Deck 26: Welding Metallurgy

Question 1

____ is the ease with which a metal will crack or break apart without noticeable deformation.

A) Hardness
B) Brittleness
C) Toughness
D) Strength

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Pure iron forms the body-centered cubic (BCC) crystal below a temperature of ____ Fahrenheit.

A) 1000°
B) 1200°
C) 1527°
D) 1675°

Answer 2

D

Question 3

____ heat is absorbed by a material as it changes from a solid to a liquid state.

A) Sensible
B) Sensational
C) Latent
D) Potential

Answer 3

C

Question 4

While a metal is in the liquid-solid phase, it is ____.

A) very weak
B) very strong
C) very tough
D) very elastic

Question 5

____ strength is a measure of how well a part can withstand forces acting to cut or slice it apart.

A) Tensile
B) Compressive
C) Shear
D) Torsional

Question 6

The body-centered cubic form of iron is called ____.

A) austenite
B) magnetite
C) alpha ferrite
D) martensite

Question 7

One BTU is defined as ____.

A) the amount of heat required to raise one pound of water one degree Fahrenheit
B) the amount of energy required to raise one gram of water one degree Celsius
C) the amount of heat required to raise one gallon of water from freezing to boiling point
D) the amount of energy required to melt one gallon of water

Question 8

____ strength is the property of a material to resist being crushed.

A) Tensile
B) Compressive
C) Shear
D) Torsional

Question 9

____ is practically pure iron (in plain carbon steels) existing below the lower transformation temperature.

A) Ferrite
B) Cementite
C) Pearlite
D) Austenite

Question 10

When the surface of an object is a little above ____ Fahrenheit, the vibrating frequency of the atoms gives off visible light which we see as a dull red glow.

A) 200°
B) 600°
C) 1,000°
D) 1,600°

Question 11

____ is measured most often with the Charpy test.

A) Hardness
B) Brittleness
C) Toughness
D) Strength

Question 12

____ may be defined as resistance to penetration.

A) Hardness
B) Brittleness
C) Toughness
D) Strength

Question 13

____ is magnetic and has very slight solid solubility, less than 0.02%, of carbon.

A) Ferrite
B) Cementite
C) Pearlite
D) Austenite

Question 14

The phases and temperatures at which an alloy exists is summarized in a(n) ____.

A) crystal diagram
B) WPS
C) phase diagram
D) phase graph

Question 15

____ is the property that allows a metal to withstand forces, sudden shock, or bends without fracturing.

A) Hardness
B) Brittleness
C) Toughness
D) Strength

Question 16

____ strength is the property of a material to withstand a twisting force.

A) Tensile
B) Compressive
C) Shear
D) Torsional

Question 17

____ is a compound of iron and carbon, Fe2C.

A) Ferrite
B) Cementite
C) Pearlite
D) Austenite

Question 18

____ is defined as the maximum load, per unit of area, to which a material will respond with a deformation directly proportional to the load.

A) Elastic limit
B) Elasticity
C) Tensile strength
D) Yield limit

Question 19

Silly Putty is ____.

A) ductile but has high impact strength
B) ductile but has low impact strength
C) brittle but has high impact strength
D) tough but has low impact strength

Question 20

The basic unit of temperature is the ____.

A) BTU
B) joule
C) calorie
D) degree

Question 21

​What is the term used to describe the process of replacing some of the atoms in a crystal lattice with other metal atoms?

A) ​Solid-solution hardening
B) ​Precipitation hardening
C) ​Recrystallization
D) ​Normalizing

Question 22

​Why would an ingot need to be placed back in a furnace after it has been cast?

A) ​To give it time to outgas all of the impurities before it is made into a plate or pipe.
B) ​To make the temperature consistent across the entire ingot.
C) ​So that impurities can float out of the ingot making it a better steel.
D) ​It is a way of tempering the metal to make it harder.

Question 23

​Which of the following is a way that a forming mill can be used to convert an ingot into a usable product.

A) ​rolling
B) ​extruding
C) ​drawing
D) ​All of the above

Question 24

The M.temperature for carbon steels is about ____.

A) 200°F to 400°F
B) 400°F to 600°F
C) 600°F to 800°F
D) 800°F to 1000°F

Question 25

The fundamental building blocks of all metals are atoms arranged in very precise three-dimensional patterns called ____________________.

Question 26

​What is the most efficient way of converting molten steel into a usable product?

A) ​ingot casting
B) ​rolling
C) ​continuous casting
D) ​forging

Question 27

____________________ is a measurement of the vibrating speed or frequency of the atoms in matter.

Question 28

​How does an individual grain grow in a cast structure?

A) ​From the outside surface inward.
B) ​Upward from the bottom.
C) ​Outward from the center to the edge.
D) ​Randomly in all directions.

Question 29

​Which of the following is a way of forming raw metal into a usable material?

A) ​forging
B) ​casting
C) ​rolling
D) ​All of the above

Question 30

​How is steel making similar to welding processes?

A) ​Both use a flux to remove impurities.
B) ​Both processes use an inert shielding gas to protect the molten metal from oxidation.
C) ​Both have a way of controlling the carbon content to control the hardness of the metal.
D) ​They really are not similar in any way because one is so small compared to the other which is so much bigger.

Question 31

​Which direction is the grain structure of a rolled steel plate the strongest?

A) ​At a 90° angle to the rolled direction.
B) ​In the direction of the roll.
C) ​Through its thickness.
D) ​It is as strong in any direction.

Question 32

____________________ is the amount of thermal energy in matter.

Question 33

Which of the following is true of martensite?

A) It is the weakest of the transformation products of austenite.
B) As formed, it is very hard and brittle.
C) As formed, it is extremely useful in most engineering applications.
D) Martensite cannot be tempered.

Question 34

​What effect does forging have on a rolled steel's grain structure?

A) ​It causes the vertical grain structure to deform into a horizontal layer of softer iron carbide.
B) ​It creates a magnetic field around the metal that adds strength.
C) ​It forms a strong hard layer of fine-grained structure around the core metal.
D) ​It causes the core of the plate to create a smoother softer form of iron.

Question 35

​How is a metal's hardness reduced?

A) ​By annealing
B) ​By forging
C) ​Re-melting it
D) ​By using a grinder to remove the hard surface

Question 36

​Which quenching process results in the most rapid cooling of a part?

A) ​molten salt
B) ​oil
C) ​water
D) ​brine

Question 37

____ is the nonmagnetic form of iron and has the power to dissolve carbon and alloying elements.

A) Ferrite
B) Cementite
C) Pearlite
D) Austenite

Question 38

____________________ is the ability of a metal to be permanently twisted, drawn out, bent, or changed in shape without cracking or breaking.

Question 39

A cold-worked structure can be annealed by heating the metal above the ____ temperature.

A) M.
B) critical
C) melting
D) recrystallization

Question 40

The smallest identifiable group of atoms is the ____________________.

Question 41

____________________ is the process of reheating a part that has been hardened through heating and quenched.

Question 42

Iron is called an ____________________ metal, because it exists in two different crystal forms in the solid state.

Question 43

What is the difference between sensible and latent heat?

Question 44

A(n) ____________________ is the lowest possible melting temperature of an alloy.

Question 45

Define annealing.

Question 46

What is the difference between crystalline and amorphic solids? Give examples of both.

Question 47

____________________ is the hardest of the transformation products of austenite.

Question 48

Explained why tempered martensite is very strong and tough.

Question 49

Explain the process of precipitation hardening.

Question 50

Stainless steels rely on ____________________ for their resistance to corrosion.