Deck 24: The Urinary System

Question 1

Which of the following descriptions best matches the term "renal papilla"?

A)releases renin
B)granular tissue separating renal pyramids
C)final urine enters here
D)initial filtrate enters here
E)tip of the medullary pyramid

Answer 1

E

Question 2

The prominent indentation on the medial surface of the kidney is the

A)calyx.
B)pelvis.
C)ureter.
D)hilum.
E)pyramid.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The expanded beginning of the ureter connects to the

A)renal sinus.
B)renal pelvis.
C)renal calyx.
D)renal hilum.
E)renal corpuscle.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Figure 24-1
Identify the structure labeled "8."

A)renal sinus
B)fibrous capsule
C)renal pyramid
D)renal papilla
E)renal column

Question 5

The cavity of the kidney that receives urine from the calyces is called the

A)renal papilla.
B)renal pelvis.
C)renal medulla.
D)renal cortex.
E)renal sinus.

Question 6

Figure 24-1
Identify the structure labeled "6."

A)renal pelvis
B)minor calyx
C)ureter
D)major calyx
E)renal column

Question 7

Urine is temporarily stored in the

A)prostate gland.
B)renal pelvis.
C)gallbladder.
D)urinary bladder.
E)kidneys.

Question 8

Each of the following organs is part of the urinary system except the

A)kidney.
B)urinary bladder.
C)adrenal glands.
D)ureter.
E)urethra.

Question 9

Triangular or conical structures located in the renal medulla are called

A)renal pyramids.
B)renal columns.
C)renal pelvises.
D)nephrons.
E)calyces.

Question 10

All of the following are true of the kidneys exceptthat they are

A)located in a position that is retroperitoneal.
B)surrounded by a fibrous capsule.
C)located partly within the pelvic cavity.
D)held in place by the renal fascia.
E)covered by peritoneum.

Question 11

The left kidney lies ________ to the right kidney.

A)slightly inferior
B)slightly superior
C)slightly posterior
D)slightly transverse
E)slightly ipsilateral

Question 12

Major calyces are

A)large tributaries of the renal pelvis.
B)expanded ends of nephrons.
C)basic functional layers of the kidney.
D)conical structures that are located in the renal medulla.
E)the expanded ends of renal pyramids.

Question 13

Renal columns are

A)internal cavities lined by the fibrous capsule.
B)expanded ends of the ureters.
C)the basic functional units of the kidney.
D)bundles of tissue that extend between pyramids from the cortex.
E)conical structures that are located in the renal medulla.

Question 14

Figure 24-1
Identify the structure labeled "9."

A)renal pelvis
B)minor calyx
C)ureter
D)major calyx
E)renal column

Question 15

Which of the following descriptions best matches the term calyx?

A)releases renin
B)superficial portion of the kidney
C)final urine enters here
D)initial filtrate enters here
E)tip of the medullary pyramid

Question 16

The outermost layer of the kidney is the

A)renal cortex.
B)renal medulla.
C)major calyx.
D)fibrous capsule.
E)renal pelvis.

Question 17

Typical renal blood flow is about ________ percent of cardiac output under resting conditions.

A)5
B)10
C)25
D)40
E)50

Question 18

Which of the following is not a function of the urinary system?

A)excretes abundant protein molecules
B)regulates blood volume
C)contributes to stabilizing blood pH
D)eliminates organic waste products
E)regulates plasma concentrations of electrolytes

Question 19

Urine is carried to the urinary bladder by

A)blood vessels.
B)lymphatics.
C)the ureters.
D)the urethra.
E)the calyces.

Question 20

The renal sinus is

A)the innermost layer of kidney tissue.
B)part of a renal pyramid.
C)an internal cavity lined by the fibrous capsule.
D)a large branch of the renal pelvis.
E)a renal corpuscle.

Question 21

The functional unit of the kidney is the

A)calyx.
B)nephron.
C)collecting duct.
D)kidney lobe.
E)renal sinus.

Question 22

The primary function of the proximal convoluted tubule is

A)filtration.
B)reabsorbing nutrients.
C)secretion of acids and ammonia.
D)secretion of drugs.
E)adjusting the urine volume.

Question 23

The glomerular capsule and the glomerulus make up the

A)renal pyramid.
B)nephron loop.
C)renal corpuscle.
D)renal papilla.
E)collecting tubule system.

Question 24

The following is a list of the blood vessels that carry blood to the kidney.
1.afferent arteriole
2)arcuate artery
3)interlobar artery
4)renal artery
5)glomerulus
6)cortical radiate artery
7)efferent arteriole
8)peritubular capillary
What is the proper order in which blood passes through these vessels?

A)4,6,2,3,1,5,7,8
B)4,3,2,6,1,5,7,8
C)4,3,2,6,7,5,1,8
D)4,6,2,3,7,5,1,8
E)4,3,6,2,1,5,7,8

Question 25

Nephrons located close to the medulla with long nephron loops are called

A)calyces.
B)columnar nephrons.
C)cortical nephrons.
D)perimedullary nephrons.
E)juxtamedullary nephrons.

Question 26

Figure 24-1

-Which of the following is not found in the area labeled "3."

A)glomeruli
B)proximal convoluted tubules
C)vasa recta
D)distal convoluted tubules
E)peritubular capillaries

Question 27

The portion of the nephron that empties into the collecting duct is the

A)nephron loop.
B)proximal convoluted tubule.
C)distal convoluted tubule.
D)papillary tubule.
E)calyx.

Question 28

The ________ delivers urine to a minor calyx.

A)nephron loop
B)distal convoluted tubule
C)papillary duct
D)renal corpuscle
E)ureter

Question 29

The filtrate first passes from the glomerular capsule to the

A)nephron loop.
B)proximal convoluted tubule.
C)distal convoluted tubule.
D)collecting duct.
E)minor calyx.

Question 30

Eighty-five percent of nephrons in the human kidney are located in the ________ and have short nephron loops.

A)medulla
B)cortex
C)fibrous capsule
D)renal columns
E)renal pelvis

Question 31

Figure 24-1
Identify the structure labeled "5."

A)renal sinus
B)fibrous capsule
C)renal pyramid
D)renal papilla
E)renal column

Question 32

Each of the following is a normal constituent of urine except

A)hydrogen ions.
B)urea.
C)proteins.
D)uric acid.
E)creatinine.

Question 33

The process of filtration occurs at the

A)proximal convoluted tubule.
B)distal convoluted tubule.
C)collecting duct.
D)nephron loop.
E)glomerulus.

Question 34

Figure 24-1
The efferent arteriole of a nephron divides to form a network of capillaries within the cortex called the ________ capillaries.

A)peritubular
B)glomerular
C)vasa recta
D)cortical
E)efferent

Question 35

The ________ is a capillary plexus that parallels the nephron loop.

A)vasa recta
B)lamina propria
C)trigone
D)renal corpuscle
E)glomerulus

Question 36

________ nephrons are essential to water conservation and the production of concentrated urine.

A)Cortical
B)Juxtamedullary
C)Both Cortical and Juxtamedullary nephrons
D)Neither Cortical nor Juxtamedullary nephrons,as only collecting tubules conserve water.

Question 37

The afferent arteriole in the kidney

A)is also known as the descending limb of the nephron loop.
B)empties directly into the calyx of the medulla.
C)carries blood to the glomerulus.
D)carries blood from glomerular capsule to the nephron loop.
E)returns blood to the inferior vena cava.

Question 38

The U-shaped segment of the nephron is the

A)nephron loop.
B)proximal convoluted tubule.
C)distal convoluted tubule.
D)collecting loop.
E)minor calyx.

Question 39

Blood leaves the glomerulus through a blood vessel called the

A)afferent arteriole.
B)efferent arteriole.
C)vasa recta.
D)cortical radiate artery.
E)renal vein.

Question 40

A glomerulus is

A)the expanded end of a nephron.
B)a knot of capillaries within the renal corpuscle.
C)the middle segment of the renal tubule.
D)attached to the collecting duct.
E)the horseshoe-shaped segment of the nephron.

Question 41

The most abundant waste solute in urine is

A)potassium.
B)urea.
C)uric acid.
D)protein.
E)creatinine.

Question 42

One mechanism the kidney uses to raise systemic blood pressure is to

A)increase secretion of renin by the juxtaglomerular complex.
B)decrease secretion of aldosterone.
C)increase release of angiotensin II by the suprarenal glands.
D)increase filtration into glomerular (Bowman's)capsule.
E)decrease urinary albumin concentration.

Question 43

Substances larger than ________ do not pass through the filtration membrane.

A)sodium ions
B)glucose
C)albumin
D)amino acids
E)urea

Question 44

Which of the following substances is not secreted

A)hydrogen.
B)penicillin.
C)creatinine.
D)potassium ions.
E)glucose.

Question 45

Under normal conditions,glomerular filtration depends on three main pressures.Which of those pressures is a pressure that favors the filtration pressure?

A)glomerular hydrostatic pressure
B)capsular hydrostatic pressure
C)capsular colloid osmotic pressure
D)blood colloid osmotic pressure
E)urinary bladder hydrostatic pressure

Question 46

Increased sympathetic tone can do all of the following except

A)produce venoconstriction of blood reservoirs.
B)increase the glomerular filtration rate.
C)increase cardiac output.
D)stimulate peripheral vasoconstriction.
E)increase systemic blood pressure.

Question 47

Regarding kidney function,in reabsorption,

A)solutes enter the tubular fluid after exiting the peritubular fluid and crossing the tubular epithelium.
B)water and solutes are transported from the tubular fluid,across the tubular,epithelium,and into the peritubular fluid.
C)blood pressure forces water and solutes across the membranes of the glomerular capillaries and into the capsular space.

Question 48

Figure 24-2

-Which structure is the collecting duct?

A)1
B)3
C)4
D)5
E)6

Question 49

Which of the following formulas will allow you to calculate the net filtration pressure (FP)? (Hint: GHP = glomerular hydrostatic pressure,BCOP = blood colloidal osmotic pressure,CsHP = capsular hydrostatic pressure.)

A)FP = GHP + CsHP - BCOP
B)FP = GHP - (CsHP + BCOP)
C)FP = CsHP + GHP - BCOP
D)FP = BCOP - GHP + CsHP
E)FP = BCOP + (GHP - CsHP)

Question 50

Approximately ________ liters of glomerular filtrate enter glomerular capsules each day.

A)480
B)180
C)125
D)18
E)1)8

Question 51

Figure 24-2
What physiological process occurs at the structure labeled "2"?

A)reabsorption
B)excretion
C)secretion
D)filtration
E)micturition

Question 52

Figure 24-2

-Where does most nutrient reabsorption occur?

A)2
B)1
C)4
D)5
E)6

Question 53

The structure known as the juxtaglomerular complex is located near the

A)proximal convoluted tubule.
B)glomerulus.
C)collecting duct.
D)nephron loop.
E)renal papilla.

Question 54

As the filtrate passes through the renal tubules,approximately what percentage is reabsorbed and returned to the circulation?

A)1
B)38
C)63
D)74
E)99

Question 55

The filtration membrane in the renal corpuscle consists of what three layers?

A)filtration slits,foot processes,and slit pores
B)fenestrations,matrix,and foot processes
C)endothelium of glomerulus,dense layer of glomerulus,and podocyte filtration slits
D)dense layer of glomerulus,foot processes,and fenestrations in the capsule
E)podocyte filtration slits,matrix cells in the glomerulus,and endothelium of glomerulus

Question 56

The amount of filtrate produced by the kidneys each minute is called the

A)corpuscular output.
B)autoregulation capacity.
C)filtration ratio.
D)net filtration pressure.
E)glomerular filtration rate.

Question 57

The process of filtration is driven by

A)active transport.
B)blood colloid osmotic pressure.
C)glomerular hydrostatic pressure.
D)renal pumping.
E)net filtration pressure.

Question 58

Regarding kidney function,in ________,solutes are transported from the peritubular fluid across the tubular epithelium and into the tubular fluid.

A)filtration
B)reabsorption
C)secretion
D)both reabsorption and secretion
E)filtration,reabsorption and secretion

Question 59

Autoregulation of the rate of glomerular filtration does not depend on

A)changes in the afferent arteriole.
B)changes in the mesangial cells.
C)changes in the efferent arteriole.
D)release of renin by the juxtaglomerular complex.
E)None of the answers is correct.

Question 60

Tubular reabsorption involves all of the following except

A)active transport.
B)facilitated diffusion.
C)secondary active transport.
D)osmosis.
E)phagocytosis.

Question 61

All of the following structures are subject to a urinary tract infection except

A)rugae.
B)a urethra.
C)a calyx.
D)a trigone.
E)ureteral openings.

Question 62

Countercurrent multiplication takes place in the

A)collecting duct.
B)distal convoluted tubule.
C)nephron loop.
D)glomerular capsule.
E)glomerulus.

Question 63

The inability of the kidneys to excrete adequately to maintain homeostasis is termed

A)glomerulonephritis.
B)polycystic kidney disease.
C)calculi.
D)renal failure.
E)hematuria.

Question 64

Antidiuretic hormone

A)increases the permeability of the collecting ducts to water by increasing the number of aquaporins.
B)is secreted in response to low potassium ion in the blood.
C)causes the kidneys to produce a larger volume of very dilute urine.
D)increases the permeability of the collecting ducts to water by decreasing the number of aquaporins.
E)release is insensitive to the osmolarity of interstitial fluid.

Question 65

Chloride ion is reabsorbed in the thick ascending limb by

A)simple diffusion.
B)facilitated diffusion.
C)active transport.
D)cotransport with Na ions.
E)countertransport for bicarbonate ion.

Question 66

A healthy adult typically produces ________ of urine per day.

A)25 mL
B)250 mL
C)500 mL
D)1200 mL
E)2500 mL

Question 67

When the level of ADH (antidiuretic hormone)decreases,

A)more urine is produced.
B)less urine is produced.
C)the osmolarity of the urine decreases.
D)both more urine is produced and the osmolarity of the urine decreases.
E)both less urine is produced and the osmolarity of the urine decreases.

Question 68

The DCT secretes hydrogen ions in exchange for sodium ions by the process of

A)diffusion.
B)facilitated diffusion.
C)osmosis.
D)cotransport.
E)energy-dependent exchange pump.

Question 69

In response to increased levels of aldosterone,the kidneys produce

A)a larger volume of urine.
B)urine with a higher concentration of sodium ions.
C)urine with a lower concentration of potassium ions.
D)urine with a lower concentration of sodium ions.
E)urine with less glucose.

Question 70

The ability to form concentrated urine depends on the functions of

A)the proximal convoluted tubule.
B)the distal convoluted tubule.
C)the collecting duct.
D)the nephron loop.
E)both the distal convoluted tubule and the collecting duct.

Question 71

Which of the following is characterized as a slowly progressing disease that is irreversible?

A)acute renal failure
B)chronic renal failure
C)dysuria
D)prostate enlargement
E)kidney stones

Question 72

Which of the tubules is impermeable to water?

A)proximal convoluted tubule
B)descending limb of the nephron loop
C)ascending limb of the nephron loop
D)distal convoluted tubule
E)None of the answers is correct.All of the tubules are water-permeable.

Question 73

At which point is the osmotic concentration of filtrate highest?

A)as it leaves the glomerular capsule
B)as it enters the proximal convoluted tubule
C)as it enters the descending limb of the nephron loop
D)at the deepest point of the nephron loop between the descending and ascending limbs of the nephron loop
E)as it blends with tubular fluid in the distal convoluted tubule

Question 74

An X-ray image of the urinary system is called a

A)urogram.
B)renogram.
C)nephrograph.
D)pyelogram.
E)pelvigram.

Question 75

________ is/are an immediately life-threatening condition.However,if an individual survives the incident,full recovery is often possible.

A)Acute renal failure
B)Chronic renal failure
C)Dysuria
D)Prostate enlargement
E)Kidney stones

Question 76

A patient excretes a large volume of very dilute urine on a continuing basis.This is may be due to

A)excessive ADH secretion.
B)absence of ADH.
C)hematuric oliguria.
D)overproduction of aldosterone.
E)dilation of the afferent arterioles.

Question 77

The mechanism for producing concentrated urine involves all of the following except

A)the secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH).
B)aquaporins being inserted into the membranes of the collecting duct cells.
C)a high concentration of NaCl in the fluid surrounding the collecting ducts.
D)a properly functioning nephron loop.
E)the release of natriuretic peptides.

Question 78

What percentage of nutrients (glucose,amino acids,etc.)is reabsorbed in the PCT?

A)25
B)50
C)75
D)90
E)99

Question 79

Which of the following descriptions does not describe a function of the nephron loop?

A)relies on countercurrent multiplication
B)creates high NaCl concentration in the renal medulla
C)enables production of hypertonic urine
D)enables production of hypotonic urine
E)None of the answers is correct.

Question 80

Which of the following is greater?

A)the concentration of solute in the filtrate at the beginning of the nephron loop
B)the concentration of solute in the filtrate at the bottom of the nephron loop
C)The concentrations at the top and bottom are identical.