Deck 13: Theories of Personality

Question 1

Freud's emphasis on sex and sexual development was mostly due to __________.

A)his own problems with sexuality.
B)the culture within which he and his patients existed at the time.
C)an increase in sexual deviancy across Europe in the nineteenth century.
D)the influence of his colleagues.

Answer 1

the culture within which he and his patients existed at the time.

Question 2

The five-factor model of personality traits includes all but which of the following?

A)openness
B)self-sufficiency
C)extraversion
D)neuroticism

Answer 2

self-sufficiency

Question 3

Which of the following is the definition of personality?

A)the characteristics with which each person is born
B)the moral and ethical behavior of a person
C)the unique way an individual thinks,feels,and acts
D)changes in behavior according to experiences

Answer 3

the unique way an individual thinks,feels,and acts

Question 4

According to Adler,middle children tend to be __________.

A)overachieving.
B)competitive.
C)resentful of the freedom of the older child.
D)filled with feelings of inferiority.

Question 5

The striving for fulfillment of one's potential is called __________.

A)self-concept.
B)self-efficacy.
C)self-actualization.
D)locus of control.

Question 6

Dr.Jackson is constantly late for her classes and often shows up late for her office hours,leaving students waiting in the hallway outside her door for nearly an hour at times.Using the fivefactor model,which dimension would show a very low score for Dr.Jackson?

A)self-sufficiency
B)openness
C)agreeableness
D)conscientiousness

Question 7

Three-year-old Brandon has watched his father,a chef,when he prepares meals for the family.This year,Brandon has asked for a play kitchen for his birthday.Freud would say that Brandon is beginning the process of __________ as a way of resolving his Oedipal conflict.

A)compensation
B)identification
C)sublimation
D)denial

Question 8

The __________ develops in the __________ stage as a result of identification.

A)ego;oral
B)id;oral
C)superego;phallic
D)superego;latency

Question 9

How many source traits did Cattell use in developing his personality inventory?

A)5
B)10
C)16
D)23

Question 10

Research has begun to show some support for which of Freud's concepts?

A)the existence of an id,ego,and superego
B)the order of the psychosexual stages
C)the concept of an unconscious mind
D)the existence of the Oedipus complex

Question 11

According to Rogers,anxiety and neurotic behavior result from __________.

A)unconscious conflicts and desires.
B)a mismatch between the real self and ideal self.
C)receiving too much unconditional positive regard from significant others.
D)learned habits of behavior.

Question 12

Which of the following viewpoints has different goals from the other three?

A)psychoanalytic
B)behaviorism
C)humanism
D)trait theory

Question 13

Which of Freud's parts of the personality is the most like short-term memory?

A)conscious
B)preconscious
C)unconscious
D)subconscious

Question 14

Jerome,an 8-year-old boy,constantly teases one of the girls in his third-grade classroom.He calls her names and chases her on the playground,telling other boys that she has "cooties." If Jerome's real feelings are more like attraction to this girl,we can say that Jerome is exhibiting __________.

A)displacement.
B)projection.
C)reaction formation.
D)sublimation.

Question 15

For Bandura,one of the most important person variables in determining personality is __________.

A)self-efficacy.
B)expectancy.
C)reinforcement value.
D)self-motivation.

Question 16

To explain a person's personality,behaviorists would look to __________.

A)early childhood emotional traumas.
B)the kind of love,warmth,and affection given to the person by his or her parents.
C)the early experiences of rewards and punishments for certain behavior.
D)the constellation of personality traits possessed by the person.

Question 17

Unlike the psychodynamic view,the social cognitive view of personality __________.

A)tries to explain how people become the people they are.
B)stresses the importance of early childhood in personality development.
C)is fully able to explain all the complexities of human behavior.
D)has been scientifically tested.

Question 18

Which structure of the personality,according to Freud,works on the reality principle?

A)id
B)ego
C)superego
D)libido

Question 19

Tina's boss gives her a bad review,making Tina feel lousy.When she arrives at home,she yells at her husband and children.Tina is likely displaying __________.

A)escape.
B)withdrawal.
C)displacement.
D)projection.

Question 20

Stephen wants a new cell phone he saw in the local electronics store,but he doesn't have enough money to pay for it.Which structure of Stephen's personality would urge him to take the phone while no one in the store was looking?

A)id
B)ego
C)superego
D)libido

Question 21

If a patient is having trouble talking about what is bothering them,a psychoanalyst might turn to a(n)__________ to probe the patient's unconscious conflicts.

A)objective test
B)projective test
C)personality inventory
D)observational study

Question 22

Which of the following is based on the five-factor model?

A)NEO-PI
B)MBTI
C)MMPI-2
D)16PF

Question 23

Which type of assessment would have the least problem with reliability?

A)subjective test
B)projective test
C)personality inventory
D)observational study

Question 24

Personality neuroscience is an emerging field,offering evidence of a possible relationship between various aspects of personality with __________.

A)brain structure and function
B)the structure and function of individual neurons
C)skull shape and size
D)neuroticism

Question 25

Which of the following is not a type of behavioral assessment?

A)direct observation
B)Thematic Apperception Test
C)rating scale
D)frequency count

Question 26

According to Hofstede,cultures that have many strict rules and laws with lots of security and safety measures and that tend to hold only one philosophical or religious belief are high in __________.

A)individualism.
B)power distance.
C)masculinity.
D)uncertainty avoidance.

Question 27

The study of the inherited portions of personality is called __________.

A)twin studies.
B)adoptive studies.
C)behavioral genetics.
D)adoptive genetics.

Question 28

The Rorschach test requires test-takers to __________.

A)tell stories about a picture with people in it.
B)answer hundreds of questions about their feelings and thoughts.
C)perform tasks while an observer watches through a one-way mirror.
D)look at ambiguous visual stimuli and tell what they think it is.