Deck 22: The Digestive System

Question 1

The ability of smooth muscle to contract over a wide range of lengths is called ________,while its normal background level of activity is known as ________.

A)extensibility; plasticity
B)elasticity; tone
C)electicity; spasticity
D)plasticity; tone
E)plasticity; compaction

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which of the following statements is false?

A)Secretin and CCK are produced by the stomach and are important hormones in regulating digestion.
B)Parietal cells are activated during the cephalic phase.
C)The gastroileal and gastroenteric reflexes accelerate movement of materials throughout the small intestine.
D)Teniae coli of the large intestine correspond to the muscularis mucosa of the small intestine.
E)The external anal sphincter is composed of skeletal muscle.

Answer 2

Secretin and CCK are produced by the stomach and are important hormones in regulating digestion.

Question 3

Which layer of the digestive tract has a dense irregular connective tissue that surrounds the muscularis mucosae?

A)submucosa
B)digestive epithelium
C)muscular layer
D)lamina propria
E)mucosa

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of these descriptions best matches the term "submucosal plexus"?

A)component of mucosa
B)includes a sensory neural network
C)secretes a watery fluid
D)coordinates activity of the muscular layer
E)loose connective tissue layer containing blood vessels

Question 5

In the digestive and urinary systems,rings of smooth muscle,called ________,regulate the movement of materials along internal passageways.

A)circular muscles
B)longitudinal muscles
C)muscularis mucosae
D)sphincters
E)the muscular layer

Question 6

Contraction of the ________ alters the shape of the intestinal lumen and moves epithelial pleats and folds.

A)mucosa
B)submucosa
C)submucosal plexus
D)muscularis mucosa
E)adventitia

Question 7

Which of these descriptions best matches the term "myenteric plexus"?

A)component of mucosa
B)sensory neural network
C)secretes a watery fluid
D)coordinates activity of the muscular layer
E)loose connective tissue layer containing blood vessels

Question 8

Which of the following is an accessory organ of digestion?

A)appendix
B)pancreas
C)spleen
D)colon
E)esophagus

Question 9

Sensory nerve cells,parasympathetic ganglia,and sympathetic postganglionic fibers can be found in the

A)mucosa.
B)serosa.
C)adventitia.
D)submucosal plexus.
E)lamina propria.

Question 10

What type of muscle cells are arranged in sheets or layers,with adjacent muscle cells electrically connected by gap junctions and mechanically connected by dense bodies?

A)skeletal muscles
B)cardiac muscles
C)multi-unit smooth muscles
D)visceral smooth muscles

Question 11

The ________ is a double sheet of peritoneal membrane that suspends the visceral organs and carries nerves,lymphatics,and blood vessels.

A)serosa
B)adventitia
C)mesentery
D)fibrosa
E)lamina propria

Question 12

Each of the following organs is a component of the digestive tract exceptthe

A)stomach.
B)pharynx.
C)esophagus.
D)bladder.
E)colon.

Question 13

Waves of muscular contractions that propel the contents of the digestive tract are called

A)segmentations.
B)pendular movements.
C)peristalsis.
D)churning movements.
E)mastication.

Question 14

Sandwiched between the layer of circular and longitudinal muscle in the muscular layer is the

A)mucosa.
B)submucosa.
C)muscularis mucosa.
D)myenteric plexus.
E)submucosal plexus.

Question 15

The lamina propria and mucous epithelium are components of the

A)serosa.
B)adventitia.
C)muscularis mucosa.
D)mucosa.
E)submucosa.

Question 16

The physiological activities of the digestive system are not regulated by

A)hormones.
B)parasympathetic and sympathetic neurons.
C)the contents of the digestive tract.
D)intrinsic nerve plexuses.
E)the cerebral cortex

Question 17

The layer of loose connective tissue that directly supports the digestive epithelium is the

A)lamina propria.
B)muscularis mucosae.
C)submucosa.
D)submucosal plexus.
E)myenteric plexus.

Question 18

Which of the following is classified as being either squamous or columnar?

A)submucosa
B)mucosal epithelium
C)muscularis mucosae
D)lamina propria
E)mucosa

Question 19

A disease that attacks and disables the myenteric plexus would

A)increase intestinal motility.
B)decrease intestinal motility.
C)increase gastric secretion.
D)decrease gastric secretion.
E)interfere with both intestinal motility and gastric secretion.

Question 20

Large blood vessels and lymphatics are found in the

A)mucosa.
B)submucosa.
C)muscular layer.
D)adventitia.
E)serosa.

Question 21

Which of the following statements about the tongue is false?

A)The dorsal surface is covered with papillae.
B)It is composed of skeletal muscle.
C)The uvula attaches to the base.
D)It secretes lingual lipase.
E)It is innervated by the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII).

Question 22

The space between the cheeks or lips and the teeth is called the

A)pharynx.
B)larynx.
C)fauces.
D)vestibule.
E)dip sulcus.

Question 23

The crown of a tooth is covered by

A)enamel.
B)cement.
C)dentin.
D)pulp.
E)periodontium.

Question 24

Chemical breakdown of materials by acid and enzymes takes place in the

A)oral cavity.
B)esophagus.
C)stomach.
D)small intestine.
E)large intestine.

Question 25

The root of a tooth is covered by

A)enamel.
B)cement.
C)dentin.
D)pulp.
E)the root canal.

Question 26

The oral mucosa has ________ epithelium.

A)simple squamous
B)stratified squamous
C)pseudostratified
D)stratified columnar
E)transitional

Question 27

The functions of the oral cavity include all of the following except

A)analysis of material before swallowing.
B)mechanical processing of food.
C)lubrication.
D)absorption of monosaccharides.
E)digestion of carbohydrates.

Question 28

A structure that helps prevent food from entering the pharynx prematurely is the

A)uvula.
B)pharyngeal arch.
C)palatoglossal arch.
D)palatopharyngeal arch.
E)epiglottis.

Question 29

The chamber within a tooth that contains blood vessels and nerves is the

A)enamel.
B)cement.
C)dentin.
D)pulp cavity.
E)periodontium.

Question 30

Which of the following is not a function of the tongue?

A)manipulation to assist with chewing
B)mechanical processing
C)sensory analysis
D)secretion of mucins
E)saliva production

Question 31

The roof of the oral cavity is formed by

A)the hard palate.
B)the soft palate.
C)the frenulum.
D)both the hard palate and the soft palate.
E)the uvula.

Question 32

The bulk of each tooth consists of a mineralized matrix similar to that of bone called

A)enamel.
B)cement.
C)dentin.
D)pulp.
E)periodontium.

Question 33

The uvula is located at the

A)posterior of the tongue.
B)margin of the vestibule.
C)base of a tooth.
D)posterior margin of the soft palate.
E)margin of the oropharynx and the laryngopharynx.

Question 34

Which of the following is not a function of the digestive system?

A)mechanical processing
B)absorption
C)compaction
D)ingestion
E)filtration

Question 35

________ are blade-shaped teeth that function in cutting or clipping.

A)Canines
B)Bicuspids
C)Cuspids
D)Incisors
E)Molars

Question 36

Carbohydrate digestion begins in the

A)mouth.
B)esophagus.
C)stomach.
D)duodenum.
E)ileum.

Question 37

The upper and lower lips are attached to the gums by the

A)gingiva.
B)fauces.
C)lingual frenulum.
D)labial frenulum.
E)vestibule.

Question 38

The ridge of oral mucosa that surrounds the base of a tooth is the

A)vestibule.
B)gingiva.
C)alveolus.
D)uvula.
E)faux.

Question 39

All of the following are associated with the oral cavity except

A)mechanical processing of food.
B)rapid absorption of lipid-soluble drugs.
C)initial digestion of carbohydrates and proteins.
D)aiding in speech.
E)lined by stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium.

Question 40

The movement of organic molecules,electrolytes,minerals,and water across the digestive epithelium into interstitial fluid is known as

A)peristalsis.
B)absorption.
C)compaction.
D)ingestion.
E)filtration.

Question 41

________ are also known as canines.

A)Bicuspids
B)Incisors
C)Molars
D)Secondary teeth
E)Cuspids

Question 42

________ are pointed teeth that are adapted for tearing and slashing.

A)Incisors
B)Bicuspids
C)Premolars
D)Cuspids
E)Molars

Question 43

Approximately ________ liters of fluid are secreted and reabsorbed into the peritoneal cavity each day.

A)5
B)10
C)2
D)1
E)7

Question 44

The ________ of the tooth marks the boundary between the crown and the root.

A)occlusal surface
B)cement.
C)gingival sulcus
D)apical foramen
E)neck

Question 45

Ascites,the accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity,would not be caused by

A)liver disease.
B)cancer.
C)kidney disease.
D)dehydration.
E)heart failure.

Question 46

Which of the following is not true of the serous membrane that lines the peritoneal cavity?

A)It secretes peritoneal fluid.
B)It decreases friction.
C)It lubricates the cavity.
D)It prevents irritation.
E)It can be directly observed during a colonoscopy.

Question 47

Which of the following is a function of the incisors?

A)tearing
B)crushing
C)cutting
D)mashing
E)grinding

Question 48

The articulation between the periodontal ligament and the bone at the base of the tooth is what type of joint?

A)syndesmosis
B)synostosis
C)suture
D)gomphosis
E)symphysis

Question 49

During deglutition,

A)the soft palate elevates.
B)the larynx elevates and the epiglottis closes.
C)the lower esophageal sphincter opens.
D)All of the answers are correct.
E)None of the answers is correct.

Question 50

X-rays of the mandible and maxillae of an average 4-year-old child would capture the image of ________ teeth.

A)18
B)20
C)26
D)32
E)52

Question 51

The root of each tooth sits in a bony cavity known as a(n)

A)cement.
B)alveolus.
C)sulcus.
D)buccal.
E)ileum.

Question 52

________ crush and grind food.

A)Bicuspids
B)Incisors
C)Molars
D)Cuspids
E)Both bicuspids and molars

Question 53

The ________ supports most of the small intestine and provides stability and limited movement.

A)falciform ligament
B)greater omentum
C)mesentery proper
D)lesser omentum
E)diaphragm

Question 54

What provides access for blood vessels entering and leaving the liver?

A)falciform ligament
B)greater omentum
C)mesentery proper
D)lesser omentum
E)diaphragm

Question 55

Which of the following is not a phase of deglutition?

A)buccal
B)pharyngeal
C)laryngeal
D)esophageal
E)None of the answers is correct; all are phases in deglutition.

Question 56

There are normally a total of ________ primary teeth.

A)18
B)20
C)22
D)26
E)32

Question 57

Which of the following contains adipose tissue and provides padding for the anterior and lateral portions of the abdomen?

A)falciform ligament
B)greater omentum
C)mesentery proper
D)lesser omentum
E)diaphragm

Question 58

Muscles known as the pharyngeal constrictors function in

A)mastication.
B)moving the tongue.
C)swallowing.
D)esophageal peristalsis.
E)opening the cardiac sphincter.

Question 59

________ are teeth with flattened crowns and prominent ridges that are adapted for crushing and grinding.

A)Molars
B)Cuspids
C)Eye teeth
D)Canines
E)Dentins

Question 60

The first teeth to appear are not associated with

A)milk teeth.
B)baby teeth.
C)wisdom teeth.
D)primary teeth.
E)deciduous teeth.

Question 61

Parietal cells and their secretions are not involved in

A)the absorption of vitamin B12.
B)erythropoiesis.
C)the release of bicarbonate into the stomach.
D)activation of pepsinogen to pepsin.
E)the release of bicarbonate into the blood.

Question 62

Figure 21-1

-The ________ mechanically digests ingested food.

A)small intestine
B)esophagus
C)large intestine
D)stomach
E)anus

Question 63

After food and gastric juices combine,the gastric contents are referred to as

A)a bolus.
B)secretin.
C)plicae.
D)chyme.
E)bile.

Question 64

Chief cells secrete

A)pepsinogen.
B)gastrin.
C)mucus.
D)hydrochloric acid.
E)intrinsic factor.

Question 65

Figure 21-1
Identify the structure labeled "12."

A)fundus
B)cardia
C)lesser curvature
D)greater curvature
E)pylorus

Question 66

All of the following are true of the lining of the stomach except that it

A)has a simple columnar epithelium.
B)is covered by thick,alkaline mucus.
C)is constantly being replaced.
D)contains gastric pits.
E)recycles bile.

Question 67

The greater omentum is

A)the entrance to the stomach.
B)attached to the stomach at the lesser curvature.
C)important in the digestion of fats.
D)a fatty sheet that hangs like an apron over the abdominal viscera.
E)a sheet of mesentery that attaches to the liver.

Question 68

Gastric pits are

A)ridges in the body of the stomach.
B)involved in absorption of liquids from the stomach.
C)openings into gastric glands.
D)acid scars in the esophagus.
E)hollows where proteins are stored.

Question 69

Figure 21-1
Identify the structure labeled "10."

A)longitudinal muscle layer
B)circular muscle layer
C)oblique muscle layer
D)rugae
E)submucosa

Question 70

Figure 21-1

-What is the function of the structure labeled "6"?

A)strains materials entering the stomach
B)regulates release of chyme into the duodenum
C)mixes stomach juice into food
D)controls contraction of stomach muscles
E)prevents food from entering the esophagus

Question 71

The part of the stomach that functions as a mixing chamber for food and secretions is the

A)body.
B)antrum.
C)pylorus.
D)cardia.
E)fundus.

Question 72

The esophagus connects to which region of the stomach?

A)fundus
B)cardia
C)body
D)antrum
E)pylorus

Question 73

The enzyme pepsin digests

A)carbohydrates.
B)proteins.
C)lipids.
D)nucleic acids.
E)vitamins.

Question 74

An enzyme secreted by the gastric mucosa of a newborn that assists in the digestion of milk proteins is

A)pepsin.
B)trypsin.
C)gastrin.
D)rennin.
E)cholecystokinin.

Question 75

Figure 21-1
Identify the structure labeled "7."

A)esophagus
B)cardia
C)lesser curvature
D)greater curvature
E)pylorus

Question 76

Regions of the stomach include all of the following except

A)cardia.
B)body.
C)pylorus.
D)ileum.
E)fundus.

Question 77

Figure 21-1

-Which structure helps the stomach to stretch as it fills with food?

A)3
B)4
C)5
D)6
E)9

Question 78

The region of the stomach that empties into the duodenum is the

A)antrum.
B)fundus.
C)body.
D)cardia.
E)pylorus.

Question 79

The portion of the stomach that is superior to the junction between the stomach and the esophagus is the

A)cardia.
B)pylorus.
C)fundus.
D)antrum.
E)body.

Question 80

The prominent ridges in the lining of the empty stomach are called

A)cardia.
B)papillae.
C)rugae.
D)plicae.
E)villi.