Deck 1: An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology

Question 1

Gas exchange is to the respiratory system as absorption of nutrients is to the ________ system(s).

A)lymphatic
B)urinary
C)digestive
D)cardiovascular
E)urinary and cardiovascular

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Directing long-term changes in the activities of other organ systems is the major function of the ________ system.

A)endocrine
B)cardiovascular
C)respiratory
D)lymphatic
E)digestive

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which type of cells are spherical and contain energy molecules?

A)bone cells
B)fat cells
C)muscle cells
D)white blood cells
E)red blood cells

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which organ system transports nutrients,metabolic wastes,gases,and defense cells?

A)cardiovascular
B)digestive
C)muscular
D)respiratory
E)urinary

Question 5

Protection from environmental hazards is a function of the ________ system.

A)skeletal
B)muscular
C)integumentary
D)endocrine
E)skeletal and muscular

Question 6

A chemical imbalance in the blood can cause the heart to stop pumping blood,which in turn will cause other tissues and organs to cease functioning.This observation supports the view that

A)all organisms are composed of cells.
B)all levels of organization within an organism are interdependent.
C)chemical molecules make up cells.
D)blood has magical properties.
E)congenital defects can be life-threatening.

Question 7

________ is the study of tissue structures.

A)Gross anatomy
B)Pathology
C)Biology
D)Microbiology
E)Histology

Question 8

Which type of cells recycle the calcium and phosphate stored there?

A)bone cells
B)fat cells
C)muscle cells
D)nervous cells
E)blood cells

Question 9

Anatomy is to ________ as physiology is to ________.

A)function; form
B)form; structure
C)structure; function
D)structure; form
E)growth; form

Question 10

Which of the following is arranged in correct order from the most complex to the simplest?

A)cellular,tissue,molecular,system,organ,organism
B)molecular,cellular,tissue,organ,system,organism
C)tissue,cellular,molecular,organ,system,organism
D)organ,organism,molecular,cellular,tissue,system
E)organism,system,organ,tissue,cellular,molecular

Question 11

The maintenance of a constant internal environment in an organism is termed

A)positive feedback.
B)homeostasis.
C)negative feedback.
D)effector control.
E)integration.

Question 12

Which type of cells carry oxygen and carbon dioxide?

A)bone cells
B)fat cells
C)muscle cells
D)white blood cells
E)red blood cells

Question 13

Because the anatomy and physiology of the body's structures are interrelated,it is often said that "form determines ________."

A)anatomy
B)physiology
C)structure
D)function
E)biology

Question 14

Which organ system provides support,protection of soft tissue,mineral storage,and blood formation?

A)integumentary
B)muscular
C)skeletal
D)nervous
E)endocrine

Question 15

Which of the following tissues covers and protects exposed surface areas of the body?

A)connective tissue
B)muscle tissue
C)epithelial tissue
D)bone tissue
E)nervous tissue

Question 16

Which organ system removes carbon dioxide from the bloodstream?

A)cardiovascular
B)lymphatic
C)respiratory
D)digestive
E)endocrine

Question 17

What is the smallest living level of organization?

A)cellular level
B)chemical level
C)organ level
D)organ system level
E)tissue level

Question 18

Which of the following cell types is long,slender and makes contractions?

A)red blood cells
B)bone cells
C)fat cells
D)muscle cells
E)white blood cells

Question 19

The central principle of physiology is

A)nutrition.
B)reflexes.
C)homeostasis.
D)stimulation.
E)temperature regulation.

Question 20

Which of the following tissues fills internal spaces and provides structural support?

A)connective tissue
B)muscle tissue
C)epithelial tissue
D)bone tissue
E)nervous tissue

Question 21

All of the following are structures of the cardiovascular system,except

A)the heart.
B)arteries.
C)the spleen.
D)veins.
E)capillaries.

Question 22

Which one of the following is not a characteristic of the endocrine system?

A)It releases chemicals that affect other organs or tissues.
B)It produces a more rapid response than the nervous system.
C)It produces effects that last for days or longer.
D)It produces an effect that involves several organs or tissues at the same time.
E)It is important in regulating organs and tissues.

Question 23

If a response decreases a disturbance,the system is classified as a ________ feedback system.

A)deficit
B)negative
C)neutral
D)polarized
E)positive

Question 24

All of the following are organs of the endocrine system,except

A)pituitary.
B)thyroid.
C)thymus.
D)muscle.
E)pancreas.

Question 25

If a response increases a disturbance,the system is classified as a ________ feedback system.

A)deficit
B)negative
C)neutral
D)polarized
E)positive

Question 26

A cell or organ that responds to commands of the control center in negative feedback is termed a(n)

A)receptor.
B)thermoregulator.
C)control center (integration center).
D)effector.
E)stimulus.

Question 27

An example of a receptor in a negative feedback loop controlling body temperature would be

A)temperature sensors on the skin that detect a stimulus.
B)sweat glands that increase secretion.
C)regulatory centers that send commands to an effector.
D)effectors that cause blood vessels to dilate.
E)sweat glands that act like effectors.

Question 28

All of the following are examples of positive feedback,except

A)blood clot formation.
B)release of chemicals from the blood vessels after injury.
C)decrease bleeding after injury.
D)increase heart rate after blood loss.
E)relaxation of smooth muscles' blood vessels when body temperature goes up.

Question 29

The tendency for physiological systems to stabilize internal conditions is called

A)homeostasis.
B)disease.
C)biology.
D)responsiveness.
E)adaptability.

Question 30

The heart is an example of a(n)

A)cell.
B)tissue.
C)organ.
D)extracellular fluid.
E)organ system.

Question 31

All of the following participate in thermoregulation,except

A)brain.
B)skin.
C)gastrointestinal system.
D)blood vessels.
E)sweat glands.

Question 32

Elimination of excess water,salts,and waste products are functions of the ________ system.

A)endocrine
B)digestive
C)respiratory
D)urinary
E)lymphatic

Question 33

The quadrants of the abdominopelvic region include all of the following except the

A)right upper quadrant (RUQ).
B)right lower quadrant (RLQ).
C)left upper quadrant (LUQ).
D)left lower quadrant (LLQ).
E)pelvic quadrant.

Question 34

When body temperature rises,a center in the brain initiates physiological changes to decrease the body temperature.This is an example of

A)negative feedback.
B)positive feedback.
C)nonhomeostatic regulation.
D)diagnostic regulation.
E)fever.

Question 35

Much of the early history in anatomy is tied to what country?

A)France
B)Italy
C)United States
D)Spain
E)England

Question 36

Which gastrointestinal organ is responsible for bile secretion and regulation of blood nutrient composition?

A)gallbladder
B)liver
C)stomach
D)pancreas
E)salivary glands

Question 37

The integrating center for the negative feedback loop that regulates body temperature is the

A)brain.
B)skin.
C)temperature receptor.
D)positive feedback center.
E)thermostat.

Question 38

When homeostatic mechanisms fail,an individual will experience the symptoms of

A)homeostasis.
B)negative feedback.
C)illness or disease.
D)positive feedback.

Question 39

What is the primary function of kidneys?

A)removes carbon dioxide from the body
B)store urine
C)regulate blood glucose
D)form and concentrate urine
E)secret enzymes for digestion

Question 40

Homeostatic regulation usually involves a(n)________ that detects a particular stimulus,and a(n)________ that responds to the stimulus by communicating with a(n)________ whose activity has an effect on the same stimulus.

A)control center (integrating center); receptor; effector
B)receptor; control center (integrating center); effector
C)effector; control center (integrating center); receptor
D)receptor; effector; control center (integrating center)
E)effector; receptor; control center (integrating center)

Question 41

Which plane divides the body into right and left parts?

A)proximal
B)frontal
C)orthogonal
D)transverse
E)sagittal

Question 42

A person lying face down is in the ________ position.

A)prone
B)supine
C)anatomical
D)anterior
E)posterior

Question 43

Which of the following terms refers to the foot?

A)cervical
B)brachial
C)antebrachial
D)femoral
E)pedal

Question 44

The wrist is ________ to the elbow.

A)proximal
B)distal
C)lateral
D)medial
E)horizontal

Question 45

While standing in the anatomical position,

A)front refers to posterior.
B)front refers to inferior.
C)back refers to anterior.
D)back refers to superior.
E)back refers to dorsal.

Question 46

Which of the following is not considered an abdominopelvic region?

A)right hypochondriac
B)right inguinal region
C)left lumbar
D)left hypochondriac
E)upper right

Question 47

The anatomical name for the pollex is the

A)foot.
B)hand.
C)armpit.
D)groin.
E)thumb.

Question 48

A cut parallel to the midsagittal plane would produce a ________ section.

A)superior
B)coronal
C)transverse
D)parasagittal
E)frontal

Question 49

A person is lying on the bed gazing at the ceiling.She is in the ________ position.

A)prone
B)supine
C)anatomical
D)dorsal
E)caudal

Question 50

The heart is ________ to the lungs.

A)lateral
B)medial
C)posterior
D)proximal
E)distal

Question 51

While standing erect,the direction of caudal is

A)upward.
B)downward.
C)laterally.
D)medially.
E)None of the answers is correct.

Question 52

The liver is primarily located in the ________ quadrant.

A)right upper
B)left upper
C)right lower
D)left lower
E)hepatic

Question 53

The urinary bladder is found in the ________ quadrant and the ________ quadrant.

A)right upper; right lower
B)left upper; left lower
C)right upper; left lower
D)right lower; left lower

Question 54

A person facing forward with hands at the sides and palms facing forward is in the ________ position.

A)supine
B)prone
C)anatomical
D)frontal
E)sagittal

Question 55

The common term for the carpal region is the

A)skull.
B)ankle.
C)chest.
D)wrist.
E)leg.

Question 56

The anatomical term for the buccal region is the

A)buttock.
B)cheek.
C)head.
D)arm.
E)foot.

Question 57

A midsagittal section would pass through the

A)kidney.
B)lung.
C)heart.
D)spleen.
E)leg.

Question 58

The anatomical name for the patellar region is the

A)kneecap.
B)breast.
C)hand.
D)neck
E)ear.

Question 59

Terms of anatomical direction are used to describe

A)one body part in relation to another.
B)surgical procedures.
C)a supine position.
D)the nervous system.
E)living matter.

Question 60

An anatomical term that means the same as "ventral" is

A)posterior.
B)inferior.
C)abdominal.
D)anterior.
E)superior.

Question 61

Which of the following structures is located within the mediastinum?

A)pericardial sac
B)small intestine
C)lung
D)spleen
E)stomach

Question 62

The muscle known as the diaphragm separates the ________ from the ________.

A)pleural cavity; mediastinum
B)thoracic cavity; abdominopelvic cavity
C)pericardial cavity; pleural cavity
D)abdominal cavity; pelvic cavity
E)pericardial sac; pericardial cavity

Question 63

The serous membrane covering the stomach and most of the intestines is called the

A)pericardium.
B)peritoneum.
C)pleura.
D)mediastinum.
E)abdomen.

Question 64

The chin is ________ to the nose.

A)anterior
B)superior
C)posterior
D)inferior
E)medial

Question 65

Look at the woman standing.On which wrist is her bracelet found?

A)left
B)right

Question 66

What is the structure marked with an X in the MRI scan?

A)stomach
B)aorta
C)spleen
D)right kidney
E)left kidney

Question 67

Try this experiment.Pick one of the two examples,cover up the text,and focus solely on the art.What did you discover?

A)The art was not clear.
B)Text is not helpful for learning A&P.
C)The text-art integration is important for understanding what was described.
D)The text-art integration was unnecessary.
E)Art is not helpful for learning A&P.

Question 68

Define module,and state where the learning outcomes appear.

A)A module is an independent,self-contained unit about a specific topic.Learning outcomes appear in the upper left-hand corner of each module.
B)A module is an independent,self-contained unit about a specific topic.Learning outcomes appear in the lower left-hand corner of each module.
C)A module is an independent,self-contained unit about a specific topic.Learning outcomes appear in the lower right-hand corner of each module.
D)A module is a chapter containing information over a body system.Learning outcomes appear in the lower right-hand corner of each module.
E)A module is a chapter containing information over a body system.Learning outcomes appear in the upper right-hand corner of each module.

Question 69

What do eye-tracking studies tell us about the most effective way to learn?

A)The extrinsic eye muscles are flexible.
B)The extrinsic eye muscles develop during reading.
C)To read text without looking at art.
D)To look at art without reading text.
E)To read the text and the art together.

Question 70

Visceral pericardium is located

A)on the heart itself.
B)lining the pleural cavity.
C)on the small intestine itself.
D)on the lung itself.
E)lining the peritoneal cavity.

Question 71

What do scientists mean when they use the term "Black Box"?

A)Scientists are referring to X-ray units.
B)Scientists are referring to missing knowledge.
C)Scientists are referring to MRI units.
D)Scientists are referring to the known extent of knowledge in A&P.
E)Scientists are referring to the limitations and risks of studying the human body.

Question 72

The two major divisions of the ventral body cavity are the

A)pelvic and thoracic.
B)cranial and sacral.
C)lateral and medial.
D)thoracic and abdominopelvic.
E)dorsal and ventral.

Question 73

The thoracic cavity contains the

A)coelom.
B)pericardial cavity.
C)pelvic cavity.
D)pleural cavities.
E)pericardial and pleural cavities.

Question 74

Calculate the area in blue.All numbers are in centimeters (cm).If you need help,scan the QR code in the upper right corner on the opposite page.

A)5)12 square centimeters
B)10.24 square centimeters
C)20.48 square centimeters
D)64 square centimeters
E)96 square centimeters

Question 75

The mediastinum

A)contains the pleural cavities.
B)separates the pleural cavities.
C)contains the pericardial cavity.
D)contains both the pleural and pericardial cavities.
E)separates the pleural cavities,and contains the pericardial cavity.

Question 76

What is human A&P?

A)The field of human anatomy and physiology.
B)The field of human anthropology and philosophy.
C)The field of human action and potential.
D)The field of human alliance and power.
E)The field of human activity and physics.

Question 77

The right pleural cavity contains the

A)heart.
B)trachea.
C)left lung.
D)right lung.
E)left lung and right lung.

Question 78

Which of the following organs is located between the peritoneum and the body wall?

A)stomach
B)kidney
C)urinary bladder
D)large intestine
E)spleen

Question 79

Which of the following organs is not contained within the abdominal cavity?

A)stomach
B)small intestine
C)ovary
D)spleen
E)pancreas

Question 80

Define the term biology.

A)Biology is the study of matter and energy.
B)Biology is the study of rocks and minerals.
C)Biology is the study of human behavior.
D)Biology is the study of life.
E)Biology is the study of human culture.