Deck 18: The Heart and Cardiovascular Function

Question 1

The entire space between the pleural cavities containing only the heart,great vessels,thymus,trachea and esophagus is called the

A)pericardial cavity.
B)mediastinum.
C)thoracic cavity.
D)anterior cavity.
E)abdominopelvic cavity.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The earlike extension of the atrium is the

A)ventricle.
B)coronary sinus.
C)coronary sulcus.
D)auricle.
E)atricle.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The wall(s)of the ________ rest(s)on the diaphragm.

A)left atrium
B)left ventricle
C)right atrium
D)right ventricle
E)right and left ventricles

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Most of the mass of the heart lies to the ________ the midline.

A)area above
B)area below
C)left of
D)right of
E)None of the answers is correct.

Question 5

There are ________ pulmonary veins.

A)2
B)4
C)6
D)8
E)10

Question 6

An equivalent term for epicardium is

A)parietal pericardium.
B)myocardium.
C)endocardium.
D)visceral pericardium.
E)None of the answers is correct.

Question 7

The visceral pericardium is the same as the

A)mediastinum.
B)parietal pericardium.
C)epicardium.
D)myocardium.
E)endocardium.

Question 8

The inferior point of the heart is called the

A)base.
B)apex.
C)inferior border.
D)right border.
E)left border.

Question 9

The cavity that contains only the heart is the

A)thoracic cavity.
B)pericardial cavity.
C)mediastinum.
D)pleural cavity.
E)anterior cavity.

Question 10

Which of the following descriptions matches the phrase "near the left fifth intercostal space"?

A)pericardial cavity
B)visceral pericardium
C)apex of heart
D)aorta
E)right atrium

Question 11

The term used to describe fluid collecting in the pericardial cavity that restricts the movement of the heart is known as

A)cardiac tamponade.
B)mitral valve prolapse.
C)pleural effusion.
D)cardiomyopathy.
E)pericarditis.

Question 12

The ________ lines the chambers of the heart,covers the heart valves,and is continuous with the endothelium.

A)epicardium
B)myocardium
C)endocardium
D)visceral pericardium
E)parietal pericardium

Question 13

The coronary sulcus is a groove that

A)marks the border between the atria and ventricles.
B)marks the boundary line between the right and left ventricles.
C)marks the boundary line between the right and left atria.
D)separates the atrioventricular valves from the atria.
E)separates the coronary arteries from the coronary veins.

Question 14

Intercalated discs serve to transfer all of the following from cell to cellexcept

A)ionic currents.
B)action potentials.
C)the force of contraction.
D)Z-lines.
E)small molecules.

Question 15

The interventricular sulci and coronary sulcus contain all of the following except

A)fat.
B)arteries.
C)veins.
D)nerves.
E)None of the answers is correct.

Question 16

The cavity that contains the lungs,the heart,great vessels,thymus,esophagus,and trachea is called the

A)pleural space.
B)pericardial space.
C)mediastinum.
D)cardiac notch.
E)thoracic cavity.

Question 17

The superior portion of the heart where major blood vessels enter and exit is the

A)base.
B)apex.
C)inferior border.
D)right border.
E)left border.

Question 18

Most of the middle layer in the heart wall is composed of

A)cardiac muscle cells.
B)chondrocytes.
C)epithelial cells.
D)fibrocytes.
E)smooth muscle cells.

Question 19

The left border of the heart is formed by the

A)left atrium and right atrium.
B)right atrium and right ventricle.
C)left atrium and left ventricle.
D)right ventricle and left ventricle.
E)None of the answers is correct.

Question 20

The muscle layer of the heart is the

A)epicardium.
B)myocardium.
C)endocardium.
D)visceral pericardium.
E)parietal pericardium.

Question 21

Blood is supplied to the myocardium by

A)the coronary sinus.
B)contact with blood in the pumping chambers.
C)the coronary arteries.
D)arteries that branch from the pulmonary arteries.
E)None of the answers is correct.

Question 22

Compared to the right ventricle,the left ventricle has all the following characteristics except that it

A)has a thicker wall.
B)is round in cross section.
C)pumps a greater volume.
D)contracts harder.
E)produces about four to six times more pressure when it contracts.

Question 23

Blood flowing into the heart from the venae cavae flows next through the ________ valve.

A)mitral
B)bicuspid
C)tricuspid
D)pulmonary semilunar
E)aortic semilunar

Question 24

Blood returning to the heart from the pulmonary circuit first enters the

A)right atrium.
B)right ventricle.
C)left atrium.
D)left ventricle.
E)conus arteriosus.

Question 25

Blood is supplied to the left atrium by the

A)brachiocephalic artery.
B)right coronary artery.
C)left coronary artery.
D)phrenic arteries.
E)pulmonary arteries.

Question 26

The atrioventricular valves permit blood flow

A)in one direction only.
B)in both directions.
C)in many directions.
D)in opposite directions on the right and left.
E)None of the answers is correct.

Question 27

The right ventricle pumps blood to the

A)right and left lungs.
B)left ventricle.
C)left atrium.
D)aorta.
E)right atrium.

Question 28

The left ventricle pumps blood to the

A)lungs.
B)right ventricle.
C)right atrium.
D)aorta.
E)pulmonary circuit.

Question 29

Blood leaves the right ventricle by passing through the

A)aortic valve.
B)pulmonary valve.
C)mitral valve.
D)tricuspid valve.
E)bicuspid valve.

Question 30

The great and middle cardiac veins drain blood into the

A)superior vena cava.
B)inferior vena cava.
C)coronary sinus.
D)coronary sulcus.
E)aorta.

Question 31

Coronary veins empty into the

A)left atrium.
B)left ventricle.
C)right atrium.
D)right ventricle.
E)conus arteriosus.

Question 32

The marginal branch and posterior interventricular branch are branches of the

A)right coronary artery.
B)left coronary artery.
C)circumflex artery.
D)coronary sinus.
E)aorta.

Question 33

The first blood vessels to branch from the aorta are the ________ arteries.

A)pulmonary
B)coronary
C)circumflex
D)carotid
E)subclavian

Question 34

Blood returning to the heart from the systemic circuit first enters the

A)right atrium.
B)right ventricle.
C)left atrium.
D)left ventricle.
E)conus arteriosus.

Question 35

The ________ deliver(s)blood to the myocardium.

A)right coronary artery
B)right coronary vein
C)superior vena cava
D)left coronary artery
E)right coronary artery and left coronary artery

Question 36

The right atrium receives blood from all of the following except the

A)coronary sinus.
B)superior vena cava.
C)inferior vena cava.
D)pulmonary veins.

Question 37

The cusps (leaflets)of atrioventricular valves attach directly to

A)papillary muscles.
B)trabeculae carneae.
C)chordae tendineae.
D)interatrial septa.
E)coronary sulci.

Question 38

As blood leaves the right ventricle,it passes through the ________ and then into the pulmonary trunk.

A)pulmonary veins
B)pulmonary valve
C)aorta
D)inferior vena cava
E)superior vena cava

Question 39

The circumflex branch and the anterior interventricular artery are branches of the

A)right coronary artery.
B)left coronary artery.
C)interventricular artery.
D)coronary sinus.
E)aorta.

Question 40

The function of the atrium is to

A)collect blood.
B)pump blood to the lungs.
C)pump blood into the systemic circuit.
D)pump blood to the ventricle.
E)collect blood and pump blood to the ventricle.

Question 41

The ________ separate(s)the two ventricles.

A)interventricular septum
B)interatrial septum
C)moderator band
D)foramen ovale
E)atrioventricular valves

Question 42

The ________ has a greater workload than the ________.

A)left ventricle; right ventricle
B)right ventricle; left ventricle
C)right ventricle; systemic circulation
D)right ventricle; pulmonary circulation
E)None of the answers is correct.

Question 43

Figure 18-1
Identify the structure labeled "8."

A)moderator band
B)pectinate muscles
C)papillary muscles
D)trabeculae carneae
E)chordae tendineae

Question 44

Figure 18-1
Identify the structure labeled "19."

A)tricuspid valve
B)pulmonary semilunar valve
C)aortic semilunar valve
D)bicuspid valve
E)ligamentum arteriosum

Question 45

Which chamber receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary circuit?

A)5
B)10
C)16
D)13
E)both 5 and 16

Question 46

Contractions of the papillary muscles

A)close the atrioventricular valves.
B)close the semilunar valves.
C)eject blood from the ventricles.
D)prevent the atrioventricular valves from reversing into the atria.
E)eject blood from the atria into the ventricles.

Question 47

When the left ventricle contracts,the diameter of the ventricular chamber

A)increases.
B)decreases.
C)remains the same.

Question 48

When the left ventricle contracts,the distance from the apex to the base

A)increases.
B)decreases.
C)remains unchanged.

Question 49

The bicuspid,or mitral,valve is located

A)in the opening of the aorta.
B)in the opening of the pulmonary trunk.
C)where the venae cavae join the right atrium.
D)between the right atrium and right ventricle.
E)between the left atrium and left ventricle.

Question 50

The ________ valve prevents backward flow into the left atrium.

A)semicaval
B)semilunar
C)bicuspid
D)tricuspid
E)pulmonic

Question 51

Figure 18-1
Identify the structure labeled "21."

A)bicuspid valve
B)pulmonary semilunar valve
C)aortic semilunar valve
D)ligamentum arteriosum
E)tricuspid valve

Question 52

The following is a list of vessels and structures that are associated with the heart. 1.right atrium
2)left atrium
3)right ventricle
4)left ventricle
5)venae cavae
6)aorta
7)pulmonary trunk
8)pulmonary veins
What is the correct order for the flow of blood entering from the systemic circulation?

A)1,2,7,8,3,4,6,5
B)1,7,3,8,2,4,6,5
C)5,1,3,7,8,2,4,6
D)5,3,1,7,8,4,2,6
E)5,1,3,8,7,2,4,6

Question 53

The pulmonary arteries carry blood to the

A)heart.
B)lungs.
C)brain.
D)intestines.
E)liver.

Question 54

The pulmonary veins carry blood to the

A)heart.
B)lungs.
C)brain.
D)intestines.
E)liver.

Question 55

The ________ separate(s)the two atria.

A)interventricular septum
B)interatrial septum
C)moderator band
D)foramen ovale
E)atrioventricular valves

Question 56

Figure 18-1
Identify the structure labeled "6."

A)cusp of tricuspid valve
B)pulmonary semilunar valve
C)aortic semilunar valve
D)cusp of bicuspid valve
E)ligamentum arteriosum

Question 57

Rupture of the papillary muscles in the left ventricle may result in any of the following except

A)mitral regurgitation.
B)mitral valve prolapse.
C)bicuspid regurgitation.
D)bicuspid prolapse.
E)pulmonary valve stenosis.

Question 58

Comparing the left ventricle with the right ventricle,which of the following is true?

A)The left ventricle does more work than the right ventricle.
B)The left ventricle pumps against less resistance than the right ventricle.
C)The left ventricle produces a lower pressure than the right.
D)The right ventricle is thicker than the left ventricle.
E)The right ventricle pumps more blood than the left ventricle.

Question 59

Muscular ridges on the inner surface of the ventricles are called

A)fossa ovalis.
B)ligamentum arteriosum.
C)pectinate muscles.
D)trabeculae carneae.
E)None of the answers is correct.

Question 60

The pulmonary semilunar valve prevents backward flow into the

A)aorta.
B)pulmonary trunk.
C)pulmonary veins.
D)right ventricle.
E)left atrium.

Question 61

When the semilunar valves close,the AV valves then

A)close.
B)open.
C)make the third heart sound.
D)All of the answers are correct.
E)None of the answers is correct.

Question 62

________ is to contraction as ________ is to relaxation.

A)Systole; diastole
B)Diastole; systole
C)Filling; relaxing

Question 63

If a patient's tricuspid valve was leaking during systole,what would happen?

A)regurgitation back into the right atrium
B)regurgitation back into the superior vena cava
C)regurgitation back into the left atrium
D)regurgitation back into the aorta
E)regurgitation back into the pulmonary trunk

Question 64

The ________ valve opens when left ventricular pressure exceeds aortic blood pressure.

A)left atrioventricular
B)pulmonary
C)right atrioventricular
D)aortic
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 65

The relaxation phase of the lower chambers of the heart is called

A)ventricular systole.
B)ventricular diastole.
C)atrial systole.
D)atrial diastole.
E)None of the answers aer correct.

Question 66

The contraction phase of the upper chambers of the heart is called

A)ventricular systole.
B)ventricular diastole.
C)atrial systole.
D)atrial diastole.
E)None of the answers is correct.

Question 67

Which of the following is greater during left ventricular systole?

A)the peak pressure in the ventricle
B)the peak pressure in the aorta
C)Neither is greater.

Question 68

The mitral valve closing is associated with all of the following except

A)when left ventricular pressure exceeds left atrial pressure.
B)at the beginning of ventricular systole.
C)at the same time at the tricuspid valve.
D)when the right ventricle pressure exceeds the right atrial pressure.
E)when the left atrial pressure exceeds the left ventricular pressure.

Question 69

David suffers from a prolapsed mitral valve.This condition would cause

A)increased effort by the right ventricle.
B)increased effort by the left ventricle.
C)regurgitation.
D)increased effort by the right ventricle and regurgitation.
E)increased effort by the left ventricle and regurgitation.

Question 70

As the heart rate slows,________ get(s)longer.

A)systole
B)diastole
C)systole and diastole
D)None of the answers is correct.

Question 71

The first heart sound ("lubb")is associated with

A)closing of the pulmonary valve.
B)closing of the mitral valve.
C)opening of the mitral valve.
D)closing of the aortic valve.
E)opening of the aortic valve.

Question 72

During ventricular systole,the

A)atria are contracting.
B)blood is entering the ventricles.
C)AV valves are closed.
D)pressure in the ventricles remains constant.
E)pressure in the aorta remains constant.

Question 73

Figure 18-2
What occurs at the area labeled "D" on the graph?

A)AV valves open
B)semilunar valves open
C)diastolic refilling begins
D)both AV valves open and diastolic refilling begins
E)both semilunar valves open and diastolic refilling begins

Question 74

At a heart rate of 60 beats/minute,a cardiac cycle lasts

A)60 seconds.
B)less than a second.
C)1 second.
D)370 milliseconds.
E)more than a second.

Question 75

The phase in the cardiac cycle when the mitral valve is closed and the aortic valve is open is the

A)atrial systole.
B)early diastolic filling phase.
C)late diastolic filling phase.
D)ventricular ejection of ventricular systole.
E)dicrotic phase.

Question 76

Complications related to arteriosclerosis account for roughly ________ percent of deaths in the United States.

A)30
B)60
C)20
D)50
E)25

Question 77

The first heart sound is heard when the

A)AV valves open.
B)AV valves close.
C)semilunar valves close.
D)atria contract.
E)blood enters the aorta.

Question 78

Arteriosclerosis can lead to all of the following except

A)hypertension.
B)stroke.
C)coronary artery disease.
D)diabetes.

Question 79

During the isovolumetric contraction phase of ventricular systole,the

A)atria are contracting and the ventricles are relaxing.
B)atrioventricular valves and semilunar valves are closed.
C)blood is ejected into the great vessels.
D)All of the answers are correct.
E)None of the answers is correct.

Question 80

Figure 18-2
What occurs at "B" on the graph?

A)semilunar valve opens
B)semilunar valve closes
C)AV valve opens
D)end-systolic volume