Deck 17: Blood

Question 1

Which of the following statements about blood is false?

A)It contains buffers that control pH.
B)Normal pH is 6.8 to 7.0.
C)It is more viscous than water.
D)It is about 55 percent plasma.
E)None of the statements are false; all are true.

Answer 1

Normal pH is 6.8 to 7.0.

Question 2

Which organ secretes most of the plasma proteins?

A)pancreas
B)heart
C)kidney
D)brain
E)liver

Answer 2

E

Question 3

A plasma protein essential for blood coagulation is

A)albumin alpha.
B)fibrinogen.
C)immunoglobulin A.
D)platelets.
E)transport proteins.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The total volume of blood in the body of an adult male is approximately ________ liters.

A)10
B)6 to 8
C)5 to 6
D)4
E)3

Question 5

A typical adult hematocrit is

A)higher in males than females.
B)higher in females than males.
C)the same in both men and women.

Question 6

A hematocrit provides information on

A)blood type.
B)clotting factors.
C)formed elements abundance.
D)plasma composition.
E)sedimentation rate.

Question 7

Each of the following is a characteristic of whole blood except

A)the ability to absorb heat from active skeletal muscles.
B)viscosity about the same as water.
C)the ability to neutralize acids.
D)a built-in system for clotting.
E)deep red color.

Question 8

All of the following are components of the cardiovascular system except

A)blood.
B)arteries.
C)heart.
D)lymph vessels.
E)capillaries.

Question 9

Plasma proteins essential in body defense are the

A)albumins.
B)fibrinogens.
C)immunoglobulins.
D)platelets.
E)transport proteins.

Question 10

The chief differences between plasma and interstitial fluid involves the concentration of

A)water.
B)electrolytes.
C)nitrogen wastes.
D)proteins.
E)glucose.

Question 11

Formed elements make up about what percentage of blood?

A)55 percent
B)78 percent
C)60 percent
D)45 percent
E)20 percent

Question 12

Each of the following is a way that blood transports materials around the body except

A)nutrients from the digestive tract to the body.
B)hormones from endocrine glands to target cells.
C)carbon dioxide from the lungs to the tissues.
D)wastes from the cells to the kidneys.
E)stored nutrients from the liver to the tissues.

Question 13

The combination of plasma and formed elements is called

A)serum.
B)lymph.
C)whole blood.
D)extracellular fluid.
E)packed blood.

Question 14

The most abundant proteins in blood plasma are

A)globulins.
B)transport proteins.
C)albumins.
D)lipoproteins.
E)fibrinogens.

Question 15

Which of the following is not a component of plasma?

A)electrolytes
B)platelets
C)fibrinogen
D)albumin
E)water

Question 16

Which of these is not one of the formed elements of blood?

A)RBCs
B)platelets
C)antibodies
D)lymphocytes
E)basophils

Question 17

The percent fraction of formed elements relative to whole blood is the

A)viscosity.
B)specific gravity.
C)packed volume.
D)hematocrit.
E)differential cell count.

Question 18

The most abundant component of plasma is

A)ions.
B)proteins.
C)water.
D)gases.
E)nutrients.

Question 19

Which of the following is not a function of blood?

A)transport of nutrients and wastes
B)transport of body heat
C)transport of gases
D)defense against toxins and pathogens
E)produce hormones

Question 20

Platelets are

A)red cells that lack a nucleus.
B)blue cells that have a nucleus.
C)large cells with a prominent,concave nucleus.
D)tiny cells with a polynucleus.
E)cytoplasmic fragments of large cells.

Question 21

Hormones called ________ are involved in regulation of white blood cell populations.

A)erythropoietin (EPO)
B)colony-stimulating factor
C)testosterone
D)estrogen
E)fibrin

Question 22

Plasma composes about ________ percent of whole blood,and water composes ________ percent of the plasma volume.

A)55; 92
B)92; 7
C)92; 55
D)45; 55
E)50; 50

Question 23

The process of white blood cell production and maturation goes on in all of the following except

A)the spleen.
B)the kidney.
C)the lymph nodes.
D)red bone marrow.
E)the thymus.

Question 24

Platelets are pinched off from giant multinucleated cells in the bone marrow called

A)erythroblasts.
B)normoblasts.
C)megakaryocytes.
D)myeloblasts.
E)lymphoblasts.

Question 25

An obstruction in blood flow to the kidneys would ultimately result in

A)decreased iron absorption.
B)renal anemia.
C)increased erythropoiesis.
D)decreased erythropoiesis.
E)increased sensitivity to vitamin K.

Question 26

When blood is fractionated,its components are ________ for the purpose of analysis.

A)combined
B)lysed
C)separated
D)marked
E)returned to the body

Question 27

Erythropoiesis is stimulated when

A)oxygen levels in the blood increase.
B)oxygen levels in the blood decrease.
C)blood flow to the kidney declines.
D)both oxygen levels in the blood increase and blood flow to the kidney declines.
E)both oxygen levels in the blood decrease and blood flow to the kidney declines.

Question 28

In adults,the only site of red blood cell production and the primary site of white blood cell formation is

A)the liver.
B)the spleen.
C)the thymus.
D)red bone marrow.
E)yellow bone marrow.

Question 29

The level of erythropoietin in the blood would rise due to all of the following except

A)during anemia.
B)at high altitudes.
C)as a consequence of hemorrhage.
D)during periods of fasting.
E)when blood flow to the kidneys is disrupted.

Question 30

The normal pH of blood is

A)slightly alkaline.
B)neutral.
C)slightly acidic.
D)extremely alkaline.
E)extremely acidic.

Question 31

Granulocytes form in

A)the intestines.
B)the spleen.
C)the thymus.
D)red bone marrow.
E)yellow bone marrow.

Question 32

You are caring for a female adult patient who weighs 40 kg (90 lbs).Assuming no loss of blood,what would her approximate blood volume be?

A)6)6 L
B)6)0 L
C)5)6 L
D)1)8 L
E)3)8 L

Question 33

Red cell production is stimulated by a kidney-derived hormone called

A)erythropoietin (EPO).
B)colony-stimulating factor.
C)renin
D)estrogen.
E)fibrin.

Question 34

When a person who lives at sea level vacations in the Rocky Mountains,you would expect

A)a drop in oxygen levels.
B)the release of erythropoietin.
C)a rise in hematocrit.
D)All of the answers are correct.
E)None of the answers is correct.

Question 35

Most of the protein factors that are required for clotting are synthesized by

A)platelets.
B)megakaryocytes.
C)the liver.
D)the kidneys.
E)the spleen.

Question 36

Plasma is closest in ionic composition to

A)urine.
B)isotonic saline solution.
C)sterile water.
D)CSF.
E)interstitial fluid.

Question 37

Red blood cell production is regulated by the hormone ________ which is mostly produced in the ________.

A)thymosin; thymus
B)angiotensin; lungs
C)erythropoietin; kidneys
D)erythropoietin; liver
E)renin; kidneys

Question 38

Which of the following descriptions best matches the term colony stimulating factor?

A)releases histamine
B)antibodies are one type
C)hormone that regulates blood cell formation
D)kills bacteria using cytotoxic chemicals
E)often elevated in allergic individuals

Question 39

The ________ is a procedure that is used to determine the number of each of the various types of white blood cells.

A)hematocrit
B)complete blood count
C)reticulocyte count
D)differential count
E)mean corpuscular volume

Question 40

Which plasma protein is a major contributor to the osmotic pressure of plasma?

A)fibrinogen
B)steroid-binding protein
C)hormone-binding protein
D)albumin
E)gamma globulin

Question 41

The average lifespan of a red blood cell is

A)24 hours.
B)1 month.
C)4 months.
D)about 1 year.
E)many years.

Question 42

The function of red blood cells is to

A)carry carbon dioxide from the lungs to the body's cells.
B)carry oxygen from the lungs to the body's cells.
C)carry nutrients from the digestive system to the body's cells.
D)defend the body against infectious organisms.
E)carry oxygen from the body's cells to the lungs.

Question 43

Hematology can detect all of the following except

A)anemia.
B)clotting disorders.
C)diminished erythropoiesis.
D)infection.
E)body temperature.

Question 44

Most of the iron that is removed from degraded hemoglobin is

A)excreted by the kidneys.
B)excreted by the liver.
C)excreted by the intestines.
D)recycled to red bone marrow.
E)stored in yellow bone marrow.

Question 45

Each hemoglobin molecule contains

A)four alpha chains.
B)one alpha and one beta chain.
C)four iron ions.
D)one heme group.
E)two heme groups.

Question 46

An elevated hematocrit value is termed

A)anemia.
B)polycythemia.
C)hyperchromic.
D)macrocytic.
E)reticulocytosis.

Question 47

Which of the following statements concerning red blood cells is false?

A)Red cells are biconcave discs.
B)Red cells lack mitochondria.
C)Red cells are about 18 µm in diameter.
D)Red cells are specialized for carrying oxygen.
E)Red cells can form stacks called rouleaux.

Question 48

The function of hemoglobin is to

A)carry oxygen.
B)defend against bacterial infection.
C)aid in the process of blood clotting.
D)distribute nutrients.
E)produce antibodies.

Question 49

Rouleaux refers to the ability of RBCs to

A)carry hemoglobin.
B)form stacks.
C)squeeze through small capillaries smaller than their cell diameter.
D)establish a large surface area-to-volume ratio.
E)live without a nucleus.

Question 50

Each heme ring in hemoglobin encloses an atom of

A)magnesium.
B)calcium.
C)iron.
D)sodium.
E)copper.

Question 51

The ________ is a procedure that is used to determine the number of mature erythrocytes.

A)RBC count
B)complete blood count
C)reticulocyte count
D)differential count
E)platelet count

Question 52

The waste product bilirubin is produced from

A)globin chains of hemoglobin.
B)heme molecules plus iron.
C)heme molecules lacking iron.
D)iron found in hemoglobin molecules.
E)abnormal proteins found in red blood cells.

Question 53

________ transport(s)oxygen and CO2 in the RBCs.

A)Ribosomes
B)Mitochondria
C)DNA
D)Hemoglobin molecules
E)Components of the cytoskeleton

Question 54

Aged and damaged erythrocytes are broken down by macrophages in all of the following places except the

A)spleen.
B)liver.
C)bone marrow.
D)kidney.
E)None of the answers is correct.

Question 55

RBCs typically live about 120 days.The main reason for this short lifespan in RBCs is their

A)cell shape.
B)concentration of Hb.
C)flexibility.
D)lack of nucleus.
E)large surface area-to-volume ratio.

Question 56

Mary is tested for the amount of hemoglobin in her blood.The test results indicate that her hemoglobin level is 16 g/dL of blood.This value indicates that

A)she is suffering from anemia.
B)she has fewer red blood cells than normal.
C)her hematocrit is probably lower than normal.
D)she may be suffering from a form of leukemia.
E)her hemoglobin level is normal.

Question 57

An increased mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration is termed

A)anemia.
B)polycythemia.
C)hyperchromic.
D)macrocytic.
E)reticulocytosis.

Question 58

In adults,erythropoiesis exclusively takes place in

A)the liver.
B)yellow bone marrow.
C)red bone marrow.
D)the spleen.
E)lymphoid tissue.

Question 59

All the circulating red blood cells originate in the

A)heart.
B)thymus.
C)spleen.
D)red bone marrow.
E)lymph tissue.

Question 60

More than 95 percent of the protein in a red blood cell is

A)albumin.
B)porphyrin.
C)hemoglobin.
D)immunoglobulin.
E)fibrinogen.

Question 61

The developmental stage at which erythrocytes enter the circulation is as

A)hemocytoblasts.
B)reticulocytes.
C)band forms.
D)myeloid cells.
E)proerythroblasts.

Question 62

Bill wants to determine his blood type,so he takes a few drops of blood from a puncture wound in his finger and mixes it with various antisera.His blood cells agglutinate when mixed with the anti-A sera but not with the anti-B or anti-D sera.Which of the following is not true?

A)Bill could receive type A-negative blood in a transfusion.
B)Bill could donate blood to an individual with type AB blood.
C)Bill is Rh negative.
D)Bill's plasma contains B antibodies.
E)Bill's plasma contains Rh antibodies.

Question 63

________ are immature erythrocytes that are present in the circulation.

A)Erythroblasts
B)Normoblasts
C)Myeloblasts
D)Band cells
E)Reticulocytes

Question 64

Which of the following proteins functions to store or transport oxygen?

A)hemoglobin
B)immunoglobulin
C)albumin
D)transferrin
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 65

People with type AB blood are considered the "universal recipient" for transfusions because

A)their blood cells lack A and B antigens.
B)their blood lacks A or B antibodies.
C)their blood is plentiful in A and B antibodies.
D)they usually have very strong immune systems.
E)they are usually Rh negative.

Question 66

The yellow color that is visible in the eyes and skin in jaundice results from all of the following except

A)excessive amounts of bilirubin in the plasma.
B)extensive breakdown of RBCs.
C)destruction of hemoglobin.
D)blockage of bile ducts.
E)hematuria.

Question 67

In which of the following would you expect the blood level of bilirubin to be elevated?

A)a person suffering from higher levels of hemolysis
B)an alcoholic with a damaged liver
C)a person with an iron-deficient diet
D)both a person suffering from hemolysis and an alcoholic with a damaged liver
E)a person with increased clotting times.

Question 68

After donating 0.5 liter of blood,one would except

A)an increased reticulocyte count.
B)an increased platelet count.
C)an increased erythrocyte count.
D)an increased neutrophil count.
E)increased levels of clotting factors.

Question 69

If bile ducts are blocked,which of the following would not occur?

A)more bilirubin appears in the plasma
B)bilirubin appears in the skin
C)less hemolysis would occur
D)increased jaundice
E)yellow color of the sclera

Question 70

How does a treatment with anti-Rh antibodies (RhoGAM)prevent hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN)?

A)It prevents maternal anti-Rh antibodies from crossing the placenta.
B)It destroys maternal anti-Rh antibodies.
C)It destroys fetal anti-Rh antibodies.
D)It destroys fetal RBCs that enter the maternal circulation.
E)It destroys maternal RBCs that enter the fetal circulation.

Question 71

Which of the following would you expect to see in increased numbers in a peripheral blood sample after donating a unit of blood?

A)erythrocytes
B)platelets
C)reticulocytes
D)lymphocytes
E)neutrophils

Question 72

A person with Type A blood has

A)antigen A on the RBCs.
B)anti-B antibodies in the plasma.
C)anti-A antibodies on the red blood cells.
D)antigen A on the RBCs and anti-B antibodies in the plasma.
E)anti-B antibodies in the plasma and anti-A antibodies on the red blood cells.

Question 73

A person's blood type is determined largely by the

A)size of the RBCs.
B)volume of the RBCs.
C)chemical character of the hemoglobin.
D)presence of specific glycoproteins on the cell membrane.
E)shape of the RBCs.

Question 74

Overall,the most common blood type is

A)A)
B)B)
C)AB.
D)O)
E)There is no common pattern of blood type distribution.

Question 75

The process of red blood cell production is called

A)erythrocytosis.
B)erythropenia.
C)hemocytosis.
D)erythropoiesis.
E)hematopenia.

Question 76

Hemolytic disease of the newborn may result if

A)the mother is Rh positive and the father is Rh negative.
B)both the father and the mother are Rh negative.
C)both the father and the mother are Rh positive.
D)an Rh-negative mother carries an Rh-positive fetus.
E)an Rh-positive mother carries an Rh-negative fetus.

Question 77

Which of the following descriptions best matches the term eosinophils?

A)release histamine
B)become macrophages
C)defend against specific pathogens or toxins and produce antibodies in response to antigens
D)kill bacteria using cytotoxic chemicals
E)often elevated in allergic individuals

Question 78

Sensitization during hemolytic disease of the newborn refers to

A)the fetal immune system producing antibodies against the mother's RBCs.
B)the fetal immune system producing antibodies against the fetus' RBCs.
C)the mother's immune system producing antibodies against the fetus' RBCs.
D)the mother's immune system producing antibodies against the mother's RBCs.
E)spontaneous miscarriage of a woman's first baby due to blood incompatibilities.

Question 79

Which of the following is not true of basophils?

A)constitute about 1 percent of WBCs
B)promote inflammation
C)granules contain histamine
D)contain dense blue stained granules in the Wright stain
E)increased production during parasitic infections

Question 80

If the blood types of a donor and recipient are compatible,then

A)the donor's antibodies bind with the recipient's antigens.
B)the donor's antigens bind with the recipient's antigens.
C)the donor's antibodies bind with the recipient's antibodies.
D)the donor's antigens bind with the recipient's antibodies.
E)there is no reaction between antibodies and antigens.