Question 1

Which sensory information does NOT have to be first sent to the thalamus before going to the cortex?&#10;A)auditory (hearing)&#10;B)olfactory (smell)&#10;C)gustatory (taste)&#10;D)visual (vision)

Accepted Answer

The olfactory information travels directly from the nose to the olfactory bulb before it is sent to higher brain regions for processing. It does not pass through the thalamus like the other sensory information.

Question 2

Voluntary muscles are controlled by the __________ nervous system.&#10;A)somatic&#10;B)autonomic&#10;C)sympathetic&#10;D)parasympathetic

Accepted Answer

Voluntary muscles, also known as skeletal muscles, are under conscious control and are activated by the somatic nervous system, which is responsible for processing sensory information and controlling movement. The autonomic nervous system, which includes the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches, controls involuntary functions such as heart rate and digestion.

Question 3

Melatonin is secreted by the __________ gland(s).&#10;A)pituitary&#10;B)adrenal&#10;C)thyroid&#10;D)pineal

Accepted Answer

Melatonin is primarily secreted by the pineal gland, a small endocrine gland located in the brain.

Question 4

Which of the following is the correct path of a reflex arc?&#10;A)efferent neuron to interneuron to afferent neuron&#10;B)efferent neuron to afferent neuron to interneuron&#10;C)afferent neuron to interneuron to efferent neuron&#10;D)afferent neuron to efferent neuron to the brain

Accepted Answer

The correct path of a reflex arc is from the afferent neuron (which senses a stimulus) to the interneuron (which processes the information) to the efferent neuron (which sends a response to the effector, such as a muscle or gland). This path allows for a quick and automatic response to a stimulus without needing to involve the brain.

Question 5

In the structure of the neuron,the __________ sends information to other cells.&#10;A)axon&#10;B)dendrite&#10;C)soma&#10;D)myelin

Accepted Answer

The axon is the structure that sends information to other cells. It is a long, thin extension of the neuron that carries nerve impulses away from the cell body and towards the dendrites of other neurons or towards muscles or glands.

Question 6

How does one neuron communicate with another neuron?&#10;A)An electrical spark jumps over the gap between cells.&#10;B)Charged particles leap from one cell to the next.&#10;C)Chemicals in the end of one neuron float across the gap to fit into holes on the next neuron.&#10;D)The end of one neuron extends to touch the other neuron.

Accepted Answer

Neurons communicate with each other through synapses, which are specialized junctions where the axon terminal of one neuron meets the dendrite of another neuron. Neurons do not physically touch each other, and communication occurs through the release of chemical messengers called neurotransmitters from the axon terminal of the presynaptic neuron. These neurotransmitters cross the synaptic gap and bind to receptors on the dendrite of the postsynaptic neuron, triggering an electrical signal in that neuron. This process allows for the transmission of information between neurons and is crucial for cognitive and behavioral functions.

Question 7

Which technique of studying the brain involves recording the electrical activity of large groups of cortical neurons?&#10;A)EEG&#10;B)deep lesioning&#10;C)ESB&#10;D)MRI

Accepted Answer

EEG, or electroencephalography, involves recording the electrical activity of large groups of cortical neurons by placing electrodes on the scalp. This method is non-invasive and can provide information about brain activity in real time.

Question 8

The __________ division controls ordinary,day-to-day bodily functions.&#10;A)sympathetic&#10;B)parasympathetic&#10;C)central&#10;D)somatic

Accepted Answer

The parasympathetic division controls ordinary, day-to-day bodily functions such as digestion, urination, and glandular secretion. The sympathetic division is responsible for the body’s response to a stressful or emergency situation (fight or flight response). The central division refers to the brain and spinal cord, and the somatic division controls voluntary muscle movements.

Question 9

Which neurotransmitter is associated with the control of the pain response?&#10;A)acetylcholine&#10;B)GABA&#10;C)serotonin&#10;D)endorphin

Accepted Answer

Endorphins are a type of neurotransmitter that act as natural painkillers. They are produced by the central nervous system and the pituitary gland, and can help to reduce the perception of pain by binding to certain receptors in the brain and spinal cord.

Question 10

Maria suffered a stroke that damaged a part of her brain.She fell into a sleeplike coma and could not be awakened.If we know that the area of damage is somewhere in the brain stem,which structure is most likely damaged?

A)medulla
B)pons
C)reticular formation
D)cerebellum

Accepted Answer

The reticular formation is involved in regulating wakefulness and sleep-wake transitions. Damage to this area can result in a coma.

Question 11

Which type of cell makes up 10 percent of the brain?&#10;A)glial cells&#10;B)neurons&#10;C)stem cells&#10;D)afferent cells

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which type of cell makes up 10...

Question 12

Damaged nerve fibers in the body can sometimes repair themselves because they are coated with __________,which forms a protective tunnel around the nerve fibers.&#10;A)glial&#10;B)soma&#10;C)myelin&#10;D)neurilemma

Accepted Answer

The answer of Damaged nerve fibers in the body can...

Question 13

Jeff is undergoing brain surgery to remove a tumor.The surgeon applies electrical stimulation to various areas around the tumor,causing Jeff to report tingling sensations in various areas of his skin.The tumor is most likely in which lobe of Jeff's brain?

A)frontal
B)temporal
C)occipital
D)parietal

Accepted Answer

The answer of Jeff is undergoing brain surgery to remove...

Question 14

When a neuron is in the resting potential state,where are there more sodium ions?&#10;A)inside the cell&#10;B)outside the cell&#10;C)inside the soma&#10;D)in the synapse

Accepted Answer

The answer of When a neuron is in the resting...

Question 15

Alexis is learning several new routines in her gymnastics class.After enough practice,her __________ will play an important role in helping her to perform the routines correctly and smoothly.&#10;A)medulla&#10;B)pons&#10;C)reticular formation&#10;D)cerebellum

Accepted Answer

The answer of Alexis is learning several new routines in...

Question 16

Your heart races.You begin to breathe faster.Your pupils enlarge and your appetite is gone.Your __________ division has just been activated.&#10;A)sympathetic&#10;B)parasympathetic&#10;C)autonomic&#10;D)somatic

Accepted Answer

The answer of Your heart races.You begin to breathe faster.Your...

Question 17

Which part of the brain is the link between the brain and the glandular system?&#10;A)hippocampus&#10;B)thalamus&#10;C)hypothalamus&#10;D)amygdala

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which part of the brain is the...

Question 18

The action of hormones in the bloodstream is most similar to which of the following?&#10;A)the action of sodium ions in the action potential&#10;B)the action of myelin surrounding the axons&#10;C)the action of glial cells in the brain&#10;D)the action of neurotransmitters in the synapse

Accepted Answer

The answer of The action of hormones in the bloodstream...

Question 19

Heather is beautifully proportioned,but at 18 years of age she is still no taller than the average 10-year-old.Heather most likely had a problem in her __________ gland(s)while she was growing up.&#10;A)pituitary&#10;B)adrenal&#10;C)thyroid&#10;D)pineal

Accepted Answer

The answer of Heather is beautifully proportioned,but at 18 years...

Question 20

Which of the following techniques for imaging the brain would not be advisable for a person with a metal plate in his or her head?&#10;A)EEG&#10;B)CT&#10;C)MRI&#10;D)PET

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following techniques for imaging...

Question 21

Recognizing the face of someone you run into at the mall is a function of the __________ hemisphere;being able to retrieve that person's name from memory is a function of the __________ hemisphere.&#10;A)left;right&#10;B)right;left&#10;C)right;right&#10;D)left;left

Accepted Answer

The answer of Recognizing the face of someone you run...

Question 22

George had a small stroke that resulted in a partial paralysis of his left side.The damaged area is most likely in his __________ lobe.&#10;A)right frontal&#10;B)left frontal&#10;C)right parietal&#10;D)left temporal

Accepted Answer

The answer of George had a small stroke that resulted...

Question 23

In the split-brain operation,the __________ is severed,which is the primary communication pathway between the two hemispheres.&#10;A)cingulate cortex&#10;B)corpus callosum&#10;C)caudate&#10;D)cerebellum

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the split-brain operation,the __________ is severed,which...

Question 24

Linda is recovering from damage to her brain.Her main symptom is a speech problem;instead of saying,"I am going to PT (physical therapy)at nine o'clock" she says,"I go ...PT ...non o'cot." Linda's problem is __________.

A)spatial neglect.
B)visual agnosia.
C)Broca's aphasia.
D)Wernicke's aphasia.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Linda is recovering from damage to her...

Deck 2: Biological Perspective