Question 1

The theory of adjustment to aging that assumes older people are happier if they remain active in some way,such as volunteering or developing a hobby,is called_________.&#10;A)activity theory&#10;B)wear-and-tear theory&#10;C)disengagement theory&#10;D)cellular clock theory

Accepted Answer

The theory described suggests that remaining active in some way can lead to greater happiness in older age, which aligns with the principles of activity theory. The other options (wear-and-tear theory, cellular clock theory, and disengagement theory) focus on different aspects of aging and do not necessarily relate to remaining active.

Question 2

Which of the following is defined as a gene that controls the appearance of a certain trait?&#10;A)recessive&#10;B)mutated&#10;C)recombinant&#10;D)dominant

Accepted Answer

A dominant gene is one that controls the appearance of a certain trait when paired with a recessive gene. In this pairing, the dominant gene is expressed and the recessive gene is not.

Question 3

The correct sequence of the five stages of death and dying postulated by K&#252;bler-Ross is ______.&#10;A)denial,anger,bargaining,depression,and acceptance&#10;B)denial,anger,bargaining,acceptance,and depression&#10;C)anger,denial,bargaining,acceptance,and depression&#10;D)anger,denial,bargaining,depression,and acceptance

Accepted Answer

This is the correct sequence of the five stages of death and dying postulated by Kübler-Ross.

Question 4

Obedience to rules because of the fear of punishment is a characteristic of__________.&#10;A)conventional morality&#10;B)preconventional morality&#10;C)principled morality&#10;D)postconventional morality

Accepted Answer

Preconventional morality is the first level of moral development in which children follow rules to avoid punishment and gain rewards. They obey rules to fulfill their own self-interest rather than out of a sense of morality or obligation.

Question 5

Infant reflexes are______.&#10;A)innate involuntary behavior patterns&#10;B)voluntary behavior patterns&#10;C)learned&#10;D)not used as a means for survival

Accepted Answer

Infant reflexes are innate involuntary behavior patterns that are present from birth and are critical for survival, such as the rooting reflex to find a food source. They are not learned or voluntary.

Question 6

Christa and Sal are anticipating the birth of their first baby.Before the baby arrives,they want to fix up the nursery with new wallpaper.They seek the advice of a developmental psychologist.What is she likely to tell them?

A)Newborns prefer to look at complex three-dimensional patterns rather than simple one-dimensional ones.
B)Newborns prefer to look at animals rather than people.
C)Newborns do not see well enough to make any difference.
D)Newborns prefer to look at simple one-dimensional patterns rather than complex ones.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that newborns prefer to look at complex three-dimensional patterns rather than simple one-dimensional ones. They have a preference for faces and high contrast visuals, and are particularly drawn to faces with eyes and mouths. Therefore, the developmental psychologist is likely to suggest choosing wallpaper with complex 3D patterns and high contrast visuals that include faces.

Question 7

Which of Erik Erikson's psychosocial crises revolves around the child's learning to direct his or her own behavior?&#10;A)trust versus mistrust&#10;B)initiative versus guilt&#10;C)industry versus inferiority&#10;D)autonomy versus shame and doubt

Accepted Answer

Autonomy versus shame and doubt is the psychosocial crisis in which the child learns to direct his or her own behavior, gain a sense of independence, and control basic body functions. This stage occurs during early childhood, typically between the ages of 1 and 3 years old. During this time, children begin to explore their environment, assert their independence, and learn to control their own actions.

Question 8

________refers to heredity and __________ refers to environmental influences.&#10;A)Nature;nurture&#10;B)Cognition;emotion&#10;C)Nurture;behavioral genetics&#10;D)Cross-sectional;longitudinal

Accepted Answer

Nature refers to heredity, or the genetic factors that influence an individual's growth and development, while nurture refers to environmental influences, such as parenting styles, social relationships, and cultural experiences. Choice A accurately identifies and defines these terms. Choices B and D are incorrect because they do not pertain to the nature/nurture debate. Choice C is partially correct, but does not provide a complete definition for nature and nurture.

Question 9

A baby's language that consists of repetition of consonant-vowel combinations is called ______.&#10;A)cooing&#10;B)holophrasing&#10;C)telegraphic speech&#10;D)babbling

Accepted Answer

The repetition of consonant-vowel combinations is characteristic of babbling, which is a prelinguistic stage of language development. Cooing refers to the early vowel sounds infants make, holophrasing refers to the use of a single word to convey a complete thought, and telegraphic speech refers to early speech in which function words are omitted, such as saying "baby cry" instead of "the baby is crying."

Question 10

The period of five to ten years during which a woman's reproductive system begins to decline is called_______.&#10;A)climacteric&#10;B)perimenopause&#10;C)menopause&#10;D)postmenopause

Accepted Answer

Perimenopause typically occurs in women between the ages of 45 and 55 and is marked by a gradual decline in reproductive hormones, irregular menstrual cycles, and various physical and emotional symptoms. Climacteric is a broader term that refers to the transition period during which both men and women experience physical and psychological changes related to aging, including changes in hormone levels. Menopause refers specifically to the point at which a woman has not had a menstrual period for 12 consecutive months, while postmenopause refers to the period after menopause has occurred.

Deck 8: B: Development Across the Life Span