Question 1

Which perspective focuses on free will and self-actualization?&#10;A)psychoanalysis&#10;B)humanism&#10;C)cognitive perspective&#10;D)behaviorism

Accepted Answer

Humanism is the perspective that focuses on free will and self-actualization. It emphasizes the positive qualities of human nature and the potential for individuals to achieve their goals and fulfill their potential.

Question 2

When you watch dogs play in the park or watch how your professors conduct their classes,you are engaging in a form of ______.&#10;A)case study research&#10;B)naturalistic observation&#10;C)survey research&#10;D)psychometric study

Accepted Answer

Naturalistic observation involves observing and recording behavior in a natural setting without manipulation or control of the environment. Watching dogs play in the park or observing professors in the classroom would fall under this category. This method allows researchers to study behavior as it occurs naturally, providing insight into real-life situations.

Question 3

A negative correlation means that ______________________.&#10;A)high values of one variable are associated with low values of the other&#10;B)high values of one variable are associated with high values of the other&#10;C)low values of one variable are associated with low values of the other&#10;D)there is no relationship between the two variables

Accepted Answer

A negative correlation means that as one variable increases, the other variable decreases. Therefore, high values of one variable are associated with low values of the other variable.

Question 4

Freud said phobias were ____________ whereas Watson said phobias were __________.&#10;A)learned;inherited&#10;B)repressed conflicts;learned&#10;C)sexual;unconscious&#10;D)conditioned;unconditioned

Accepted Answer

Freud believed that phobias were a manifestation of repressed conflicts, often stemming from early childhood experiences. On the other hand, John B. Watson, a behaviorist, argued that phobias were learned through experiences, particularly through classical conditioning, as demonstrated in his famous Little Albert experiment.

Question 5

The goals of psychology are to _____.&#10;A)explore the conscious and unconscious functions of the human mind&#10;B)understand,compare,and analyze human behavior&#10;C)improve psychological well-being in all individuals from birth until death&#10;D)describe,explain,predict,and control behavior

Accepted Answer

The goals of psychology are to describe (observing behavior and noticing patterns), explain (identifying the causes of behavior), predict (making informed predictions about future behavior), and control (changing behavior patterns when necessary) human behavior. This goal is known as the "four main goals of psychology" and is commonly abbreviated as DEPC (describe, explain, predict, and control). While the other options (A, B, and C) may be aspects of psychology, they do not fully encompass the overall goals of the field.

Question 6

Experimenters can justify the use of deception because ___________.&#10;A)there is informed consent&#10;B)research is more important than people&#10;C)it may be necessary for the experiment to work&#10;D)it is not that harmful

Accepted Answer

Deception may be necessary for some experiments to work properly, but it is important to minimize harm and to obtain informed consent from participants when possible. The importance of the research should not be prioritized over the well-being of the participants.

Question 7

What is one similarity shared by clinical psychologists and psychiatrists?&#10;A)They obtain the same graduate degree.&#10;B)They have the same training experiences after college.&#10;C)They view abnormal behaviors as arising from the same causes.&#10;D)They diagnose and treat people experiencing behavioral and emotional problems.

Accepted Answer

Both clinical psychologists and psychiatrists are involved in diagnosing and treating individuals experiencing behavioral and emotional problems. However, they have different training experiences and may approach the causes of abnormal behavior differently. Clinical psychologists have a doctoral degree in psychology and typically focus on talk therapy and behavioral interventions, while psychiatrists have a medical degree and can prescribe medication in addition to therapy.

Question 8

A detailed description of a particular individual being studied or treated is called ______________________.&#10;A)a representative sample&#10;B)a case study&#10;C)a single-blind study&#10;D)a naturalistic observation

Accepted Answer

A case study involves a detailed examination of a particular individual or group, often used in psychology or medicine to understand the specific behaviors or conditions of an individual or group. A representative sample is a group selected to represent a larger population and may not involve detailed examination of any individual, while a single-blind study and naturalistic observation refer to specific research methods rather than an individual being studied.

Question 9

Who was an early proponent of functionalism?&#10;A)Ivan Pavlov&#10;B)William James&#10;C)Wilhelm Wundt&#10;D)Max Wertheimer

Accepted Answer

William James was an early proponent of functionalism, which emphasized the practical and adaptive functions of behavior rather than its structure or elements. Ivan Pavlov was known for his work on classical conditioning, Wilhelm Wundt is considered the father of psychology and focused on structuralism, and Max Wertheimer was a gestalt psychologist.

Question 10

______________________ is an experiment in which participants do not know if they are in the experimental or the control group but the experimenters do know which participants are part of which group.&#10;A)The double-blind study&#10;B)Field research&#10;C)The single-blind study&#10;D)Correlational research

Accepted Answer

A single-blind study is an experiment in which participants do not know if they are in the experimental or control group, but the experimenters are aware of which participants are assigned to each group. The purpose of this is to minimize bias in the results, as participants who know they are in the experimental group may alter their behavior or responses based on their expectations of the treatment. The experimenters may also inadvertently bias their observations or measurements if they know which participants are in the experimental group.

Deck 1: A: The Science of Psychology