Question 1

In the Strange Situation,__________ babies were clinging,unwilling to explore,very upset when Mommy left the room,and demanded to be held but pushed her away at the same time when she returned.&#10;A)secure&#10;B)avoidant&#10;C)ambivalent&#10;D)disorganized-disoriented

Accepted Answer

The behavior described in the question is characteristic of ambivalent attachment style. Ambivalent babies are anxious and uncertain in their attachments, clingy and upset when their caregiver leaves but also angry and resistant when reunited. Secure babies (choice A) are able to explore freely when their caregiver is present, become upset only when the caregiver leaves, and are easily comforted upon their return. Avoidant babies (choice B) show little distress upon separation and avoidance of the caregiver upon their return. Disorganized-disoriented (choice D) babies show a lack of a coherent attachment pattern and may display confused, contradictory, or disoriented behaviors in the Strange Situation.

Question 2

As an infant,Liz never liked change,but if you introduce new things gradually,she will eventually accept them without too much fuss.Liz is most likely __________.&#10;A)easy.&#10;B)difficult.&#10;C)slow to warm up.&#10;D)securely attached.

Accepted Answer

Liz's dislike for change as an infant indicates that she is slow to warm up to new situations and experiences. This suggests that she may take some time to adjust or feel comfortable in unfamiliar environments or with new people or things.

Question 3

If a person has one gene for cystic fibrosis but does not have the disease,cystic fibrosis must be a __________ disorder.&#10;A)dominant&#10;B)recessive&#10;C)sex-linked&#10;D)polygenic

Accepted Answer

Cystic fibrosis is a recessive disorder, which means that a person must have two copies of the mutated gene to develop the disease. If a person has only one gene for cystic fibrosis but does not have the disease, it means that the other gene is normal and dominant, effectively masking the recessive allele.

Question 4

In which of Piaget's stages does the child become capable of understanding conservation?&#10;A)sensorimotor&#10;B)preoperational&#10;C)formal operations&#10;D)concrete operations

Accepted Answer

Conservation refers to the understanding that the quantity of a substance remains the same despite changes in its shape or appearance. Piaget believed that children achieve conservation in the concrete operational stage, which occurs from around age 7 to 12. Only in this stage, children become able to understand that changes in the physical appearance of a substance do not affect its quantity. In the preoperational stage, children have not yet developed the cognitive abilities necessary to understand conservation.

Question 5

Which of the following represents dizygotic twins?&#10;A)One egg is fertilized by two different sperm.&#10;B)One egg splits and is then fertilized by two different sperm.&#10;C)Two eggs get fertilized by two different sperm.&#10;D)Two eggs are fertilized by the same sperm.

Accepted Answer

Dizygotic twins, also known as fraternal twins, result from the fertilization of two separate eggs by two different sperm. This results in two genetically distinct embryos developing at the same time in the uterus. Option A (one egg fertilized by two different sperm) is not possible and would result in genetic abnormalities. Option B (one egg splitting and being fertilized by two sperm) would result in identical twins, not fraternal twins. Option D (two eggs fertilized by the same sperm) is also not possible as each egg is typically fertilized by a different sperm.

Question 6

According to Vygotsky,giving a child help in the form of asking leading questions and providing examples is called __________.&#10;A)scaffolding.&#10;B)the zone of proximal development.&#10;C)private speech.&#10;D)habituation.

Accepted Answer

Giving a child help in the form of asking leading questions and providing examples is called scaffolding, a term coined by Lev Vygotsky. Scaffolding refers to the support provided by an adult or a more skilled peer to help a child complete a task or learn a new concept.

Question 7

As children grow from the preschool years into middle childhood,the big changes in the capacity of short-term memory are most likely due to an increase in the use of __________.&#10;A)metamemory.&#10;B)control strategies.&#10;C)habituation.&#10;D)visual-recognition memory.

Accepted Answer

Control strategies refer to the cognitive processes or techniques that individuals use to enhance their memory performance. As children grow, they become better at using these strategies to organize information, actively attend to it, and rehearse it, which leads to improvements in short-term memory capacity. Metamemory, on the other hand, refers to the knowledge and awareness of one's own memory processes and abilities, which also develops during middle childhood but may not directly affect short-term memory capacity. Habituation and visual-recognition memory are not directly related to the development of short-term memory capacity.

Question 8

In the __________ reflex,the baby moves its head toward any light touch to its face.&#10;A)sucking&#10;B)startle&#10;C)rooting&#10;D)grasping

Accepted Answer

The rooting reflex is a neonatal reflex in which a baby moves its head towards any light touch to its face, such as the rooting for the mother's nipple during breastfeeding. The sucking reflex is the mouth's natural reflex to suck on an object. The startle reflex is an involuntary reaction to a sudden, unexpected loud noise or movement that causes the baby to fling their arms outwards. The grasping reflex is an automatic closing of the baby's hand around anything that touches its palm.

Question 9

Differences between age-groups would cause the most serious problems for which developmental research method?&#10;A)longitudinal&#10;B)cross-cultural&#10;C)cross-sectional&#10;D)cross-sequential

Accepted Answer

Cross-sectional research compares different age groups at one point in time. Therefore, differences between age groups would cause the most serious problems for this method as it does not allow for the examination of how individuals change over time. Longitudinal and cross-sequential research would not be affected as they involve studying individuals over a period of time to examine developmental changes. Cross-cultural research compares individuals from different cultural backgrounds but does not necessarily involve age groups, so differences between age groups would not be a significant issue for this method.

Question 10

Mary's baby was born with a smaller than normal head,some facial malformations,and is mentally retarded.Mary most likely __________ during her early pregnancy.&#10;A)ate fish with mercury in it&#10;B)drank too much caffeine&#10;C)drank alcohol&#10;D)smoked marijuana

Accepted Answer

Drinking alcohol during pregnancy can lead to fetal alcohol syndrome, which can cause physical and cognitive abnormalities in the baby, such as a smaller than normal head, facial malformations, and mental retardation.

Question 11

Samantha refuses to go to school because her chin has a &#34;huge&#34; pimple on it and she is afraid that everyone will laugh at her and point.Samantha is a victim of __________.&#10;A)the imaginary audience.&#10;B)the personal fable.&#10;C)abstract egocentrism.&#10;D)formal operations.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Samantha refuses to go to school because...

Question 12

In Erikson's crisis of __________,children are developing a sense of competence and self-esteem.&#10;A)trust versus mistrust&#10;B)autonomy versus shame and doubt&#10;C)initiative versus guilt&#10;D)industry versus inferiority

Accepted Answer

The answer of In Erikson's crisis of __________,children are developing...

Question 13

Erikson's fifth stage of psychosocial development is __________.&#10;A)identity versus role confusion.&#10;B)intimacy versus isolation.&#10;C)generativity versus stagnation.&#10;D)integrity versus despair.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Erikson's fifth stage of psychosocial development is...

Question 14

The sponge-like organ that provides nourishment for the growing baby and filters away waste products is called the __________.&#10;A)fallopian tube.&#10;B)uterus.&#10;C)umbilical cord.&#10;D)placenta.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The sponge-like organ that provides nourishment for...

Question 15

The critical period for pregnancy is the __________.&#10;A)germinal period.&#10;B)embryonic period.&#10;C)fetal period.&#10;D)last trimester.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The critical period for pregnancy is the...

Question 16

At what age can the typical infant sit without support?&#10;A)3 months&#10;B)6 months&#10;C)8 months&#10;D)12 months

Accepted Answer

The answer of At what age can the typical infant...

Question 17

By age 5,the brain is at __________ percent of its adult weight.&#10;A)25&#10;B)50&#10;C)90&#10;D)100

Accepted Answer

The answer of By age 5,the brain is at __________...

Question 18

In __________ syndrome,the 23rd pair of chromosomes is missing an X,resulting in short,infertile females.&#10;A)PKU&#10;B)Down&#10;C)Klinefelter's&#10;D)Turner's

Accepted Answer

The answer of In __________ syndrome,the 23rd pair of chromosomes...

Question 19

Little Kashif held his empty cup up to his mother and said,&#34;Milk!&#34; His use of this word is labeled ______.&#10;A)a holophrase.&#10;B)telegraphic speech.&#10;C)babbling.&#10;D)cooing.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Little Kashif held his empty cup up...

Question 20

Which of the newborn's senses is the most fully developed at birth?&#10;A)hearing&#10;B)vision&#10;C)smell&#10;D)touch

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the newborn's senses is the...

Question 21

The crisis of middle adulthood,according to Erikson,is __________.&#10;A)identity versus role confusion.&#10;B)generativity versus stagnation.&#10;C)intimacy versus isolation.&#10;D)integrity versus despair.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The crisis of middle adulthood,according to Erikson,is...

Question 22

A decline in testosterone in the 40s is called __________.&#10;A)perimenopause.&#10;B)menopause.&#10;C)climacteric.&#10;D)andropause.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A decline in testosterone in the 40s...

Question 23

Collagen,an elastic tissue that becomes less elastic as we get older,is a good example of the __________ theory of aging.&#10;A)wear-and-tear&#10;B)cellular-clock&#10;C)free-radical&#10;D)active

Accepted Answer

The answer of Collagen,an elastic tissue that becomes less elastic...

Question 24

Which culture discussed in the Applying Psychology section seems to have the greatest fear of the dead?&#10;A)Hindu&#10;B)Cheyenne&#10;C)Mexican&#10;D)Navajo

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which culture discussed in the Applying Psychology...

Question 25

Vision and hearing begin to decline in the __________.&#10;A)20s.&#10;B)30s.&#10;C)40s.&#10;D)50s.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Vision and hearing begin to decline in...

Question 26

According to K&#252;bler-Ross,when bargaining fails,__________ usually results.&#10;A)denial&#10;B)anger&#10;C)depression&#10;D)acceptance

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to K&#252;bler-Ross,when bargaining fails,__________ usually results.&#10;A)denial&#10;B)anger&#10;C)depression&#10;D)acceptance...

Question 27

Rebellion in the teenage years is the most likely outcome of __________ parenting.&#10;A)authoritarian&#10;B)authoritative&#10;C)permissive neglectful&#10;D)permissive indulgent

Accepted Answer

The answer of Rebellion in the teenage years is the...

Deck 8: Development Across the Life Span