Question 1

Most of our time awake is spent in a state called __________,in which our thoughts,feelings,and sensations are clear and organized,and we feel alert.&#10;A)altered state of consciousness&#10;B)waking consciousness&#10;C)unconsciousness&#10;D)working consciousness

Accepted Answer

The statement describes the concept of waking consciousness, which is the state we experience during most of our waking hours where our thoughts, feelings, and sensations are organized, and we feel alert. 
Option A, altered state of consciousness, refers to a state of mind that differs from the normal waking state, such as during meditation or under the influence of drugs. 
Option C, unconsciousness, refers to a state of being where an individual is not aware of their surroundings, and cannot be aroused. 
Option D, working consciousness, is not a commonly used term in the field of psychology.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a naturally occurring substance?&#10;A)nicotine&#10;B)amphetamine&#10;C)caffeine&#10;D)cocaine

Accepted Answer

Nicotine, caffeine, and cocaine are all naturally occurring substances found in certain plants. Amphetamine, on the other hand, is a synthetic (man-made) drug.

Question 3

If you are in REM sleep but are able to move around and act out your dreams,you may have a rare condition called __________.&#10;A)REM behavior disorder.&#10;B)somnambulism.&#10;C)nightmare disorder.&#10;D)narcolepsy.

Accepted Answer

REM behavior disorder is a rare condition in which individuals physically act out their dreams during REM sleep. This is due to a lack of muscle paralysis, which normally occurs during REM sleep to prevent individuals from acting out their dreams. Somnambulism, also known as sleepwalking, occurs during non-REM sleep and does not involve dreaming. Nightmare disorder involves experiencing recurrent nightmares that cause significant distress or impairment. Narcolepsy is a disorder that causes excessive daytime sleepiness and may involve sudden loss of muscle tone (cataplexy) but does not necessarily involve dreaming.

Question 4

The symptoms of sleep deprivation include all but which of the following?&#10;A)trembling hands&#10;B)inability to concentrate&#10;C)feeling of general discomfort&#10;D)hypnic jerk

Accepted Answer

Hypnic jerk is a common, normal occurrence during sleep onset and is not a symptom of sleep deprivation.

Question 5

When light begins to fade at the end of the day,the suprachiasmatic nucleus in the __________ signals the pineal gland to release __________.&#10;A)hippocampus;melatonin.&#10;B)hippocampus;serotonin.&#10;C)hypothalamus;melatonin.&#10;D)hypothalamus;serotonin.

Accepted Answer

The suprachiasmatic nucleus, which is located in the hypothalamus, is responsible for regulating the circadian rhythm or the "body clock." When light begins to fade at the end of the day, the suprachiasmatic nucleus signals the pineal gland to release melatonin, which helps promote sleepiness. Therefore, the best choice is C, where the hypothalamus signals the pineal gland to release melatonin.

Question 6

Jackie used Ecstasy while she was in college,but now that she has a government job she has avoided using any recreational drugs.Although she had no problem quitting,she still finds that every now and then she gets a strong craving to use Ecstasy again.Her craving is most likely the result of __________.

A)psychological dependence.
B)physical dependency.
C)withdrawal.
D)none of the above.

Accepted Answer

Jackie's strong craving to use Ecstasy again despite having no physical dependency or withdrawal symptoms suggests that her craving is due to psychological dependence, which is characterized by a strong desire or urge to use a particular substance or engage in a certain behavior.

Question 7

What is the first stage of sleep in which,if awakened,you will realize that you were asleep?&#10;A)Stage 1&#10;B)Stage 2&#10;C)Stage 3&#10;D)Stage 4

Accepted Answer

Stage 2 is the first stage of sleep where a person is less likely to be aware of their surroundings and more likely to realize they were asleep if awakened.

Question 8

You hear about an accident that took place at 3:00 A.M.The car was traveling along and then seemed to drift into the opposing lane of traffic,hitting an oncoming car head on.Given the early morning time,you suspect that the driver of the car that drifted over the center line most likely experienced a __________.

A)lapse in judgment.
B)microsleep episode.
C)hypnogogic episode.
D)hypnopompic episode.

Accepted Answer

Given the early morning time where most people tend to be asleep, it is possible that the driver of the car that drifted over the center line experienced a brief period of microsleep, which is an involuntary lapse into sleep that can last for a few seconds to a minute or more. This lapse in attention could have led to the accident. A hypnogogic or hypnopompic episode involves experiencing vivid hallucinations or sleep paralysis when transitioning between wakefulness and sleep, which is less likely to have caused the accident. Lapse in judgment could also be possible but is a vague option.

Question 9

Hypnosis has been shown to do all of the following BUT __________.&#10;A)induce amnesia for what happens during the hypnotic state.&#10;B)provide pain relief without medication.&#10;C)alter sensory perceptions.&#10;D)regress people back to their early childhood experiences.

Accepted Answer

There is no scientific evidence to support the idea that hypnosis can regress people back to their early childhood experiences. In fact, many experts believe that such claims are based on misconceptions about the nature of memory and suggestibility. While hypnosis can induce a state of relaxation and focus that may be helpful for accessing memories, it does not provide a shortcut to childhood events or allow people to relive traumatic experiences.

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT an example of a circadian rhythm?&#10;A)menstrual cycle&#10;B)sleep-wake cycle&#10;C)blood pressure changes&#10;D)body temperature changes

Accepted Answer

The menstrual cycle is not considered a circadian rhythm because it is not a daily cycle, but rather a monthly cycle. The other options are all examples of circadian rhythms because they occur on a daily basis.

Question 11

Which of the following situations is NOT an altered state of consciousness?&#10;A)You are daydreaming.&#10;B)You have been drinking beer.&#10;C)You are concentrating on a math test.&#10;D)You are asleep.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following situations is NOT...

Question 12

Night terrors __________.&#10;A)are the same thing as nightmares.&#10;B)are always vividly remembered afterward.&#10;C)are more common in children.&#10;D)take place in one of the lighter stages of sleep.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Night terrors __________.&#10;A)are the same thing as...

Question 13

In which stage of sleep do night terrors occur?&#10;A)Stage 1&#10;B)Stage 2&#10;C)Stage 3&#10;D)Stage 4

Accepted Answer

The answer of In which stage of sleep do night...

Question 14

A sleep disorder that may require the use of a machine to force air gently into the nasal passages is called __________.&#10;A)sleep apnea.&#10;B)insomnia.&#10;C)narcolepsy.&#10;D)cataplexy.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A sleep disorder that may require the...

Question 15

If you suddenly and without warning slip into REM sleep during the day,often falling down as you do so,you may have the condition called __________.&#10;A)sleep apnea.&#10;B)insomnia.&#10;C)narcolepsy.&#10;D)epilepsy.

Accepted Answer

The answer of If you suddenly and without warning slip...

Question 16

Which of the following statements about REM sleep is FALSE?&#10;A)The eyes move rapidly back and forth under the eyelids.&#10;B)Most people report that they were dreaming if awakened.&#10;C)The body is aroused and brain waves resemble waking beta waves.&#10;D)Lack of REM sleep produces psychological disorders.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following statements about REM...

Question 17

Which of the following was NOT listed as one of the factors involved in the ability to go to sleep?&#10;A)body mass&#10;B)body temperature&#10;C)serotonin levels&#10;D)melatonin levels

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following was NOT listed...

Question 18

Randall tells his therapist that he had a dream about riding on a train that went through a tunnel.The therapist tells Randall that his dream was most likely about sexual intercourse,as the tunnel represents a woman's vagina.Randall's therapist is using the __________ theory of dreams to explain Randall's dream.

A)activation-synthesis
B)dreams-for-survival
C)Hobson/McCarley
D)Freudian

Accepted Answer

The answer of Randall tells his therapist that he had...

Question 19

Sleepwalking __________.&#10;A)is partly hereditary.&#10;B)occurs more frequently in girls than in boys.&#10;C)occurs in about 50 percent of the population.&#10;D)lasts well into late adulthood in most people.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Sleepwalking __________.&#10;A)is partly hereditary.&#10;B)occurs more frequently in...

Question 20

It might be best to say that adaptive theory explains __________,whereas restorative theory explains __________.&#10;A)why we need to sleep;when we sleep.&#10;B)where we sleep;why we need to sleep.&#10;C)why we need to sleep;where we sleep.&#10;D)when we sleep;why we need to sleep.

Accepted Answer

The answer of It might be best to say that...

Question 21

Alcohol actually __________ the release of GABA,a neurotransmitter that inhibits many brain functions.&#10;A)depresses&#10;B)decreases&#10;C)stimulates&#10;D)prevents

Accepted Answer

The answer of Alcohol actually __________ the release of GABA,a...

Question 22

&#34;Magic mushrooms&#34; are the source of __________.&#10;A)marijuana.&#10;B)psilocybin.&#10;C)mescaline.&#10;D)Ecstasy.

Accepted Answer

The answer of &#34;Magic mushrooms&#34; are the source of __________.&#10;A)marijuana.&#10;B)psilocybin.&#10;C)mescaline.&#10;D)Ecstasy....

Question 23

High doses of marijuana can lead to __________.&#10;A)death.&#10;B)hallucinations and delusions.&#10;C)extreme arousal.&#10;D)none of the above.

Accepted Answer

The answer of High doses of marijuana can lead to...

Question 24

__________ was originally thought to be a more pure form of morphine,with fewer side effects.&#10;A)Heroin&#10;B)Laudanum&#10;C)Paregoric&#10;D)Methadone

Accepted Answer

The answer of __________ was originally thought to be a...

Question 25

Which of the following is NOT a depressant?&#10;A)alcohol&#10;B)valium&#10;C)PCP&#10;D)barbiturate

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is NOT a...

Deck 4: Consciousness: Sleep, Dreams, Hypnosis, and Drugs