Deck 21: The Respiratory System

Question 1

The respiratory mucosa of the conducting airways consists of

A)pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium.
B)moist cuboidal epithelium.
C)simple squamous epithelium.
D)ciliated squamous epithelium.
E)surfactant cells.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The trachea,bronchi,bronchioles,and alveoli all make up the

A)upper respiratory tract.
B)lower respiratory tract.
C)internal respiratory tract.
D)alveoli of the respiratory tract.
E)respiratory mucosa.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The nasopharynx is divided from the rest of the pharynx by the

A)hard palate.
B)soft palate.
C)cribriform plate.
D)internal nares.
E)pharyngeal septum.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The openings to the nostrils are the

A)external nares.
B)internal nares.
C)vestibules.
D)conchae.
E)nasal apertures.

Question 5

Components of the upper respiratory system include all of the following except the

A)lips.
B)nose.
C)nasal cavity.
D)pharynx.
E)paranasal sinuses.

Question 6

The common passageway shared by the respiratory and digestive systems is the

A)larynx.
B)glottis.
C)vestibule.
D)pharynx.
E)trachea.

Question 7

The beating of the cilia of the respiratory passages in the direction of the pharynx forms the

A)respiratory mucosa.
B)lamina propria.
C)respiratory defense system.
D)mucus escalator.
E)conducting portion of the respiratory tract.

Question 8

A mucosa consists of

A)an epithelium.
B)an underlying layer of areolar tissue.
C)stratified squamous cells.
D)both an epithelium and an underlying layer of areolar tissue.
E)both an underlying layer of areolar tissue and stratified squamous cells.

Question 9

The portion of the nasal cavity contained within the flexible tissues of the external nose is the

A)nasopharynx.
B)vestibule.
C)internal chamber.
D)conchae.
E)nasal septum.

Question 10

Starting at the ________,the epithelium changes to stratified squamous epithelium.

A)nasopharynx
B)trachea
C)oropharynx
D)larynx
E)nasal cavity

Question 11

Harry suffers from cystic fibrosis and has severe breathing difficulties.His problems result from

A)inability of the respiratory defense mechanism to transport mucus.
B)uncontrollable laryngospasms.
C)production of thick secretions that are difficult to transport.
D)both the inability of the respiratory defense mechanism to transport mucus and the production of thick secretions that are difficult to transport.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 12

________ is the most common lethal inherited disease affecting people of Northern European descent.

A)MRSA
B)Congestive heart failure
C)Cystic fibrosis
D)Myasthenia gravis
E)Parkinson's disease

Question 13

The auditory tubes open into the

A)nasopharynx.
B)oropharynx.
C)laryngopharynx.
D)larynx.
E)nasal cavity.

Question 14

Which of the following organs is not part of the lower respiratory system?

A)oropharynx
B)bronchioles
C)larynx
D)bronchi
E)alveoli

Question 15

Air entering the body is filtered,warmed,and humidified by the

A)upper respiratory tract.
B)lower respiratory tract.
C)lungs.
D)alveoli.
E)bronchioles.

Question 16

The conchae

A)divide the nasal cavity into a right and a left side.
B)provide an opening into the pharynx.
C)form part of the soft palate.
D)create turbulence in the air to trap particulate matter in mucus.
E)provide an opening to paranasal sinuses.

Question 17

Functions of the nasal cavity include all of the following except

A)filtering the air.
B)cooling the air.
C)humidifying the air.
D)trapping airborne particles.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 18

Which of the following systems is responsible for gas exchange?

A)urinary
B)respiratory
C)digestive
D)All of the answers are correct.
E)None of the answers is correct.

Question 19

The respiratory defense system is important for all of the following reasons except

A)helping filter the air.
B)helping warm the air.
C)keeping out debris.
D)keeping out pathogens.
E)providing gas exchange.

Question 20

The nasal cavity is separated from the oral cavity by the

A)hard palate.
B)soft palate.
C)cribriform plate.
D)internal nares.
E)pharyngeal septum.

Question 21

The nasal cavity is divided into left and right portions by the

A)hard palate.
B)soft palate.
C)cribriform plate.
D)internal nares.
E)nasal septum.

Question 22

The ________ extends between the soft palate and the base of the tongue at the level of the hyoid bone.

A)pharynx
B)laryngopharynx
C)trachea
D)epiglottis
E)oropharynx

Question 23

The vocal folds are located within the

A)nasopharynx.
B)oropharynx.
C)larynx.
D)trachea.
E)bronchi.

Question 24

Figure 21-1

-What is the function of the structures labeled "12"?

A)cause air to swirl within the respiratory passageway
B)improve warming of incoming air
C)create narrow passages
D)help olfaction
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 25

The paired cartilages that articulate with the superior border of the cricoid cartilage and help with opening and closing the glottis to produce sound are the ________ cartilages.

A)thyroid
B)tracheal
C)cuneiform
D)corniculate
E)arytenoid

Question 26

The larynx contains all of the followingexcept

A)three unpaired cartilages.
B)three paired cartilages.
C)a total of nine cartilages.
D)vestibular ligaments.
E)C-rings composed of hyaline cartilage.

Question 27

Which of the following is false about the pharynx?

A)It is shared by the integumentary and respiratory systems.
B)The nasopharynx is superior.
C)The oropharynx connects to oral cavity.
D)The laryngopharynx ends at esophagus opening.
E)Solids,liquids,and gases pass through.

Question 28

The largest shield-shaped cartilage of the larynx is the ________ cartilage.

A)thyroid
B)cricoid
C)cuneiform
D)arytenoid
E)epiglottal

Question 29

Breathing through the nose rather than the mouth is advantageous for all of the following reasons except

A)air is warmed on inhalation.
B)air is humidified on inhalation.
C)heat loss is reduced on exhalation.
D)water loss is reduced on exhalation.
E)decreased breath volumes on inhalation.

Question 30

The vocal ligaments are found in the

A)vestibular folds.
B)aryepiglottic folds.
C)rima glottidis.
D)vocal folds.
E)cricoid cartilage.

Question 31

Figure 21-1
Identify the structure labeled "2."

A)olfactory organ
B)oropharynx
C)nasopharynx
D)choanae
E)nasal sinus

Question 32

Figure 21-1
Identify the structure labeled "10."

A)hard palate
B)trachea
C)larynx
D)glottis
E)laryngopharynx

Question 33

The ring-shaped cartilage just inferior to the thyroid cartilage is the ________ cartilage.

A)epiglottal
B)cuneiform
C)corniculate
D)cricoid
E)arytenoid

Question 34

The elastic cartilage that covers the opening to the larynx during swallowing is the

A)thyroid cartilage.
B)cricoid cartilage.
C)corniculate cartilage.
D)cuneiform cartilage.
E)epiglottis.

Question 35

Inhaling through the nostrils is preferred over the mouth because

A)there is less resistance to flow.
B)it combines olfaction with respiration.
C)it allows better conditioning of the inhaled air.
D)bacteria won't be inhaled from the oral cavity.
E)it dries out the mouth.

Question 36

The visible and palpable prominence on the throat known as the Adam's apple is part of the

A)epiglottis.
B)cricoid cartilage.
C)glottis.
D)corniculate cartilage.
E)thyroid cartilage.

Question 37

Figure 21-1

-Which structure leads to the middle ear?

A)9
B)4
C)1
D)12
E)2

Question 38

Figure 21-1
Identify the structure labeled "7."

A)internal nares
B)esophagus
C)glottis
D)oropharynx
E)laryngopharynx

Question 39

Which of the following is not a function of the nasal mucosa?

A)humidify the incoming air
B)dehumidify the outgoing air
C)dehumidify the incoming air
D)trap particulate matter
E)cool outgoing air

Question 40

The glottis is

A)the soft tissue that hangs off the end of the soft palate.
B)a flap of elastic cartilage.
C)the opening to the larynx.
D)the opening to the pharynx.
E)part of the hard palate.

Question 41

Regarding the vestibular folds,the term vestibular refers to

A)an entryway.
B)balance.
C)vocal.
D)cartilage.
E)sound.

Question 42

The adult human trachea is about ________ in diameter and contains ________ tracheal cartilages.

A)1)0 cm; 15-20
B)1)0 cm; 10-15
C)2)5 cm; 15-20
D)2)5 cm; 40-50
E)None of the answers is correct.

Question 43

Secondary bronchi supply air to the

A)lungs.
B)lobes of the lungs.
C)lobules of the lungs.
D)alveoli.
E)alveolar ducts.

Question 44

During swallowing,all of the following occur except

A)solids are prevented from entering the respiratory tract.
B)the larynx is elevated.
C)the epiglottis folds over the glottis.
D)the uvula rises to block the oropharynx.
E)liquids are prevented from entering the respiratory tract.

Question 45

During a choking episode,most foreign objects are more likely to become lodged in the ________ bronchus due to its larger diameter and steeper angle.

A)right primary
B)left primary
C)right secondary
D)left secondary
E)None of the answers are more likely.

Question 46

Which of the following statements about the trachea is false?

A)It ends in the mediastinum.
B)It is reinforced with C-shaped cartilages.
C)It is also called the windpipe.
D)It alters its diameter in response to the autonomic nervous system.
E)It is reinforced with D-shaped cartilages.

Question 47

The opening or closing of the glottis involves rotational movement of the

A)vocal folds.
B)vestibular folds
C)rima glottidis.
D)arytenoid cartilages.
E)cricoid cartilages.

Question 48

Air traveling from the tertiary bronchi must pass through the ________ to reach the pulmonary lobule.

A)secondary bronchi
B)alveoli
C)primary bronchi
D)terminal bronchioles
E)trachea

Question 49

Air passing through the glottis vibrates the vocal folds and produces

A)speech.
B)articulation.
C)phonation.
D)whistling.
E)ululation.

Question 50

Which of the following is the best explanation for the C shape of the tracheal cartilages?

A)Large masses of food can pass through the esophagus during swallowing.
B)Large masses of air can pass through the trachea.
C)It facilitates turning of the head.
D)Cartilage can change shape during sympathetic activation.
E)Cartilage can constrict during an asthma attack.

Question 51

The most superior portion of the lung is termed the

A)base.
B)apex.
C)cardiac notch.
D)hilum.
E)oblique fissure.

Question 52

The laryngeal cartilage composed of elastic cartilage that prevents entry of solids or liquids into the larynx when swallowing is the

A)arytenoid cartilage.
B)corniculate cartilage.
C)cricoid cartilage.
D)epiglottis.
E)thyroid cartilage.

Question 53

What branches from the trachea?

A)terminal bronchioles
B)secondary bronchi
C)tertiary bronchi
D)primary bronchi
E)alveolar ducts

Question 54

Which of the following statements about bronchioles is true?

A)Sympathetic action causes bronchodilation.
B)Walls contain hyaline cartilage.
C)Extreme bronchodilation occurs in asthma.
D)The muscular walls are composed of a mixture of skeletal and smooth muscle.
E)Segmental bronchi are braches of terminal bronchioles.

Question 55

The ________ extends from the larynx to the mediastinum.

A)upper respiratory system
B)cricoid cartilage
C)primary bronchus
D)pharynx
E)trachea

Question 56

Modification of the sounds produced by the larynx is known as

A)vibration.
B)articulation.
C)speech.
D)phonation.
E)amplification.

Question 57

The airway that connects the larynx to the bronchi is the

A)trachea.
B)bronchiole.
C)laryngopharynx.
D)alveolar duct.
E)bronchus.

Question 58

In the lower respiratory tract,cartilage plates first appear at the

A)primary bronchi.
B)secondary bronchi.
C)tertiary bronchi.
D)bronchioles.
E)terminal bronchioles.

Question 59

The right lung has ________; the left lung has ________.

A)three lobes; two lobes
B)two lobes; two lobes
C)two lobes; three lobes
D)three lobes; three lobes
E)None of the answers is correct.

Question 60

Tension on the vocal cords is regulated by the

A)movement of the arytenoid cartilages.
B)extrinsic ligaments.
C)contraction of laryngeal muscles.
D)movement of the arytenoid cartilages and contraction of voluntary muscles.
E)None of the answers is correct.

Question 61

Pulmonary ventilation refers to the

A)movement of air into and out of the lungs.
B)movement of dissolved gases from the alveoli to the blood.
C)movement of dissolved gases from the blood to the interstitial space.
D)movement of dissolved gases from the interstitial space to the cells.
E)utilization of oxygen.

Question 62

The lungs are divided into lobes by structures called

A)grooves.
B)sutures.
C)notches.
D)fissures.
E)segments.

Question 63

When there is no air movement,the relationship between the intrapulmonary and atmospheric pressure is that

A)they are equal.
B)intrapulmonary pressure is greater than atmospheric.
C)atmospheric pressure is less than intrapulmonary.
D)atmospheric pressure is more than intrapulmonary.
E)intrapulmonary pressure is less than atmospheric.

Question 64

Which of the following is greater?

A)the partial pressure of oxygen in atmospheric air
B)the partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli

Question 65

Each terminal bronchiole supplies air directly to

A)a single pulmonary lobule.
B)over 150 million alveoli.
C)a single alveolar duct.
D)several alveolar sacs.
E)about 6500 bronchioles.

Question 66

At the level of the alveoli,where does gas exchange occur?

A)within the red blood cells
B)at the interconnections between adjacent alveoli
C)in the alveolar ducts
D)across the respiratory membrane
E)between type II pneumocytes and red blood cells

Question 67

The sites of gas exchange within the lungs are the

A)bronchioles.
B)terminal bronchioles.
C)pleural spaces.
D)alveoli.
E)falciform ligaments.

Question 68

Air moves out of the lungs when the pressure inside the lungs is

A)less than the pressure in the atmosphere.
B)greater than the pressure in the atmosphere.
C)equal to the pressure in the atmosphere.
D)greater than intra-alveolar pressure.
E)less than intrapulmonary pressure.

Question 69

Absorption of O₂ from blood and release of CO₂ from tissue cells is known as

A)external respiration.
B)internal respiration.
C)pulmonary ventilation.
D)gas diffusion.
E)alveolar ventilation.

Question 70

The ________ is a depression in the lung that allows attachment of the primary bronchi,pulmonary vessels,and other structures.

A)base
B)apex
C)hilum
D)root
E)cardiac notch

Question 71

The respiratory membrane of the gas exchange surfaces consists of

A)pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium.
B)moist cuboidal epithelium.
C)simple squamous epithelium.
D)ciliated squamous epithelium.
E)surfactant cells.

Question 72

Which respiratory organ features a cardiac notch?

A)right lung
B)left lung
C)right primary bronchus
D)left primary bronchus
E)both left lung and left primary bronchus

Question 73

If you looked closely at a pulmonary lobule,you would see all of the following structures except

A)cartilage plates.
B)alveoli.
C)a lymphatic vessel.
D)a branch of a pulmonary vein.
E)some elastic fibers.

Question 74

The technical term for "breathing" is

A)gas exchange.
B)pulmonary ventilation.
C)internal respiration.
D)external respiration.
E)alveolar ventilation.

Question 75

Boyle's law states that gas volume is

A)directly proportional to pressure.
B)directly proportional to temperature.
C)inversely proportional to pressure.
D)inversely proportional to temperature.
E)both directly proportional to pressure and directly proportional to temperature.

Question 76

Which of the following statements is true regarding activity in the alveoli?

A)Type II pneumocytes are the site of gas exchange.
B)Alveolar capillaries constrict when oxygen levels are high.
C)Type I pneumocytes produce surfactant.
D)Alveolar macrophages collect stray dust particles.
E)They are composed of simple cuboidal epithelium.

Question 77

The unit of measurement for pressure specifically preferred by many respiratory therapists is

A)mm Hg.
B)torr.
C)cm H2O.
D)All of the answers are correct.
E)None of the answers is correct.

Question 78

The ultimate function of pulmonary ventilation is to

A)remove carbon dioxide from the blood.
B)supply oxygen to the blood.
C)provide adequate alveolar ventilation.
D)remove air from dead air space.
E)prevent gas exchange in the bronchioles.

Question 79

The condition of having low tissue oxygen levels is known as

A)anoxia.
B)hypercapnia.
C)hypoventilation.
D)hyperoxia.
E)hypoxia.

Question 80

Damage to the type II pneumocytes of the lungs would result in all of the following except

A)a loss of surfactant.
B)a decreased rate of gas exchange.
C)increased surface tension in the alveoli.
D)increased tendency to alveolar collapse.
E)decreased number of dust cells.