Question 1

Thorndike was known for his work with ______.&#10;A)a Skinner box&#10;B)a puzzle box&#10;C)modeling&#10;D)monkeys

Accepted Answer

Thorndike is most famous for his work with puzzle boxes, in which he studied animal behavior through trial and error learning.

Question 2

Pavlov placed meat powder in the mouths of dogs,and they began to salivate.The food acted as a (an) ____________.&#10;A)unconditioned response&#10;B)unconditioned stimulus&#10;C)conditioned response&#10;D)conditioned stimulus

Accepted Answer

The meat powder is an unconditioned stimulus because it naturally and automatically triggers salivation in the dogs, without any prior learning or association needed.

Question 3

The &#34;aha!&#34; experience is known as ________________.&#10;A)latent learning&#10;B)insight learning&#10;C)thoughtful learning&#10;D)serial enumeration

Accepted Answer

The "aha!" experience is commonly referred to as insight learning, which involves suddenly realizing the solution to a problem without prior learning or experience. Latent learning refers to the acquisition of knowledge that is not immediately shown in behavior, while thoughtful learning and serial enumeration are not related terms.

Question 4

When Keller and Marian Breland,two psychologists who became animal trainers,decided that it would be cute to have a pig drop a big wooden coin into a box,they found that _______________.&#10;A)food was not an effective reinforcer for the pig and so learning didn't occur&#10;B)when given edible roots as reinforcers,the pig learned the task in less than ten trials&#10;C)the pig displayed instinctive drift by dropping the coin and pushing it around with its nose.&#10;D)the pig showed intrinsic interest in the task and so reinforcement was unnecessary

Accepted Answer

The pig displayed instinctive drift by reverting to its natural rooting behavior, which interfered with the learned task of dropping the coin into a box.

Question 5

Learning that occurs but is not immediately reflected in a behavior change is called ______.&#10;A)insight&#10;B)innate learning&#10;C)vicarious learning&#10;D)latent learning

Accepted Answer

Latent learning refers to learning that occurs without an immediate change in behavior, but that may influence future behavior. Insight and innate learning refer to types of learning that typically lead to immediate behavior changes, while vicarious learning involves learning by observing the behavior of others.

Question 6

Under what circumstances will a reinforcer make the target response more likely to occur again?&#10;A)if it is a primary reinforcer&#10;B)if it is a positive reinforcer&#10;C)if it is a negative reinforcer&#10;D)regardless of whether it is a positive or negative reinforcer,a reinforcer makes a response more likely to occur.

Accepted Answer

Reinforcers, whether positive or negative, are designed to increase the likelihood of a response occurring again. Positive reinforcers do so by adding a desirable stimulus following the desired behavior, while negative reinforcers increase behavior through the removal of an undesirable stimulus.

Question 7

What was the unconditioned stimulus (UCS)in the case of Little Albert?&#10;A)a rat&#10;B)a loud noise&#10;C)a high chair&#10;D)a small enclosed space

Accepted Answer

The unconditioned stimulus (UCS) in the case of Little Albert was a loud noise. Specifically, a steel bar was struck with a hammer behind Albert's head, which produced a loud noise that startled him and caused him to cry.

Question 8

Changes controlled by a genetic blueprint,such as an increase in height or the size of the brain,are examples of ___________________.&#10;A)maturation&#10;B)learning&#10;C)habituation&#10;D)growth cycles

Accepted Answer

Maturation refers to changes that are controlled by genetic factors and unfold naturally over time, such as physical growth and development. Learning, habituation, and growth cycles may also influence development, but they are not directly related to genetic programming.

Question 9

What has occurred when there is a decrease in the likelihood or rate of a target response?&#10;A)punishment&#10;B)positive reinforcement&#10;C)negative reinforcement&#10;D)positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement

Accepted Answer

A decrease in the likelihood or rate of a target response is a result of punishment. Punishment refers to an event that decreases the probability of a response occurring again in the future.

Question 10

Cheryl is trying to teach her son to do the laundry by watching her.According to observational learning theory,to be effective what must occur?&#10;A)Her son must always model the behavior immediately.&#10;B)Her son must be motivated to learn how to do the laundry.&#10;C)Her son must be able to complete other tasks while watching her.&#10;D)Cheryl must show her son how to do the laundry while she is making dinner.

Accepted Answer

According to observational learning theory, for learning to occur through observation, the learner must be motivated to learn and pay attention to the modeled behavior. Therefore, Cheryl's son must be motivated to learn how to do laundry, and he must be paying attention to Cheryl's actions. The other options, such as always modeling the behavior immediately or completing other tasks while watching, are not essential for effective observational learning. The option about Cheryl showing her son how to do laundry while making dinner is not ideal because it may split the son's attention between two different tasks, making it harder for him to learn.

Deck 5: A: Learning