Deck 15: The Special Senses

Question 1

Before an olfactory receptor can detect an odorant,it has to

A)contact a specialized olfactory cell.
B)bind to receptors in olfactory dendrites.
C)gate open ion channels.
D)respond to applied pressure.
E)be transported to the olfactory bulbs.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Some neural tissues retain stem cells and thus the capacity to divide and replace lost neurons.Which of these special senses can replace its damaged neural receptors?

A)olfaction
B)hearing
C)equilibrium
D)All of the answers are correct.
E)None of the answers is correct.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

All of the following are true of olfactory pathways except

A)they project first to the mammillary bodies and then to the thalamus.
B)the first synapse is in the olfactory bulb.
C)information flows to the olfactory cortex,hypothalamus,and limbic system.
D)they reach the forebrain without first synapsing in the thalamus.
E)they exhibit a considerable amount of convergence.

Answer 3

they project first to the mammillary bodies and then to the thalamus.

Question 4

Gustatory receptors are found in the taste buds of all the following papillae except

A)vallate.
B)foliate.
C)fungiform.
D)filiform.

Question 5

An adult has approximately ________ taste buds,each of which contains ________ different receptor cells.

A)50; 10,000
B)5,000; 40-100
C)500,000; 4
D)500; 40-100
E)50,000; 10,000

Question 6

Which of the following is not a component of the lamina propria of the olfactory organ?

A)areolar tissue
B)blood vessels
C)nerves
D)olfactory glands
E)olfactory epithelium

Question 7

Olfactory glands

A)house the sense of smell.
B)support the olfactory epithelium.
C)react to aromatic molecules.
D)coat the olfactory epithelium with a pigmented mucus.
E)group as olfactory bulbs.

Question 8

The sense of taste is also known as

A)gustation.
B)olfaction.
C)equilibrium.
D)proprioception.
E)interoception.

Question 9

The olfactory receptor cell can be activated by as few as ________ odorant molecules.

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4
E)5

Question 10

The sensory neurons within the olfactory organ are stimulated by ________ in the air.

A)pressure
B)chemicals
C)proteins
D)water
E)dust

Question 11

Olfactory organs are located in the nasal cavity inferior to the perforated bony structure known as the

A)superior nasal concha.
B)sphenoid bone.
C)cribriform plate.
D)nasal septum.
E)frontal bone.

Question 12

How would a molecule that mimics cAMP not affect an olfactory receptor?

A)It would increase sodium permeability.
B)It would open chemically gated sodium channels.
C)It would depolarize the olfactory receptor.
D)It could trigger an afferent action potential.
E)It would decrease sodium permeability.

Question 13

Olfactory receptors send axons through the cribriform plate.They synapse on neurons in the

A)medulla oblongata.
B)medial geniculate.
C)cerebral cortex.
D)olfactory bulb.
E)olfactory tract.

Question 14

The olfactory receptors are highly modified

A)neurons.
B)epithelial cells.
C)goblet or mucous cells.
D)olfactory glands.
E)areolar connective tissue cells.

Question 15

Each gustatory cell extends ________ (or taste hairs)into the surrounding fluids through a narrow taste pore.

A)papillae
B)flagella
C)cilia
D)microvilli

Question 16

A typical gustatory cell survives for only about ________ days before it is replaced.

A)1
B)3
C)5
D)10
E)20

Question 17

Gustatory receptors are not located

A)on the inferior surface of the tongue.
B)in the epiglottis.
C)on the superior surface of the tongue.
D)in the larynx.
E)in the pharynx.

Question 18

Olfactory information is first received by which part of the brain?

A)frontal lobe
B)cerebellum
C)parietal lobe
D)cerebrum
E)medulla oblongata

Question 19

The olfactory organ consists of the ________ and the lamina propria.

A)olfactory bulb
B)olfactory nerve
C)olfactory epithelium
D)cribriform plate
E)olfactory tract

Question 20

Axons leaving the olfactory epithelium collect into ________ or more bundles that penetrate the cribriform plate of the ethmoid.

A)4
B)8
C)12
D)15
E)20

Question 21

The ________ covers most of the exposed surface of the eye.

A)conjunctiva
B)cornea
C)iris
D)anterior chamber
E)canthus

Question 22

Which of the following produces a lipid-rich secretion that prevents the upper and lower eyelids from sticking together at their edges?

A)palpebra
B)lacrimal caruncle
C)chalazion
D)tarsal gland
E)conjunctiva

Question 23

A structure that is located at the medial angle of the eye and contains glands that contribute to a gritty deposit is the

A)palpebra.
B)lacrimal caruncle.
C)lacrimal gland.
D)Meibomian gland.
E)conjunctiva.

Question 24

Taste receptors are distributed in which of the following places?

A)surface of the epiglottis
B)surface of the tongue
C)portions of the pharynx
D)All of the answers are correct.
E)None of the answers is correct.

Question 25

Taste buds are monitored by cranial nerves

A)IX,X,and XI.
B)VII,VIII,and IX.
C)VII,IX,and X.
D)V,VII,and IX.
E)IX,XI,and XII.

Question 26

The gap that separates the free margins of the upper and lower eyelids is the

A)cornea.
B)palpebral fissure.
C)conjunctiva.
D)lacrimal punctum.
E)medial angle of the eye.

Question 27

The palpebrae are connected at the

A)eyelids.
B)lateral and medial angles of the eye.
C)lacrimal caruncle.
D)medial canthus only.
E)conjunctiva.

Question 28

Which of the following is not one of the six primary taste sensations?

A)sweet
B)peppery
C)sour
D)salty
E)umami

Question 29

The function of gustatory receptors parallels that of

A)light receptors in the eye.
B)mechanoreceptors in the ear.
C)olfactory receptors.
D)lamellar corpuscles.
E)Meissner corpuscles.

Question 30

The palpebrae do not

A)remove dust and debris.
B)contain tarsal glands.
C)cover and protect the eye.
D)keep the eye lubricated.
E)produce tears.

Question 31

A patient who experienced head trauma has lost the ability to taste spicy food.You should expect damage to cranial nerve

A)VII.
B)III.
C)IX.
D)V.
E)XIII.

Question 32

________ glands are modified sebaceous glands located along the margin of the eyelid that secrete a lipid-rich product.

A)Tarsal
B)Lacrimal
C)Mucous
D)Palpebral
E)Conjunctival

Question 33

All of the following are true of the lacrimal glands except that they

A)produce a strongly hypertonic fluid.
B)produce most of the volume of tears.
C)produce lysozyme.
D)produce watery,slightly alkaline secretions.
E)are located in recesses in the frontal bones.

Question 34

Stimulation of nociceptive receptors within the trigeminal nerve might produce a perception of

A)intensely sweet.
B)intensely sour.
C)quite salty.
D)peppery hot.
E)decidedly bitter.

Question 35

The opening in the iris through which light passes is the

A)conjunctiva.
B)cornea.
C)pupil.
D)anterior chamber.
E)posterior chamber.

Question 36

The membrane proteins that respond to chemical stimuli to produce sweet,bitter,and umami sensations are called

A)photoreceptors.
B)proprioceptors.
C)nociceptors.
D)transducins.
E)gustducins.

Question 37

All of the following compose the epithelial projections found on the tongue except

A)fungiform papillae.
B)circumvallate papillae.
C)filiform papillae.
D)gustatory papillae.
E)None of the answers is correct.

Question 38

All of the following is a function of tears except

A)lubricates the eye.
B)washes away debris.
C)provides oxygen.
D)nourishes the cornea and conjunctiva.
E)maintains acidic environment.

Question 39

The taste sensation that is triggered by the amino acids and small peptides is known as

A)sweet.
B)umami.
C)salty.
D)peppery.
E)sour.

Question 40

The largest numbers of taste buds in adults are associated with the

A)pharynx.
B)larynx.
C)filiform papillae.
D)fungiform papillae.
E)circumvallate papillae.

Question 41

Figure 15-2
Identify the space labeled "1."

A)posterior cavity
B)posterior chamber
C)pupil
D)anterior chamber
E)iris

Question 42

An area of the retina that contains only cones and is the site of sharpest vision is the

A)outer segment.
B)inner segment.
C)fovea centralis.
D)optic disc.
E)tapetum lucidum.

Question 43

The part of the eye that determines eye color is the

A)lens
B)cornea.
C)iris.
D)pupil.
E)retina

Question 44

________,or pinkeye,results from damage to or irritation of the conjunctival surface.

A)Cataract
B)Conjunctivitis
C)Myopia
D)Hyperopia
E)Emmetropia

Question 45

All of the following are true of the fibrous layer of the eye except that it

A)consists of the sclera,limbus,and cornea.
B)provides mechanical support and some protection for the eye.
C)produces aqueous humor.
D)contributes substantial focusing power.
E)is where extrinsic eye muscles insert.

Question 46

The vitreous body

A)fills the anterior cavity.
B)helps to stabilize the eye and give physical support to the retina.
C)is removed and recycled every few hours.
D)All of the answers are correct.
E)None of the answers is correct.

Question 47

The space between the cornea and the iris is the

A)anterior chamber.
B)posterior chamber.
C)canal of Schlemm.
D)aqueous humor.
E)pupil.

Question 48

Figure 15-2
Identify the structure labeled "7."

A)choroid
B)optic disc
C)sclera
D)retina
E)cornea

Question 49

The cornea is part of the

A)fibrous layer.
B)iris.
C)neural layer.
D)uvea.
E)fibrous layer and the neural layer.

Question 50

The space between the iris and ciliary body and the lens is the

A)anterior chamber.
B)posterior chamber.
C)pupil.
D)canal of Schlemm.
E)vitreous body.

Question 51

Which of the following is not true of the vascular layer of the eye?

A)provides a route for blood vessels and lymphatics that supply tissues of the eye
B)regulates the amount of light entering the eye
C)secretes and reabsorbs the aqueous humor
D)controls the shape of the lens
E)contains photoreceptors

Question 52

Figure 15-2
Identify the structure labeled "12."

A)pupil
B)optic disc
C)sclera
D)fovea
E)retina

Question 53

The gelatinous material found in the posterior cavity is the

A)vitreous humor.
B)aqueous humor.
C)ora serrata.
D)perilymph.
E)tears.

Question 54

Which of the following descriptions best matches the term aqueous humor?

A)gelatinous fluid that fills posterior chamber
B)secreted in bright light
C)constantly produced and recycled
D)produced by lacrimal glands
E)surround the retina

Question 55

Figure 15-2
Identify the structure labeled "14."

A)pupil
B)optic disc
C)sclera
D)fovea centralis
E)suspensory ligaments

Question 56

Figure 15-2
Identify the structure labeled "9."

A)ciliary zonule
B)optic disc
C)sclera
D)fovea
E)pupil

Question 57

What structure changes the shape of the lens for far and near vision?

A)aqueous humor
B)ciliary body
C)iris
D)extrinsic eye muscles
E)none,because the lens is rigid

Question 58

Pupillary muscle groups are controlled by the ANS.Parasympathetic activation causes pupillary ________,and sympathetic activation causes ________.

A)dilation; constriction
B)dilation; dilation
C)constriction; dilation
D)constriction; constriction
E)vasoconstriction; vasoconstriction

Question 59

The transparent portion of the fibrous layer is the

A)conjunctiva.
B)cornea.
C)iris.
D)pupil.
E)canthus.

Question 60

A sudden rise of room brightness would cause

A)contraction of the pupillary constrictor muscles.
B)contraction of the pupillary dilator muscles.
C)conversion of 11-trans to 11-cis retinal.
D)an increase in the size of the pupil.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 61

There are three different types of cones,each one sensitive to different light energies.These cones are designated

A)red,yellow,and blue.
B)red,green,and blue.
C)red,green,and yellow.
D)red,white,and blue.

Question 62

When light encounters a medium of different density,it is bent or

A)reflected.
B)refracted.
C)absorbed.
D)transduced.
E)propagated.

Question 63

In which of the following cases would the focal distance be greater?

A)an object 10 inches away from your nose
B)an object 20 feet away
C)It doesn't matter,focal distance doesn't change with how far away an object is.

Question 64

In which of the following cases would the focal distance be greater?

A)a round lens
B)a flat lens
C)It doesn't matter,focus distance doesn't change with the shape of the lens.

Question 65

In the human eye,most refraction occurs when light passes through the

A)iris.
B)cornea.
C)lens.
D)aqueous humor.
E)vitreous humor.

Question 66

Considering the wavelengths of light received and abundance of various photoreceptors,which color is best received by the retina?

A)purple
B)yellow
C)bright red
D)blue
E)green

Question 67

The neural layer contains all of the following except

A)ganglion cells.
B)photoreceptor cones.
C)supporting cells.
D)photoreceptor rods.
E)blood vessels.

Question 68

The visual receptors of the retina are called

A)photoreceptors.
B)ganglion cells.
C)bipolar cells.
D)amacrine cells.
E)horizontal cells.

Question 69

________ are photoreceptor cells that are most useful in dim light.

A)Rods
B)Cones

Question 70

A ________ is a basic unit or packet of light energy.

A)wavelength
B)color
C)photon
D)rhodopsin
E)vibration

Question 71

________ cells connect photoreceptors to ganglion cells.

A)Rod
B)Cone
C)Bipolar
D)Amacrine
E)Horizontal

Question 72

Visual pigments are derivatives of the compound

A)retinal.
B)opsin.
C)rhodopsin.
D)transducin.
E)cGMP.

Question 73

An elongate outer layer containing membranous discs and a narrow connecting stalk that attaches the outer segment to the middle layer describes a(n)

A)bipolar cell.
B)photoreceptor.
C)ganglion cell.
D)amacrine cell.
E)horizontal cell.

Question 74

A ray of light entering the eye will encounter these structures in which order?

A)cornea - aqueous humor - lens - vitreous body - retina - choroid
B)vitreous body - retina - choroids - aqueous humor - lens - cornea
C)cornea - aqueous humor - vitreous body - lens - choroids - retina
D)cornea - lens - aqueous humor - vitreous body - retina - choroid

Question 75

________ are photoreceptors that convey our ability to see color.

A)Rods
B)Cones

Question 76

The human lens focuses light on the photoreceptor cells by

A)moving up and down.
B)moving in and out.
C)changing shape.
D)opening and closing.
E)dilating and constricting.

Question 77

When all three cone populations are stimulated equally,we perceive

A)red.
B)blue.
C)green.
D)white.
E)blackness.

Question 78

The ciliary muscle contracts to

A)control the amount of light reaching the retina.
B)adjust the shape of the lens for distant vision.
C)adjust the shape of the lens for close vision.
D)control the production of aqueous humor.
E)adjust the shape of the cornea and vitreous.

Question 79

Why do things look blurry underwater without dive goggles or a mask?

A)The water magnifies the image because it is denser than the lens of the eye.
B)Light moves more slowly through the water,causing images to appear larger and closer.
C)Rather than air,light is moving from water into the cornea and is thus refracted too little for a sharp focus.
D)The cornea does not function in water,causing the image to appear larger and closer.
E)Light waves are scattered by the water before reaching the eye,causing the image to appear blurry and unclear.

Question 80

The visible spectrum for humans extends between a wavelength of 400 nm and ________ nm.

A)100
B)500
C)600
D)700
E)900