Deck 11: Nervous Tissue

Question 1

The cytoplasm that surrounds the nucleus of a neuron is called the

A)protoplasm.
B)nucleoplasm.
C)sarcoplasm.
D)neuroplasm.
E)perikaryon.

Answer 1

E

Question 2

Figure 11-1

-The structure labeled "2" is a

A)cell body.
B)dendrite.
C)axon hillock.
D)Nissl body.

Answer 2

cell body.

Question 3

Which of the following is not a function of the nervous system?

A)sense the internal and external environments
B)integrate sensory information
C)coordinate voluntary and involuntary activities
D)direct long-term functions,such as growth
E)control peripheral effectors

Answer 3

direct long-term functions,such as growth

Question 4

Most CNS neurons lack centrioles.This observation explains

A)why CNS neurons grow such long axons.
B)why CNS neurons cannot divide.
C)the ability of neurons to generate an action potential.
D)the ability of neurons to communicate with each other.
E)the ability of neurons to produce a resting potential.

Question 5

Neurotransmitter for release is stored in synaptic

A)telodendria.
B)knobs.
C)vesicles.
D)mitochondria.
E)neurosomes.

Question 6

Figure 11-1
Identify the structures labeled "5."

A)axons
B)telodendria
C)dendritic spines
D)synaptic terminals
E)axosomata

Question 7

The axon is connected to the cell body at the

A)telodendria.
B)synaptic knobs.
C)collateral branches.
D)axon hillock.
E)synapse.

Question 8

The ________ nervous system provides involuntary regulation of smooth muscle,cardiac muscle,and glandular activity.

A)somatic
B)autonomic
C)sensory division of the peripheral
D)automatic
E)special sensory

Question 9

The basic functional unit of the nervous system is the

A)brain.
B)spinal cord.
C)nerve.
D)glial cell.
E)neuron.

Question 10

Branches that may occur along an axon are called

A)dendrites.
B)synaptic knobs.
C)collateral branches.
D)hillocks.
E)synapses.

Question 11

The ________ nervous system controls the skeletal muscles.

A)sympathetic
B)parasympathetic
C)afferent
D)somatic
E)autonomic

Question 12

The ________ nervous system is composed of the brain and spinal cord.

A)autonomic
B)peripheral
C)central
D)efferent
E)afferent

Question 13

Which of the following is not contained in the axoplasm of the axon?

A)neurotubules
B)mitochondria
C)vesicles
D)neurofibrils
E)Nissl bodies

Question 14

Which of the following is not associated with the cytoskeleton of the perikaryon?

A)neurofilaments
B)axon
C)dendrite
D)nucleus
E)neurofibrils

Question 15

The plasma membrane of an axon is called the

A)axon hillock.
B)axoplasm.
C)axolemma.
D)axon terminal.
E)axokaryon.

Question 16

________ monitor the digestive,respiratory,cardiovascular,urinary,and reproductive systems.

A)Proprioceptors
B)Interoceptors
C)Exteroceptors
D)Somatic sensory receptors
E)Special sense receptors

Question 17

Clusters of RER and free ribosomes in neurons are called

A)neurofilaments.
B)neurofibrils.
C)perikaryon.
D)Nissl bodies.
E)microglia.

Question 18

Axons terminate in a series of fine extensions known as

A)telodendria.
B)knobs.
C)collateral branches.
D)dendrites.
E)synapses.

Question 19

The site of intercellular communication between neurons is the

A)telodendria.
B)synaptic knob.
C)collateral branch.
D)hillock.
E)synapse.

Question 20

Which of the following is not a recognized structural classification for neurons?

A)anaxonic
B)bipolar
C)multipolar
D)pseudopolar
E)unipolar

Question 21

The glial cells in the central nervous system that form scar tissue after central nervous system injury are the

A)astrocytes.
B)satellite cells.
C)oligodendrocytes.
D)microglia.
E)ependymal cells.

Question 22

________ monitor the internal environment.

A)Endoceptors
B)Interoceptors
C)Exteroceptors
D)Special sensory receptors
E)Sensory ganglia

Question 23

________ neurons are small and have no anatomical features that distinguish dendrites from axons.

A)Multipolar
B)Anaxonic
C)Unipolar
D)Bipolar
E)Pseudopolar

Question 24

The myelin sheath that covers many CNS axons is formed by

A)astrocytes.
B)satellite cells.
C)oligodendrocytes.
D)microglia.
E)ependymal cells.

Question 25

Which of the following activities or sensations is not monitored by interoceptors?

A)sight
B)joint movement
C)activities of the digestive system
D)cardiovascular activities
E)urinary activities

Question 26

________ monitor the position of skeletal muscles and joints.

A)Proprioceptors
B)Interoceptors
C)Exteroceptors
D)Somatic sensory receptors
E)Special sensory receptors

Question 27

In a(n)________ neuron,the dendrites and axon are continuous or fused.

A)multipolar
B)anaxonic
C)unipolar
D)bipolar
E)pseudopolar

Question 28

Functions of astrocytes include all of the following except

A)maintaining the blood-brain barrier.
B)conducting action potentials.
C)absorbing excess neurotransmitter.
D)responding to neural tissue damage.
E)forming a three-dimensional framework for the CNS.

Question 29

Neurons that have several dendrites and a single axon are called

A)anaxonic.
B)unipolar.
C)bipolar.
D)tripolar.
E)multipolar.

Question 30

________ are the most numerous type of neuron in the CNS.

A)Sensory neurons
B)Motor neurons
C)Unipolar neurons
D)Bipolar neurons
E)Interneurons

Question 31

Neurons that have one axon and one dendrite,with the soma in between,are called

A)anaxonic.
B)unipolar.
C)bipolar.
D)tripolar.
E)multipolar.

Question 32

Neurons that are rare,small,and lack features that distinguish dendrites from axons are called

A)anaxonic.
B)unipolar.
C)bipolar.
D)tripolar.
E)multipolar.

Question 33

The most abundant class of neuron in the central nervous system is

A)anaxonic.
B)bipolar.
C)multipolar.
D)pseudopolar.
E)unipolar.

Question 34

________ neurons are the most common class in the CNS.

A)Multipolar
B)Anaxonic
C)Unipolar
D)Bipolar
E)Pseudopolar

Question 35

________ provide information about the external environment.

A)Proprioceptors
B)Interoceptors
C)Exteroceptors
D)Somatic sensory receptors
E)Interneurons

Question 36

Neuron cell bodies in the PNS are clustered together in masses called

A)nerves.
B)ganglia.
C)the spinal cord.
D)peripheral nerves.
E)nuclei.

Question 37

Which of the following is nota function of the neuroglia?

A)support
B)memory
C)secretion of cerebrospinal fluid
D)maintenance of blood-brain barrier
E)phagocytosis

Question 38

Sensory neurons of the PNS are

A)anaxonic.
B)unipolar.
C)bipolar.
D)tripolar.
E)multipolar.

Question 39

________ neurons are short,with a cell body between dendrite and axon,and occur in special sense organs.

A)Multipolar
B)Anaxonic
C)Unipolar
D)Bipolar
E)Pseudopolar

Question 40

Neurons in which dendritic and axonal processes are continuous and the soma lies off to one side are called

A)anaxonic.
B)unipolar.
C)bipolar.
D)tripolar.
E)multipolar.

Question 41

After a stroke,what type of glial cell accumulates within the affected brain region?

A)Schwann cells
B)satellite cells
C)oligodendrocytes
D)microglia
E)ependymal cells

Question 42

In the peripheral nervous system,Schwann cells participate in the repair of damaged nerves by

A)producing new axons.
B)regenerating cell bodies for the neurons.
C)forming a cellular cord that directs axonal regrowth.
D)clearing away cellular debris.
E)producing more satellite cells that fuse to form new axons.

Question 43

The smallest neuroglia of the CNS that act as phagocytes are the

A)astrocytes.
B)ependymocytes.
C)microglia.
D)oligodendrocytes.
E)tanycytes.

Question 44

Damage to ependymal cells would most likely affect the

A)formation of myelin sheaths.
B)formation of cerebrospinal fluid.
C)formation of ganglia.
D)repair of axons.
E)transport of neurotransmitters within axons.

Question 45

________ account for roughly half of the volume of the nervous system.

A)Axons
B)Dendrites
C)Neuroglia
D)Synapses
E)Efferent fibers

Question 46

Regions of the CNS with an abundance of myelinated axons constitute the ________ matter.

A)white
B)grey
C)clear
D)dark
E)yellow

Question 47

Which of the following is a type of glial cell found in the peripheral nervous system?

A)astrocytes
B)satellite cells
C)oligodendrocytes
D)microglia
E)ependymal cells

Question 48

Glial cells that surround the neurons in ganglia are

A)astrocytes.
B)satellite cells.
C)oligodendrocytes.
D)microglia.
E)ependymal cells.

Question 49

Which part(s)of the neuron can conduct an action potential?

A)dendrites
B)dendrites and cell body
C)cell body and axon
D)axon and telodendria
E)dendrites and telodendria

Question 50

________ line the brain ventricles and spinal canal.

A)Astrocytes
B)Satellite cells
C)Oligodendrocytes
D)Microglia
E)Ependymal cells

Question 51

The largest and most numerous neuroglia in the CNS that absorb and recycle neurotransmitters are the

A)astrocytes.
B)ependymocytes.
C)microglia.
D)oligodendrocytes.
E)tanycytes.

Question 52

The separation of plus and negative charges across the membrane creates a ________ difference,or voltage.

A)kinetic
B)potential
C)concentration
D)gradient
E)graded

Question 53

Small,wandering cells that engulf cell debris and pathogens in the CNS are called

A)astrocytes.
B)satellite cells.
C)oligodendrocytes.
D)microglia.
E)ependymal cells.

Question 54

Which of the following are nottypes of neuroglia?

A)ependymal cells
B)microglia
C)astrocytes
D)oligodendrocytes
E)interneurons

Question 55

Many medications introduced into the bloodstream cannot directly affect the neurons of the CNS because

A)oligodendrocytes form a continuous myelin sheath around the axons.
B)the astrocytes isolate the CNS by forming a blood-brain barrier.
C)the neurilemma is impermeable to most molecules.
D)ependymal cells restrict the flow of interstitial fluid between the capillaries and the neurons.
E)Schwann cells form a capsule around neurons.

Question 56

The tiny gaps between adjacent Schwann cells are called

A)gap junctions.
B)synapses.
C)myelinated.
D)nodes.
E)internodes.

Question 57

Deteriorating changes in the distal segment of an axon as a result of a break between it and the soma is called ________ degeneration.

A)neural
B)central
C)peripheral
D)Wallerian
E)conduction

Question 58

Regions of the CNS where neuron cell bodies dominate constitute the ________ matter.

A)white
B)grey
C)clear
D)dark
E)yellow

Question 59

Extensive damage to oligodendrocytes in the CNS could result in

A)loss of the structural framework of the brain.
B)a breakdown of the blood-brain barrier.
C)inability to produce scar tissue at the site of an injury.
D)decreased production of cerebrospinal fluid.
E)reduced speed of nerve impulses.

Question 60

The neurilemma of axons in the peripheral nervous system is formed by

A)astrocytes.
B)satellite cells.
C)oligodendrocytes.
D)microglia.
E)Schwann cells.

Question 61

Which isnot true of voltage-gated sodium channels?

A)They have both an activation gate and an inactivation gate that work independent of each other.
B)They open and close in response to changes in the membrane potential.
C)They are found on excitable membranes.
D)They have both an activation gate and an inactivation gate that work dependent of each other.
E)None of these is false.

Question 62

Ions can move across the plasma membrane in all of the following ways except

A)through voltage-gated channels along the axolemma.
B)through passive or leak channels.
C)by ATP-dependent ion pumps like the sodium-potassium exchange pump.
D)through chemically-gated channels as in neuromuscular transmission.
E)diffusion directly through the plasma membrane.

Question 63

A gated channel that responds to changes in transmembrane potential is called a(n)________ channel.

A)leak-gated
B)voltage-gated
C)chemically gated
D)mechanically gated
E)ATP

Question 64

The sodium-potassium ion exchange pump

A)is not involved in producing the resting membrane potential.
B)transports sodium ions into the cell during depolarization.
C)transports potassium ions out of the cell during repolarization.
D)moves sodium and potassium opposite to the direction of their electrochemical gradients.
E)depends on a hydrogen gradient for energy.

Question 65

If the sodium-potassium pumps in the plasma membrane fail to function,all of the following occur except that the

A)intracellular concentration of potassium ions will increase.
B)neuron will slowly depolarize.
C)membrane will slowly lose its capacity to generate action potentials.
D)inside of the membrane will have a resting potential that is more positive than normal.
E)intracellular concentration of sodium ions will increase.

Question 66

________ channels open or close in response to physical distortion of the membrane surface.

A)Voltage-gated
B)Chemically gated
C)Active
D)Mechanically gated
E)Leak

Question 67

Opening of each of the following types of channels will contribute toward a graded potential except

A)closed voltage-gated sodium channel.
B)chemically gated acetylcholine receptor.
C)sodium leak channel.
D)mechanically gated sodium channel.
E)inactivated voltage-gated sodium channel.

Question 68

The Na-K ion exchange pump actively transports

A)1 intracellular sodium ion for 2 extracellular potassium ions.
B)2 intracellular sodium ions for 1 extracellular potassium ion.
C)3 intracellular sodium ions for 1 extracellular potassium ion.
D)3 intracellular sodium ions for 2 extracellular potassium ions.
E)3 extracellular sodium ions for 2 intracellular potassium ions.

Question 69

The equilibrium potential for potassium ions occurs at approximately

A)-90 mV.
B)-70 mV.
C)+66 mV.
D)0 mV.
E)-55 mV.

Question 70

Which of the following interactions between electrical and chemical gradients does not lead to the establishment of a neuron's resting potential?

A)Chemical and electrical forces both favor sodium ions entering the cell.
B)Electrical forces push sodium ions out of the cell.
C)Chemical forces tend to drive potassium ions out of the cell.
D)Potassium ions are attracted to the negative charges inside the cell.
E)Potassium ions are repulsed by positive charges outside the cell.

Question 71

Ion channels that are always open are called ________ channels.

A)active
B)gated
C)leak
D)regulated
E)local

Question 72

Puffer fish poison blocks voltage-gated sodium channels like a cork.What effect would this neurotoxin have on the function of neurons?

A)Neurons would depolarize more rapidly.
B)Action potentials would lack a repolarization phase.
C)The absolute refractory period would be shorter than normal.
D)The axon would be unable to generate action potentials.
E)None,because the chemically gated sodium channels would still function.

Question 73

________ channels open or close in response to binding specific molecules.

A)Leak
B)Activated
C)Chemically gated
D)Voltage-gated
E)Mechanically-gated

Question 74

If the permeability of sodium ions increases in an axon,

A)the membrane potential will depolarize.
B)the membrane potential will hyperpolarize.
C)inward movement of sodium ions will increase.
D)outward movement of sodium ions will decrease.
E)both the inward movement of sodium ions will increase and the membrane potential will depolarize.

Question 75

The sum of the electrical and chemical forces acting on an ion is known as its ________ gradient.

A)osmotic
B)chemiosmotic
C)concentration
D)potential
E)electrochemical

Question 76

Which of the following is not involved in creating the resting potential of a neuron?

A)diffusion of potassium ions out of the cell
B)diffusion of sodium ions into the cell
C)Membrane permeability for sodium ions is greater than for potassium ions.
D)Membrane permeability for potassium ions is greater than for sodium ions.
E)The interior of the plasma membrane has an excess of negative charges.

Question 77

Voltage-gated channels are present

A)at the motor end plate.
B)on the surface of dendrites.
C)in the membrane that covers axons.
D)on the soma of neurons.
E)along the perikaryon of neurons.

Question 78

The resting membrane potential exists mainly due to passive ________ channels.

A)leak
B)active
C)chemically gated
D)voltage-gated
E)mechanically-gated

Question 79

Raising the potassium ion concentration in the extracellular fluid surrounding a nerve cell will have which effect?

A)depolarize the membrane potential
B)hyperpolarize the membrane potential
C)increase the magnitude of the potassium equilibrium potential
D)repolarize the membrane potential
E)increase the magnitude of the sodium equilibrium potential

Question 80

If the potassium permeability of a resting neuron increases above the resting permeability,what effect will this have on the transmembrane potential?

A)The inside of the membrane will become more positive.
B)The inside of the membrane will become more negative.
C)There will be almost no effect on transmembrane potential.
D)The membrane will become depolarized.
E)The outside of the membrane will become more positive.