Question 1

In arousal theory,people are said to have a (an)_________ level of tension.&#10;A)ultimate&#10;B)lower&#10;C)optimal&#10;D)high

Accepted Answer

Arousal theory suggests that individuals have an optimal level of tension, where they are most motivated and effective. This optimal level of tension is often referred to as the "optimal arousal level." When arousal levels are too low, individuals may feel bored or unengaged, while when arousal levels are too high, individuals may feel overwhelmed or anxious. Therefore, the best choice is C, optimal.

Question 2

What do we call biologically determined,innate patterns of behavior?&#10;A)drives&#10;B)instincts&#10;C)releasing behaviors&#10;D)universal behaviors

Accepted Answer

Biologically determined, innate patterns of behavior are known as instincts. Drives refer to an internal state of tension that motivates an organism to satisfy a need, releasing behaviors refer to specific responses triggered by certain stimuli, and universal behaviors refer to behaviors that are found across all cultures.

Question 3

One interesting thing about incentive approaches is that incentives __________.&#10;A)are inherited&#10;B)exist inside a narrow collection of internal stimuli&#10;C)exist independently of any need or level of arousal&#10;D)only work for adults

Accepted Answer

Incentives exist independently of any need or level of arousal, meaning they are not inherent or exclusively internal. This is why incentives can be used to motivate people to engage in behaviors that they may not otherwise be inclined to do. The effectiveness of incentives is not limited to just adults, as they can also be used to motivate children and adolescents.

Question 4

Some psychologists believe that an organism's behavior is motivated by the need to achieve a state of balance in which the body functions effectively-a state called ______.&#10;A)unbalance&#10;B)acquiescence&#10;C)propinquity&#10;D)homeostasis

Accepted Answer

The term used to describe the state of balance in which the body functions effectively is called “homeostasis”. As per the question, some psychologists believe that an organism's behavior is motivated by the need to achieve this state of balance. Hence, option D - homeostasis - is the correct choice. The other options - A) unbalance, B) acquiescence, and C) propinquity - are not related to the concept of homeostasis.

Question 5

Schachter and Singer proposed that two things have to happen before emotion occurs: _____ and _____.&#10;A)physical arousal;fight or flight&#10;B)cognition;behavior&#10;C)physical arousal;labeling&#10;D)behavior;physical arousal

Accepted Answer

Schachter and Singer's two-factor theory of emotion proposes that physical arousal must be followed by labeling or interpretation of the arousal based on the surrounding context in order for the experience of emotion to occur. Therefore, choice C, physical arousal and labeling, is the correct answer.

Question 6

The pursuit of an activity for its own sake is propelled by ________________.&#10;A)the need for affiliation&#10;B)intrinsic motivation&#10;C)biological drives&#10;D)performance goals

Accepted Answer

The pursuit of an activity for its own sake is driven by intrinsic motivation, which refers to the internal desire to engage in an activity solely for the enjoyment and satisfaction that comes from doing it. It is distinguished from extrinsic motivation, which is driven by external factors such as rewards or punishments. The other options (A, C, and D) do not accurately reflect the concept of intrinsic motivation.

Question 7

Which of the following is correct concerning the interaction of culture and food?&#10;A)American men and women both eat to reduce depression whereas Japanese men and women eat to reduce anger.&#10;B)American women eat when they are depressed whereas Japanese women eat because of social demands.&#10;C)There were no differences in the eating habits of American and Japanese men and women.&#10;D)Japanese men ate more than both American men and women.

Accepted Answer

This choice accurately highlights the cultural differences in the reasons for eating between American and Japanese women. American women tend to turn to food when they feel unhappy or depressed, while Japanese women may eat to fulfill societal expectations or maintain social relationships. The other choices are not supported by research or are too broad to accurately capture cultural influences on eating habits.

Question 8

Jose's medically ideal weight is 250 pounds.He would be considered to be obese when and if he weighed ________ pounds.&#10;A)275&#10;B)300&#10;C)320&#10;D)330

Accepted Answer

Obesity is typically defined as being 20% or more above the medically ideal weight. 20% of 250 pounds is 50 pounds, so 250 + 50 = 300 pounds.

Question 9

Which theory states that a stimulus triggers physiological changes that produce emotion?&#10;A)Cannon-Bard theory&#10;B)James-Lange theory&#10;C)Schachter-Singer theory&#10;D)commonsense view of emotions

Accepted Answer

The James-Lange theory suggests that emotions are the result of physiological changes in response to a stimulus. According to this theory, emotions are experienced after the physical responses occur.

Question 10

The process by which the facial muscles send messages to the brain about the basic emotion being expressed is called ____________.&#10;A)primary emotional processing&#10;B)internal emotion work&#10;C)facial feedback&#10;D)body language

Accepted Answer

The process by which the facial muscles send messages to the brain about the basic emotion being expressed is called facial feedback. This is the idea that our facial expressions can actually influence our emotional state.

Deck 9: B: Motivation and Emotion