Deck 5: The Integumentary System

Question 1

All of the following are true of the pigment melanin except that it

A)decreases in concentration within cells during exposure to the sun.
B)is usually some shade of brown or black.
C)protects DNA from the damaging effects of UV radiation.
D)is released through melanosomes.
E)is produced by cells called melanocytes.

Answer 1

decreases in concentration within cells during exposure to the sun.

Question 2

An albino individual lacks the ability to produce

A)melanin.
B)keratin.
C)carotene.
D)perspiration.
E)hemoglobin.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

________ are cells in the epidermis that are part of the immune system.

A)Dendritic cells
B)Basal cells
C)Merkel cells
D)Squamous cells
E)Melanocytes

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The type of most cells that form the strata in the epidermis are

A)adipocytes.
B)keratinocytes.
C)fibroblasts.
D)melanocytes.
E)dendritic cells.

Question 5

All of the following are true of epidermal ridges except that they

A)extend into the dermis.
B)contain increased numbers of free nerve endings.
C)cause ridge patterns on the surface of the skin.
D)produce patterns that are determined genetically.
E)interconnect with the dermal papillae.

Question 6

Each of the following is a function of the integumentary system except

A)protection of underlying tissue.
B)excretion of salts and wastes.
C)maintenance of body temperature.
D)synthesis of vitamin C.
E)provision of sensation.

Question 7

The epidermis in the thin skin contains ________ layer(s)and in the thick skin contains ________ layers.

A)1; 2
B)2; 3
C)3; 4
D)4; 5
E)5; 6

Question 8

In which layer of skin are keratinocytes produced?

A)dermis
B)subcutaneous layer
C)stratum spinosum
D)stratum corneum
E)stratum basale

Question 9

The tough "horny" superficial layer of the epidermis is known as the

A)stratum corneum.
B)stratum lucidum.
C)stratum basale.
D)stratum granulosum.
E)stratum spinosum.

Question 10

Figure 5-1

-While walking barefoot on the beach,Joe stepped on a thorn that penetrated through the sole of his foot to the dermis.How many layers of epidermis did the thorn penetrate?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4
E)5

Question 11

The layer of dividing cells at the base of the epidermis is the

A)stratum corneum.
B)stratum lucidum.
C)stratum basale.
D)stratum granulosum.
E)stratum spinosum.

Question 12

The two components of the integumentary system are the

A)epidermis and dermis.
B)cutaneous membrane and hypodermis.
C)cutaneous membrane and accessory structures.
D)integument and hypodermis.
E)epidermis and superficial fascia.

Question 13

Accessory structures of the skin include all of the following except

A)hair follicles.
B)sebaceous glands.
C)sweat glands.
D)the epidermis.
E)lamellar corpuscles.

Question 14

Figure 5-1

-Which layer is the primary barrier against environmental hazards?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4
E)5

Question 15

Figure 5-1

-Which tissue is located in the region labeled "2"?

A)stratified squamous epithelium
B)areolar connective tissue
C)adipose tissue
D)cartilage and blood
E)reticular connective tissues

Question 16

Figure 5-1

-Which layer contains most of the accessory organs?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)below layer 5
E)5

Question 17

All of the following are characteristics of the epidermis except that it

A)is multilayered.
B)is flexible.
C)is self-repairing.
D)serves as UV radiation protection.
E)is vascularized.

Question 18

Insensible perspiration takes place in the

A)stratum corneum.
B)stratum lucidum.
C)stratum basale.
D)stratum granulosum.
E)stratum spinosum.

Question 19

Figure 5-1
An intradermal injection is administered into which layer?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)below layer 5
E)5

Question 20

The keratinocytes are tightly connected with each other by

A)keratin.
B)prekeratin.
C)collagen fibers.
D)elastic fibers.
E)desmosomes.

Question 21

If the papilla of a hair follicle is destroyed,

A)the hair produced by the follicle will change from terminal to vellus.
B)the color of the hair will become lighter.
C)the texture of the hair will become coarser.
D)the follicle will lose its blood supply.
E)hair production will not be affected.

Question 22

All of the following are derived from epithelial columns except

A)hair roots.
B)hair follicles.
C)nails.
D)sebaceous glands.
E)sweat glands.

Question 23

What is the most common type of cells in the subcutaneous layer?

A)keratinocytes
B)adipocytes
C)melanocytes
D)fibroblasts
E)fibrocytes

Question 24

What is the survival rate of a localized malignant melanoma that is detected and removed in the early stages of the cancer?

A)Above 95%
B)75%
C)60%
D)40%
E)less than 20%

Question 25

________ is a small connective tissue peg that contains nerve endings and blood vessels.

A)Hair medulla
B)Hair bulb
C)Hair papilla
D)Hair matrix
E)Hair cuticle

Question 26

Cyanosis signifies that a patient has

A)had too much sun.
B)been kept out of the sun.
C)an allergic reaction.
D)oxygen-starved skin.
E)been exposed to cyanide.

Question 27

The ________ in keratinocytes protects the epidermis and dermis from the harmful effects of sunlight.

A)sebum
B)hemoglobin
C)melanin
D)carotene
E)keratin

Question 28

All of the following can be used in the management of severe burn except

A)antibiotics.
B)fluid replacement.
C)corticosteroids.
D)skin graft.
E)cell culture.

Question 29

________ is a pigment found in vegetables that can make the skin appear orange or yellow.

A)Melanin
B)Chlorophyll
C)Carotene
D)Hemoglobin
E)Bilirubin

Question 30

If the epidermis,dermis,and part of hypodermis are burned,it is classified as

A)first degree.
B)second degree.
C)partial thickness.
D)full thickness.
E)none of the choices.

Question 31

When the arrector pili muscles contract,

A)"goose bumps" are formed.
B)hairs are shed.
C)sweat is released from sweat glands.
D)shivering occurs.
E)the skin changes color.

Question 32

The layer of the skin that contains bundles of collagen and elastic fibers responsible for the strength of the skin is the ________ layer.

A)papillary
B)reticular
C)epidermal
D)subcutaneous
E)hypodermal

Question 33

Each of the following statements concerning hair is true except

A)the medulla is the soft core of the hair.
B)the cortex of the hair is composed of hard keratin.
C)terminal hairs are heavy and more darkly pigmented than other types of hair.
D)club hair is hair that has ceased growing.
E)scalp hairs grow constantly throughout life.

Question 34

Melanin is produced by melanocytes within the stratum

A)corneum.
B)lucidum.
C)granulosum.
D)spinosum.
E)basale.

Question 35

The most dangerous type of skin cancer is termed

A)cyanosis.
B)basal cell carcinoma.
C)malignant melanoma.
D)metastasis.
E)melanosome.

Question 36

Skin wrinkle and sagging is caused by

A)UV radiation.
B)hormonal changes.
C)aging.
D)all of the choices.
E)none of the choices.

Question 37

From what layer of skin are melanosomes released?

A)stratum coneum
B)stratum basale
C)papillary layer of dermis
D)reticular layer of dermis
E)hypodermis

Question 38

All of the following are true of the hypodermis except it

A)contains many blood vessels.
B)permits independent movement of deeper structures.
C)contains large amounts of adipose tissue.
D)is attached to the dermis by a basement membrane.
E)stores energy reserves.

Question 39

Central adiposity is strongly associated with

A)liver diseases.
B)lung diseases.
C)kidney disorders.
D)cardiovascular disorders.
E)reproductive illnesses.

Question 40

All of the following are functions of accessory structures of integument except

A)thermoregulation.
B)protection of skull.
C)sensation of touch.
D)production of skin pigments.
E)excretion of sweat.

Question 41

Why would an elderly person be more prone to skin infections than a younger person?

A)Skin repairs take longer in the elderly.
B)The epidermis is thinner in the elderly.
C)There are fewer dendritic cells in the skin of the elderly.
D)All of the answers are correct.

Question 42

The substance called sebum is commonly known as

A)regular sweat.
B)earwax.
C)milk.
D)skin oil.
E)odiferous sweat.

Question 43

All of the following are true of perspiration produced by merocrine sweat glands except that it

A)is very watery.
B)contains electrolytes and waste products.
C)helps cool the body when it evaporates.
D)helps prevent bacteria from colonizing the skin.
E)produces the body odor characteristic of "sweating."

Question 44

At the base of a nail,keratinized skin called the cuticle is also called the

A)eponychium.
B)lunula.
C)hyponychium.
D)cerumen.
E)phalanx.

Question 45

From what structure does merocrine secretion occur?

A)ceruminous gland
B)mammary gland
C)apocrine sweat gland
D)sebaceous gland
E)eccrine sweat gland

Question 46

________ hairs are coarse pigmented hairs.

A)Vellus
B)Dense
C)Follicular
D)Terminal
E)Keratinous

Question 47

The effects of aging on the skin include

A)a decline in the activity of sebaceous glands.
B)increased production of vitamin D.
C)thickening of the epidermis.
D)an increased blood supply to the dermis.
E)an increased number of sweat glands.

Question 48

The highest concentration of merocrine sweat glands is found

A)in the axillae.
B)on the chest.
C)on the palms of the hands.
D)on the upper back.
E)surrounding the genitals.

Question 49

Nail production occurs at the nail

A)body.
B)bed.
C)root.
D)cuticle.
E)hyponychium.

Question 50

All of the following are correct regarding hair growth cycle except that

A)a hair in the scalp grows for 2 - 5 years.
B)a healthy adult with full head of hair may lose up to 100 hairs each day.
C)during the active phase,the hair grows continuously.
D)club hair is shed during follicle reactivation.
E)the hair becomes club hair during regression phase.

Question 51

________ are fine hairs that lack pigment and cover much of the body surface.

A)Vellus hairs
B)Velvet hairs
C)Follicular hairs
D)Terminal hairs

Question 52

The ________ glands in the axilla become active at the time of puberty.

A)ceruminous
B)apocrine sweat
C)merocrine sweat
D)sebaceous
E)axillary

Question 53

Perspiration is produced by ________ glands.

A)ceruminous
B)apocrine sweat
C)merocrine sweat
D)sebaceous
E)mammary

Question 54

The nail body covers the

A)nail root.
B)nail bed.
C)lunula.
D)free edge.
E)hyponychium.

Question 55

Wrinkles in elderly individuals are the result of

A)increased production of epidermis.
B)loss of elastic filaments in the reticular layer of the dermis.
C)increased keratinization of the epidermis.
D)the loss of glands and hair follicles from the skin.
E)decreased thickness of the dermis.

Question 56

Milk is produced by ________ glands.

A)sebaceous
B)mammary
C)merocrine sweat
D)ceruminous
E)eccrine sweat

Question 57

Merocrine sweat glands

A)are compound alveolar glands.
B)produce organic secretions that are metabolized by bacteria to produce body odor.
C)secrete a watery fluid directly onto the surface of the skin.
D)increase in number and activity with aging.
E)primarily function in lubricating the hairs.

Question 58

Which of the following is a holocrine exocrine gland?

A)sebaceous
B)apocrine
C)merocrine
D)mammary
E)ceruminous

Question 59

________ sweat glands are widely distributed across the body surface,________ glands are located wherever hair follicles exist,and ________ sweat glands are found only in a few areas.

A)Sebaceous; merocrine; apocrine
B)Apocrine; merocrine; sebaceous
C)Merocrine; sebaceous; apocrine
D)Merocrine; apocrine; sebaceous
E)Apocrine; sebaceous; merocrine

Question 60

Dandruff is a disorder that results in dry skin flakes forming in the scalp.A common cause of dandruff could be

A)inflammation around sebaceous glands.
B)lack of lamellated corpuscles.
C)overactive arrector pili muscles.
D)inactive apocrine sweat glands.
E)inactive merocrine sweat glands.

Question 61

A fibrin clot that is formed over a skin wound is called

A)a scab.
B)a keloid.
C)granulation tissue.
D)a clot.
E)a lesion.

Question 62

Skin can regenerate effectively even after considerable damage has occurred because

A)the epidermis of the skin has a rich supply of small blood vessels.
B)stem cells persist in both epithelial and connective-tissue components of the skin even after injury.
C)fibroblasts in the dermis can give rise to new germinal cells in the epidermis.
D)contraction in the area of the injury brings cells of adjacent strata together.
E)cells of the stratum basale cannot migrate to other positions in the skin.

Question 63

The combination of fibrin clot,fibroblasts,and extensive capillary network that is formed in injured skin is called

A)a scab.
B)a keloid.
C)granulation tissue.
D)a clot.
E)a lesion.

Question 64

A splinter that penetrates to the third layer of epidermis of the palm is lodged in which layer?

A)stratum basale
B)stratum granulosum
C)stratum lucidum
D)stratum corneum
E)stratum spinosum

Question 65

Vitamin ________ is formed in the skin when it is exposed to sunlight.

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 66

The following are stages in the regeneration of skin following an injury. 1.blood clot/scab formation
2)cellular migration
3)epidermis covers granulation tissue
4)epidermis covers scar tissue
Which of the following places the steps in the correct order?

A)1,2,3,4
B)4,3,2,1
C)4,3,1,2
D)3,4,1,2
E)2,4,1,3

Question 67

Identify the two major components of the cutaneous membrane.

A)dermis and epidermis
B)dermis and subcutaneous layer
C)epidermis and subcutaneous layer
D)dermis and the cutaneous plexus
E)epidermis and the cutaneous plexus

Question 68

Identify the five layers of the epidermis (from superficial to deep).

A)stratum basale,stratum spinosum,stratum granulosum,stratum lucidum,and stratum corneum
B)stratum basale,stratum granulosum,stratum lucidum,stratum corneum,stratum spinosum
C)stratum basale,stratum granulosum,stratum lucideum,stratum spinosum,stratum corneum
D)stratum corneum,stratum lucidum,stratum granulosum,stratum basale,stratum spinosum
E)stratum corneum,stratum lucidum,stratum granulosum,stratum spinosum,stratum basale

Question 69

Name the two pigments contained in the epidermis.

A)carotene and melatonin
B)creatinine and melatonin
C)carotene and melanin
D)keratin and melanin
E)carnitine and melanoma

Question 70

Compare thin skin with thick skin.

A)Thin skin has only 1 layer and is found on lips,eyelids,and other delicate structures.Thick skin has hundreds of layers and is found all over the body except where thin skin is found.
B)Thin skin has only 1 layer and contains only the epidermis.Thick skin has 2 layers made up of the epidermis and dermis.
C)Thin skin has 4 layers and covers most of the body surfaces.Thick skin has 5 layers and covers the palms of the hands and soles of the feet.
D)Thin skin has 4 layers and covers the palms of the hands and soles of the feet.Thick skin has 4 layers and covers most of the body surfaces.
E)Thin skin contains the epidermis and dermis but not the subcutaneous layer.Thick skin contains the epidermis,dermis and subcutaneous layer.

Question 71

Rickets can be prevented by

A)adequate sunlight.
B)dietary intake of cholecalciferol.
C)avoiding sunlight.
D)adequate sunlight and dietary intake of cholecalciferol.
E)dietary intake of cholecalciferol and avoiding sunlight.

Question 72

Vitamin D3 formed within the skin has all of these effects on other organ systems except that it

A)is essential for absorption of calcium and phosphorus by the digestive system.
B)functions as a precursor for the hormone calcitriol in the endocrine system.
C)is essential for bone maintenance.
D)functions in the activation of plasma cells by the lymphatic system.
E)is essential for bone growth.

Question 73

Scar tissue is the result of

A)large numbers of collagen fibers and relatively few blood vessels in the injured area.
B)increased numbers of epidermal layers in the area of the injury.
C)a thickened stratum basale in the area of the injury.
D)increased numbers of fibroblasts in the injured area.
E)a lack of sebaceous glands in the injured area.

Question 74

A thickened area of scar tissue that is covered by a shiny,smooth epidermal surface is called

A)a scab.
B)a keloid.
C)granulation tissue.
D)a clot.
E)a lesion.

Question 75

Dandruff is caused by excessive shedding of cells from the outer layer of skin on the scalp.So,dandruff is composed of cells from which epidermal layer?

A)stratum basale
B)stratum granulosum
C)stratum lucidum
D)stratum corneum
E)stratum spinosum

Question 76

Granulation tissue is composed of

A)clotted blood.
B)an extensive capillary network.
C)fibroblasts.
D)All of the answers are correct.

Question 77

Epidermal growth factor exerts all of the following effects on the epidermis except

A)promoting cell division.
B)stimulating keratin synthesis.
C)accelerating tissue repair.
D)speeding up glandular function.
E)stimulating melanin production.

Question 78

Which of the following is not an effect of ultraviolet radiation?

A)increased activity by melanocytes
B)production of cholecalciferol within epidermal cells
C)wrinkles
D)chromosomal damage in basal cells or melanocytes
E)hair growth

Question 79

In a penetrating wound,________ divide to produce mobile cells that repair the dermis.

A)granulation cells
B)dendritic cells
C)macrophages
D)fibroblasts
E)muscle cells

Question 80

The repair of the epidermis after a wound begins as basal cells produce new

A)elastic fibers.
B)collagen fibers.
C)reticular fibers.
D)dense connective tissue.
E)epidermal cells.