative criticism from her therapist is using ______.

A)dream interpretation
B)positive transference
C)regression
D)free association

Question 39

According to Freud,the ___________ of the dream refers to the hidden,symbolic meaning of the dream,which,if correctly interpreted,reveals the unconscious conflicts that created the nervous disorder.

A)manifest content
B)free association
C)latent content
D)resistance

Question 40

Which of the following individuals would be considered a good candidate for psychoanalysis?

A)Mary,who is extremely withdrawn
B)Kaleem,who suffers from a severe psychotic disorder
C)Pasha,who is unable to verbally express her thoughts and feelings
D)Lou,who suffers from anxiety

Question 41

Gestalt therapy is an outgrowth of the work of ______.

A)Lazarus
B)Wolpe
C)Rogers
D)Perls

Question 42

The person-centered therapist has to be able to acknowledge and understand what the client is feeling and experiencing.This process is referred to as ________________.

A)conditions of worth
B)empathy
C)catharsis
D)unconditional positive regard

Question 43

Which of the following is an advantage of person-centered therapy?

A)Clients do not need to be verbal.
B)There is too much empirical research about it.
C)It is one of the best approaches for treating serious disorders.
D)The therapist does not run the risk of having his or her words misinterpreted by the client.

Question 44

In Gestalt therapy,the therapist is ______ and ______.

A)passive;nondirective
B)passive;directive
C)active;nondirective
D)active;directive

Question 45

Craig is currently in therapy to help him stop smoking.His therapist is using learning techniques to help him modify his smoking habit and develop more desirable behaviors.Craig's therapist is using________.

A)behavior modification
B)empty chair technique
C)reflection
D)selective thinking

Question 46

Gestalt therapy emphasizes ______.

A)the here-and-now
B)early childhood influences on adult behavior
C)the role of unsatisfactory relationships in the development of maladaptive behaviors
D)finding the initial causes of current problems

Question 47

Therapeutic approaches that are based on the belief that all normal and abnormal behavior is learned are ______ therapies.

A)traditional psychodynamic
B)behavior
C)short-term psychodynamic
D)cognitive

Question 48

Dr.Graham listens to Maria's statements and then restates what he feels is Maria's message and describes her emotions.What type of therapy is Dr.Graham practicing?

A)behavior
B)cognitive
C)psychoanalytic
D)person-centered

Question 49

The therapist's feeling of respect and affection for the client that exists without any strings attached,no matter what the client may say or do,is called __________.

A)conditions of worth
B)empathy
C)catharsis
D)unconditional positive regard

Question 50

Carl Rogers's person-centered approach is considered ________ because the client actually does all the real work,with the therapist merely acting as a sounding board.

A)directive
B)nondirective
C)behavioral
D)cognitive

Question 51

Which of the following individuals would be considered a good candidate for humanistic therapy?

A)Mary,who is extremely withdrawn
B)Kaleem,who suffers from a severe psychotic disorder
C)Pasha,who is unable to verbally express her thoughts and feelings
D)Lou,who is seeking a career change

Question 52

Which of the following is a limitation of humanistic therapy?

A)Clients do not need to be verbal.
B)There is not enough empirical research to support its basic ideas.
C)It cannot be used in a variety of contexts.
D)The therapist runs the risk of having his or her words misinterpreted by the client.

Question 53

Imagine if Sigmund Freud were to go to Carl Rogers for therapy.Freud's major complaint is depression due to distress over the lack of positive response to his theories.What is Rogers most likely to say during their session?

A)"You seem troubled by the reaction to your work."
B)"Let's focus on your relationship with your father."
C)"Why do you think that everyone must appreciate your work?"
D)"Say the first thing that comes to your mind;don't censor anything because I want to know what is truly on your mind."

Question 54

What do behavior therapists see as the cause of abnormal or undesirable behaviors?

A)learning
B)unconscious conflicts
C)distortions in thinking
D)discrepancy between the real self and ideal self

Question 55

The person-centered therapist must show a genuine,open,and honest response to the client.This is called_____________.

A)empathy
B)resistance
C)authenticity
D)unconditional positive regard

Question 56

Your friend tells you that his therapist is a Gestalt therapist.You ask him to describe what might happen in one of his therapy sessions.Which of the following is his most likely answer?

A)"I am asked by the therapist to relax and meditate."
B)"During the session I sometimes talk to an empty chair."
C)"The therapist asks me to describe the details of the dreams I have had recently."
D)"The therapist evaluates the factual basis of my statements to identify logical inconsistencies."

Question 57

Gestalt therapy is considered ________ because the therapist leads the client through a number of planned exercises as well as confronts the client's statements.

A)directive
B)nondirective
C)behavioral
D)cognitive

Question 58

The use of learning techniques to modify or change undesirable behavior and increase desirable behaviors is called_______.

A)behavior modification
B)empty chair technique
C)reflection
D)selective thinking

Question 59

____________ therapies have been used not only to treat mental disorders but also to help people make career choices,deal with workplace problems,and as a form of marriage counseling.

A)Humanistic
B)Psychoanalytic
C)Biomedical
D)Biological

Question 60

What is a major goal of the Gestalt therapist?

A)to facilitate transference
B)to eliminate the client's undesirable behaviors
C)to provide unconditional positive regard
D)to help clients become more aware of their own feelings

Question 61

Which of the following techniques would be most appropriate for treating overeating or smoking?

A)flooding
B)systematic desensitization
C)aversion therapy
D)token economy

Question 62

Which of the following is a therapy based on the principles of operant conditioning?

A)systematic desensitization
B)flooding
C)aversion therapy
D)token economy

Question 63

________ has been used successfully in helping children who have a fear of going to the dentist,social withdrawal,obsessive-compulsive behaviors,and phobias.

A)Modeling
B)Transference
C)Voyeurism
D)Empathy

Question 64

Hiram has learned to seek attention by engaging in inappropriate behaviors by watching his brother receive attention for hitting and biting and then imitating his behavior.Hiram has learned to seek attention by engaging in inappropriate behaviors by using which of the following techniques?

A)reinforcement
B)token economy
C)modeling
D)extinction

Question 65

Juan is so afraid of germs that he wears gloves when opening doors.He is encouraged by his therapist to imitate a person in a video who demonstrates opening a door,step-by-step,without wearing gloves.Which technique is his therapist using?

A)systematic desensitization
B)token economy
C)participant modeling
D)extinction

Question 66

Which of the following is a therapy based on the principles of classical conditioning?

A)systematic desensitization
B)contingency contract
C)token economy
D)reinforcement

Question 67

At Skinner Elementary School,teachers pass out "skinner bucks" to students who turn in papers on time,obey the teacher,and finish their homework.The paper "bucks" can be traded in at the end of the week for special treats or game-playing time on the classroom computer.This system most resembles a________.

A)participant modeling technique
B)contingency contract
C)group extinction procedure
D)token economy

Question 68

The form of behavioral therapy in which an undesirable behavior is paired with an unpleasant stimulus to reduce the frequency of the behavior is called_______.

A)token economy
B)operant conditioning
C)aversion therapy
D)participant modeling

Question 69

_________ strengthens a response by following it with the removal of an unpleasant stimulus.

A)Positive reinforcement
B)Punishment
C)Negative reinforcement
D)Extinction

Question 70

Every time Jarrad opens his cigarette case or uses his lighter,he gets a painful electric shock.Jarrad's friends and family have been asked not to give him any cigarettes or light any cigarettes for him,so he must use his own lighter if he wants to smoke.Eventually,Jarrad loses his desire to smoke,thanks to ______.

A)negative transference
B)behavioral contracting
C)systematic desensitization
D)aversion conditioning

Question 71

A technique for treating phobias and other stress disorders in which the person is suddenly exposed to the fear-provoking situation or object in an intense way and is prevented from making the usual avoidance or escape response is called __________.

A)systematic desensitization
B)flooding
C)paradoxical intent
D)aversive therapy

Question 72

The strengthening of a response by following it with a pleasurable consequence or removing an unpleasant stimulus is called________.

A)reinforcement
B)modeling
C)punishment
D)extinction

Question 73

Which method of treating phobias involves progressive relaxation and exposure to the feared object?

A)extinction
B)punishment
C)token economy
D)systematic desensitization

Question 74

_________ strengthens a response by following it with a pleasurable consequence.

A)Positive reinforcement
B)Punishment
C)Negative reinforcement
D)Extinction

Question 75

Julie has a fear of riding in elevators.She is seeing a therapist who asks her to construct a hierarchy of her fears related to riding in elevators.In addition,her therapist is teaching her to relax while imagining each fear in the hierarchy.Julie's therapist is using__________.

A)person-centered therapy
B)rational-emotive therapy
C)systematic desensitization
D)cognitive consistency therapy

Question 76

Iram is afraid of snakes.In an effort to help him overcome his fear,his therapist has him enter a room where there are dozens of snakes and has him hold them.Iram is not permitted to leave the room until the therapy session is completed.Iram's therapist is using______.

A)systematic desensitization
B)flooding
C)paradoxical intent
D)aversion therapy

Question 77

What is an advantage of using operant conditioning in treating undesirable behaviors?

A)The results are usually quickly obtained.
B)Clients can get an understanding of the underlying cause of the problem.
C)Unconscious urges are revealed.
D)Clients can change distorted thought patterns that affect behavior.

Question 78

For which of these problems would systematic desensitization most likely be used?

A)Joe has been depressed for two years.
B)Ken is sexually attracted to young children.
C)As a result of schizophrenia,David does not interact with members of his family.
D)A fear of heights restricts Alice's enrollment to classes that meet on the first floor.

Question 79

Estella is afraid of cats.To help her overcome her fear,her mother calmly pets and strokes a cat while Estella is watching.Her mother encourages her to imitate her behavior.Estella's mother is using_________.

A)reinforcement
B)token economy
C)modeling
D)extinction

Question 80

The process of learning through the observation and imitation of others is called ______.

A)modeling
B)free association
C)voyeurism
D)flooding