Deck 12: The Spinal Cord, spinal Nerves, and Spinal Reflexes

Question 1

The epidural space contains

A)cerebrospinal fluid.
B)lymph.
C)blood.
D)connective tissue and blood vessels.
E)denticulate ligaments.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Blood vessels that supply the spinal cord are protected by the

A)spinal meninges.
B)spinal nerve.
C)white matter.
D)spinal columns.
E)gray matter.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The spinal cord consists of five regions and ________ segments.

A)5
B)12
C)25
D)31
E)The number varies widely among individuals.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

After age ________ the vertebral column continues to elongate,but the spinal cord itself does not.

A)8
B)12
C)18
D)4
E)20

Question 5

Enlargements of the spinal cord occur

A)near the posterior median sulcus.
B)adjacent to the anterior median fissure.
C)in those spinal segments that control the limbs.
D)in the thoracic region.
E)in the sacral region.

Question 6

Which of the following associations is incorrect?

A)8 cervical spinal nerves
B)11 thoracic spinal nerves
C)5 lumbar spinal nerves
D)5 sacral spinal nerves
E)1 coccygeal spinal nerve

Question 7

The posterior root ganglia mainly contain

A)axons of motor neurons.
B)axons of sensory neurons.
C)cell bodies of motor neurons.
D)cell bodies of sensory neurons.
E)synapses.

Question 8

In an adult,the conus medullaris is found at about

A)T6.
B)T10.
C)L1.
D)L5.
E)Co1.

Question 9

The specialized membranes that surround the spinal cord are termed the

A)cranial meninges.
B)cranial mater.
C)spinal meninges.
D)spinal mater.
E)epidural membranes.

Question 10

The subdural space lies between the

A)arachnoid mater and the pia mater.
B)pia mater and the dura mater.
C)dura mater and the arachnoid mater.
D)pia mater and the subarachnoid space.
E)endosteum and the periosteum.

Question 11

The layer of the meninges in direct contact with the spinal cord is the

A)dura mater.
B)subarachnoid space.
C)arachnoid mater.
D)pia mater.
E)choroid plexus.

Question 12

The spinal cord continues to elongate until about age

A)20 years.
B)10 years.
C)4 years.
D)6 months.
E)2 months.

Question 13

Samples of CSF for diagnostic purposes are normally obtained by placing the tip of a needle in the

A)dura mater.
B)arachnoid mater.
C)epidural space.
D)subarachnoid space.
E)cerebral ventricles.

Question 14

The ________ is a strand of fibrous tissue that provides longitudinal support as a component of the coccygeal ligament.

A)conus medullaris
B)filum terminale
C)cauda equina
D)dorsal root
E)ventral root

Question 15

The ________ space separates the dura mater from the walls of the vertebral canal.

A)subpial
B)subarachnoid
C)epidural
D)epiarachnoid
E)subdural

Question 16

Reflexes,controlled by the spinal cord,act by

A)sensory output over cranial nerves to effectors.
B)motor input to reflex centers in the spinal cord.
C)sensory input to reflex centers in the brain.
D)motor output over spinal nerves to effectors.
E)sensory input over cranial nerves to the spinal cord.

Question 17

Compared to the vertebral column,the spinal cord is

A)longer.
B)shorter.
C)the same length.

Question 18

Cerebrospinal fluid flows within the

A)filum terminale.
B)subarachnoid space.
C)dura mater.
D)pia mater.
E)arachnoid mater.

Question 19

Spinal nerves

A)contain only sensory fibers.
B)contain only motor fibers.
C)contain both sensory and motor.
D)contain interneurons.
E)only carry information unidirectionally.

Question 20

The tough,fibrous,outermost covering of the spinal cord is the

A)arachnoid mater.
B)pia mater.
C)dura mater.
D)epidural space.
E)periosteum.

Question 21

Blood vessels traveling within ________ deliver oxygen and nutrients to the spinal cord.

A)the pia mater
B)the arachnoid mater
C)the dura mater
D)all three cranial meninges
E)all three spinal meninges

Question 22

Figure 12-1

-What is the function of the structure labeled "12"?

A)control of skeletal muscle
B)somatic sensory receiving
C)visceral sensory receiving
D)control of visceral effectors
E)ascending pathway

Question 23

The white matter of the spinal cord contains

A)bundles of axons with common origins,destinations,and functions.
B)bundles of dendrites with common origins,destinations,and functions.
C)sensory and motor nuclei.
D)both axons and dendrites.
E)interneurons.

Question 24

The anterior horns of the spinal cord contain mainly

A)sensory nuclei.
B)somatic motor nuclei.
C)autonomic motor nuclei.
D)nerve tracts.
E)sympathetic nuclei.

Question 25

The posterior horns of the spinal cord contain mainly

A)sensory nuclei.
B)somatic motor nuclei.
C)autonomic motor nuclei.
D)nerve tracts.
E)sympathetic nuclei.

Question 26

Bill contracts a viral disease that destroys cells in the posterior gray horns in his spinal cord.As a result,which of the following would you expect?

A)loss of sensation in his torso
B)inability to breathe
C)problems with moving his arms
D)uncontrollable sweating of his feet
E)problems with moving his legs

Question 27

A viral disease that destroys the neuronal cell bodies of the anterior gray horn will

A)lead to muscle weakness or paralysis.
B)interfere with position sense.
C)mainly interfere with crude touch and temperature sense.
D)block autonomic regulation.
E)interfere with communication from one side of the spinal cord to the other.

Question 28

Nerve tracts or fasciculi make up the

A)central canal.
B)posterior gray horns.
C)gray commissures.
D)anterior white columns.
E)all of the above.

Question 29

The outward projections from the central gray matter of the spinal cord are called

A)wings.
B)horns.
C)pyramids.
D)fibers.
E)tracts.

Question 30

Figure 12-1

-What is the function of the structure labeled "14"?

A)control of skeletal muscle
B)somatic sensory processing
C)control of autonomic effectors
D)somatic motor control
E)visceral sensory processing

Question 31

In the spinal cord,white matter is separated into ascending and descending tracts organized as

A)nuclei.
B)ganglia.
C)columns.
D)nerves.
E)horns.

Question 32

Axons crossing from one side of the spinal cord to the other within the gray matter are found in the

A)anterior gray horns.
B)lateral gray horns.
C)posterior gray horns.
D)gray commissures.
E)white commissures.

Question 33

Figure 12-1

-Where do somatic motor neurons reside?

A)10
B)12
C)13
D)14
E)15

Question 34

The white matter of the spinal cord is mainly

A)unmyelinated axons.
B)neuroglia.
C)Schwann cells.
D)myelinated axons.
E)nodes of Ranvier.

Question 35

During the procedure known as a spinal tap,a needle is inserted into the ________ in the inferior ________ region.

A)epidural space; thoracic
B)epidural space; lumbar
C)epidural space; sacral
D)subarachnoid space; thoracic
E)subarachnoid space; lumbar

Question 36

The gray horns of the spinal cord contain mainly

A)nerve tracts.
B)columns.
C)meninges.
D)neuron cell bodies.
E)cerebrospinal fluid.

Question 37

Of the spinal meninges,the middle one is the ________ mater.

A)epidural
B)pia
C)subdural
D)arachnoid
E)dura

Question 38

Figure 12-1

-What is the function of the structure labeled "15"?

A)control of skeletal muscle
B)somatic sensory processing
C)control of autonomic effectors
D)somatic motor control
E)visceral sensory processing

Question 39

Figure 12-1
Identify the structure labeled "1."

A)anterior white column
B)lateral white column
C)lateral white horn
D)median commissure
E)posterior white column

Question 40

Figure 12-1
Identify the structure labeled "10."

A)anterior white commissure
B)anterior median fissure
C)anterior white column
D)anterior gray commissure
E)anterior white horn

Question 41

The outermost connective-tissue covering of nerves is the

A)endoneurium.
B)endomysium.
C)perineurium.
D)epineurium.
E)epimysium.

Question 42

The ________ of each spinal nerve innervates the skin and muscles of the back.

A)white ramus communicans
B)gray ramus communicans
C)posterior ramus
D)anterior ramus
E)dermatome

Question 43

Each peripheral nerve provides ________ innervation to peripheral structures.

A)only motor
B)only sensory
C)both motor and sensory
D)either motor or sensory
E)motor and/or sensory

Question 44

The postganglionic fibers that connect an sympathetic ganglion and carry fibers that innervate glands and smooth muscle of the body wall or limbs are the

A)white rami communicans.
B)gray rami communicans.
C)posterior ramus.
D)anterior ramus.
E)dermatomes.

Question 45

Sensory input from interoceptors of the body walls and limbs is carried to the spinal nerve via the

A)posterior rami.
B)anterior rami.
C)anterior horn.
D)gray rami.
E)sympathetic nerves.

Question 46

Figure 12-2
Identify the structure labeled "5."

A)autonomic nerve
B)autonomic ganglion
C)rami communicantes
D)posterior root ganglion
E)anterior root

Question 47

Figure 12-2
Identify the structure labeled "8."

A)peripheral nerve
B)posterior ramus
C)spinal nerve
D)anterior root
E)posterior root

Question 48

Which of the following describes the posterior root ganglion?

A)contains axons of motor neurons
B)contains axons of sensory neurons
C)contains cell bodies of motor neurons
D)contains cell bodies of sensory neurons
E)contains interneurons

Question 49

Figure 12-2

-In which structure are sensory cell bodies located?

A)4
B)6
C)5
D)10
E)12

Question 50

The preganglionic fibers that carry visceral motor fibers and connect a spinal nerve with an sympathetic ganglion form the

A)white rami communicans.
B)gray rami communicans.
C)posterior ramus.
D)anterior ramus.
E)dermatomes.

Question 51

The anterior root of a spinal nerve contains

A)axons of motor neurons.
B)axons of sensory neurons.
C)cell bodies of motor neurons.
D)cell bodies of sensory neurons.
E)interneurons.

Question 52

The layer of connective tissue that surrounds individual axons within a peripheral nerve is termed the

A)endoneurium.
B)perineurium.
C)epineurium.
D)metaneurium.
E)subneurium.

Question 53

A posterior and anterior root of each spinal segment unite to form a

A)cervical enlargement.
B)lumbar enlargement.
C)spinal nerve.
D)spinal meninx.
E)spinal ganglion.

Question 54

The ________ innervate(s)the ventrolateral body surface,structures in the body wall,and the limbs.

A)white rami communicans
B)gray rami communicans
C)posterior ramus
D)anterior ramus
E)dermatomes

Question 55

The layer of connective tissue that surrounds a fascicle within a peripheral nerve is the

A)perineurium.
B)epineurium.
C)endoneurium.
D)epimysium.
E)endosteum.

Question 56

Mary is in an automobile accident and suffers a spinal cord injury.She has lost feeling in her lower body.Her doctor tells her that swelling is compressing a portion of her spinal cord.Which part of her cord is likely to be compressed?

A)ascending tracts in the cervical region of her spinal cord.
B)descending tracts in the cervical region of her spinal cord.
C)ascending tracts in the lumbar region of her spinal cord.
D)descending tracts in the lumbar region of her spinal cord.
E)the anterior white commissures.

Question 57

Figure 12-2
Identify the structure labeled "6."

A)autonomic nerve
B)sympathetic ganglion
C)posterior root ganglion
D)rami communicantes
E)ventral root

Question 58

Figure 12-2
Identify the structure labeled "2."

A)anterior root
B)posterior ramus
C)spinal nerve
D)anterior ramus
E)white ramus

Question 59

The face,head,and cheeks are located in a dermatome supplied by nerves from what spinal cord region?

A)sacral
B)thoracic
C)cervical
D)lumbar
E)No spinal nerves innervate the dermatome containing the face.

Question 60

In the condition ________,a virus infects posterior root ganglia,causing a painful rash whose distribution corresponds to that of the affected sensory nerves as seen in their dermatomes.

A)myasthenia gravis
B)mumps
C)shingles
D)polio
E)rubella

Question 61

The ventral rami of spinal nerves C4 to T1 contribute fibers to the ________ plexus.

A)cervical
B)brachial
C)lumbar
D)sacral
E)thoracic

Question 62

A complex,interwoven network of nerves is called a

A)nerve ganglion.
B)nerve plexus.
C)spinal cord.
D)spinal plexus.
E)ramus.

Question 63

Spinal nerves from the sacral region of the cord innervate the ________ muscles.

A)shoulder
B)intercostal
C)abdominal
D)leg
E)facial

Question 64

The complex,interwoven network formed by contributions from the anterior rami of neighboring spinal nerves is termed a(n)

A)dermatome.
B)autonomic nerve.
C)lateral nerve.
D)tract.
E)plexus.

Question 65

In ________,axon collaterals extend back toward the source of the impulse and further stimulate the earlier neurons.

A)parallel processing
B)reverberation
C)convergence
D)divergence
E)serial processing

Question 66

As the ________ nerve approaches the knee,it divides into two branches,the fibular nerve and the tibial nerve.

A)perineal
B)femoral
C)brachial
D)pudendal
E)sciatic

Question 67

In a ________ neuronal pool,one neuron synapses on several postsynaptic neurons.

A)parallel processing
B)reverberating
C)converging
D)diverging
E)serial processing

Question 68

Recognized neuronal circuit patterns include all of the following except

A)convergent.
B)divergent.
C)multipolar.
D)reverberating.
E)parallel processing.

Question 69

If the posterior root of a spinal nerve is severed,

A)output to skeletal muscles would be blocked.
B)output to visceral organs would be blocked.
C)the spinal cord would not be able to process information at that level.
D)the brain would not be able to communicate with that level of the spinal cord.
E)sensory input would be blocked.

Question 70

The ________ nerve,which arises in the cervical plexus,innervates the diaphragm.

A)ansa cervicalis
B)lesser occipital
C)radial
D)phrenic
E)sciatic

Question 71

The ________ plexus supplies innervation to the diaphragm.

A)spinal
B)cervical
C)thoracic
D)lumbar
E)sacral

Question 72

Suppose that you feel something brushing against your abdomen.The sensory information would be carried to the spinal cord over a ________ ramus.

A)white ramus communicans
B)gray ramus communicans
C)posterior
D)anterior
E)rami communicantes

Question 73

Somatic motor neurons in the spinal cord control all of the following muscles except those that

A)position the pectoral girdle.
B)move the arm.
C)move the hand and fingers.
D)move the face.
E)move the forearm and hand.

Question 74

Each of the following nerves originates in the lumbar plexus except the ________ nerve.

A)saphenous
B)sciatic
C)femoral
D)obturator
E)genitofemoral

Question 75

The brachial plexus gives rise to all of the following nerves except the

A)radial.
B)median.
C)ulnar.
D)musculocutaneous.
E)phrenic.

Question 76

The nerve crucial for breathing that originates within the cervical plexus is called the ________ nerve.

A)ansa cervicalis
B)great auricular
C)transverse cervical
D)phrenic
E)supraclavicular

Question 77

In which plexus does the ulnar nerve arise?

A)cranial
B)cervical
C)brachial
D)lumbar
E)sacral

Question 78

The obturator nerve is distributed to the

A)adductors of the hip.
B)skin over the perineum.
C)extensors of the hip.
D)skin over buttocks.
E)biceps femoris.

Question 79

If a person has a crush injury to the C3-C5 spinal segments,you would expect that he

A)might be unable to breathe on his own.
B)could walk without difficulty.
C)would have full range of motion in all extremities.
D)would be in a coma.
E)would exhibit none of the above.

Question 80

The anterior rami form four major plexuses,including all of the following except the ________ plexus.

A)brachial
B)lumbar
C)sacral
D)nuchal
E)cervical