Deck 23: Vessels and Circulation

Question 1

In general,arterioles have _______ layers of smooth muscle.

A)fewer than six
B)more than six
C)exactly six
D)no

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The ________ is composed of circularly arranged layers of smooth muscle cells.

A)tunica media
B)tunica externa
C)tunica intima
D)tunica interna
E)None of the answers is correct.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The function of the postcapillary venule is to

A)allow for diffusion of nutrients to the tissues.
B)allow for diffusion of metabolic wastes from the tissues.
C)drain the capillary bed.
D)supply metarteriole with blood.
E)allow for diffusion of nutrients and metabolic wastes.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The systemic veins carry blood that is _______ oxygen.

A)low in
B)high in
C)absent of any

Question 5

The largest arteries of the body are classified as

A)muscular arteries.
B)arterioles.
C)elastic arteries.
D) muscular and elastic since they have the same dimensions.

Question 6

Which is the correct order of artery types for the passage of blood from the heart to the capillaries? a: Elastic arteries
B: Arterioles
C: Muscular arteries

A)a,b,c
B)a,c,b
C)c,a,b
D)c,b,a
E)b,a,c

Question 7

The ________ is composed of an endothelium and a subendothelial layer made up of a thin layer of areolar connective tissue.

A)tunica media
B)tunica externa
C)tunica intima
D)tunica adventitia
E)None of the answers is correct.

Question 8

Sinusoids are found in
A: Bone marrow
B: Spleen
C: Small intestine
D: Kidney
E: Liver
F: Muscle
G: Skin

A)a,b,e
B)b,c,e,f
C)c,d
D)f,g
E)b,c,d,g

Question 9

As an arterial pathway moves farther from the heart,the arteries

A)get smaller.
B)get larger.
C)show no change in their lumen size.

Question 10

Vasoconstriction of the arterioles will result in ________ in blood pressure.

A)an increase
B)a decrease
C)no change

Question 11

Which of the artery types contain the internal and external elastic laminae?

A)Elastic arteries
B)Arterioles
C)Muscular arteries
D)Elastic and muscular arteries
E)Elastic arteries and arterioles

Question 12

Which are found in the capillary wall? a: Endothelium
B: Subendothelial layer
C: Internal elastic lamina
D: Intercellular clefts
E: External elastic lamina
F: Basement membrane

A)a,d,f
B)a,b,d,f
C)a,b,d,e,f
D)a,c,d,e,f
E)b,d,e,f

Question 13

Precapillary sphincters will

A)control blood flow into the true capillaries.
B)cause blood to flow directly from the metarteriole into the postcapillary venule.
C)open when the tissue needs nutrients.
D)close when the tissue's needs have been met.
E)All of these answers are correct.

Question 14

A network of small arteries called the ___________ provides a blood supply to the tunica externa of very large vessels.

A)vasa vasorum
B)companion vessels
C)distributing arteries
D)fenestrated arteries
E)thoroughfare channels

Question 15

In general,as an artery's diameter decreases,there is a(n)

A)decrease in the amount of smooth muscle and an increase in the number of elastic fibers.
B)increase in the amount of smooth muscle and a decrease in the number of elastic fibers.
C)increase in both smooth muscle and elastic fibers.
D)decrease in both smooth muscle and elastic fibers.

Question 16

Which are considered end arteries?

A)Epigastric arteries
B)Renal arteries
C)Splenic arteries
D)Epigastric and renal arteries
E)Renal and splenic arteries

Question 17

In arteries,the thickest layer of the wall is the

A)tunica media.
B)tunica externa.
C)tunica intima.
D)tunica adventitia.
E)None of these answers is correct.

Question 18

As a venous pathway moves closer to the heart,the veins

A)get smaller.
B)get larger.
C)show no change in their lumen size.

Question 19

Gas,nutrient,and waste exchange occur between the __________ and the tissues of the body.

A)arteries
B)veins
C)capillaries
D)capillaries and veins
E)capillaries and arteries

Question 20

In the elastic arteries,which of the tunics have elastic fibers?

A)Tunica externa
B)Tunica intima
C)Tunica media
D)Tunica media and tunica externa
E)Tunica media,tunica intima,and tunica externa

Question 21

The cerebral arterial circle is an anastomosis of arteries around the

A)pons.
B)medulla oblongata.
C)sella turcica.
D)frontal lobes.
E)dural venous sinuses.

Question 22

The brachiocephalic veins are formed by the
A: Internal jugular veins
B: Right sigmoid sinus
C: Left sigmoid sinus
D: Subclavian veins
E: Straight sinus

A)a,b,e
B)a,c,d
C)b,c,e
D)a,d
E)b,d,e

Question 23

The artery that will eventually divide to form the posterior cerebral arteries is the _____ artery.

A)basilar
B)external carotid
C)maxillary
D)superficial temporal
E)internal carotid

Question 24

The internal thoracic artery will become the _________,which carries blood to the superior abdominal wall.

A)superior epigastric artery
B)inferior epigastric artery
C)anterior intercostal arteries
D)musculophrenic artery

Question 25

At the bifurcation of the aorta in the pelvic region,the _______ artery arises to supply the sacrum and coccyx.

A)lumbar
B)posterior intercostal
C)subclavian
D)median sacral
E)femoral

Question 26

The superior vena cava is formed by the merging of the _______ veins.

A)internal thoracic
B)inferior epigastric
C)lumbar
D)brachiocephalic
E)internal jugular

Question 27

The artery pair that supplies the lower limbs are the

A)common carotid arteries.
B)internal iliac arteries.
C)subclavian arteries.
D)external iliac arteries.
E)vertebral arteries.

Question 28

Which send blood to either esophageal arteries or esophageal branches to supply the esophagus with blood?

A)Thoracic aorta
B)Bronchial arteries
C)Left gastric artery
D)Thoracic aorta and left gastric artery
E)Bronchial arteries and left gastric artery

Question 29

Blood pressure is lowest in

A)arteries.
B)veins.
C)arterioles.
D)venules.
E)capillaries.

Question 30

The end of the aorta occurs when the vessel bifurcates into the

A)brachiocephalic artery.
B)subclavian arteries.
C)common iliac arteries.
D)common carotid arteries.

Question 31

The force per unit area that blood places on the inside wall of a blood vessel

A)is called the pulse.
B)is called the blood pressure.
C)increases the farther the vessel is from the heart.
D)is greater during diastole.
E)is greater in the inferior vena cava than in the common iliac vein.

Question 32

Muscles,skin,the thymus,the lungs,and the CNS contain

A)sinusoid capillaries.
B)continuous capillaries.
C)fenestrated capillaries.
D)None of these answers is correct.

Question 33

Valves in veins

A)make the use of a skeletal muscle pump unnecessary for venous blood flow.
B)are the leading cause of high blood pressure.
C)are found only in the largest veins.
D)cause venous blood flow to go in only one direction.
E)are formed of the tunica media.

Question 34

Superior phrenic arteries supply the ______ and emerge from the _____.

A)diaphragm; descending abdominal aorta
B)diaphragm; descending thoracic aorta
C)stomach; descending abdominal aorta
D)pancreas; descending abdominal aorta
E)esophagus; descending thoracic aorta

Question 35

The most immediate artery responsible for supplying the teeth,gums,nasal cavity,and meninges is the _____ artery.

A)superficial temporal
B)maxillary
C)lingual
D)occipital
E)ascending pharyngeal

Question 36

The anterior communicating artery of the cerebral arterial circle connects the

A)posterior cerebral arteries.
B)anterior cerebral arteries.
C)vertebral arteries.
D)basilar artery and the internal carotid artery.
E)posterior communicating artery and the middle cerebral artery.

Question 37

The artery that bifurcates into the right subclavian artery and the right common carotid artery is the

A)brachiocephalic artery.
B)right common iliac artery.
C)right brachial artery.
D)right coronary artery.
E)superior vena cava.

Question 38

The most common type of capillaries are

A)fenestrated.
B)sinusoids.
C)continuous.
D)venules.
E)discontinuous.

Question 39

Increased cardiac output ______ the blood pressure.

A)decreases
B)increases
C)will not affect

Question 40

A venule becomes a vein when its diameter is greater than ____ micrometers.

A)1
B)10
C)100
D)1000
E)None of these answers is correct.

Question 41

The vitelline system of fetal circulation

A)drains the gastrointestinal region.
B)supplies the placenta.
C)forms the veins of the head and neck.
D)forms the veins of the body wall.
E)drains the limbs.

Question 42

Which carries blood from the liver to the inferior vena cava?

A)Hepatic portal vein
B)Splenic vein
C)Inferior mesenteric vein
D)Superior mesenteric vein
E)Hepatic veins

Question 43

Typically,there are _____ left and _____ right pulmonary veins to carry the oxygenated blood to the left atrium.

A)three; two
B)two; three
C)four; four
D)two; two
E)three; three

Question 44

The left renal vein,right renal vein,right suprarenal vein,and right gonadal vein merge directly into the

A)superior vena cava.
B)great saphenous vein.
C)inferior vena cava.
D)common iliac vein.
E)obturator vein.

Question 45

The branches that arise from the celiac trunk are the

A)left gastric and splenic arteries.
B)left gastroepiploic and splenic arteries.
C)left gastric and common hepatic arteries.
D)left gastric,left gastroepiploic,and splenic arteries.
E)left gastric,splenic,and common hepatic arteries.

Question 46

The pulmonary arteries have _____ elastic tissue and ______ lumens than systemic arteries.

A)less; wider
B)more; narrower
C)more; wider
D)less; narrower

Question 47

Which situations are shared by both the blood supply of the lower extremity and the upper extremity?
A: Supplied by a main arterial vessel
B: Have arterial arches
C: Have venous arches
D: Have superficial network of veins
E: Have deep network of veins

A)a,c,d
B)a,b,c,d
C)b,d
D)b,c,e
E)a,b,c,d,e

Question 48

Which are unpaired arteries?
A: Superior phrenic
B: Celiac trunk
C: Superior mesenteric
D: Inferior mesenteric
E: Inferior phrenic
F: Vertebral

A)a,d,e,f
B)b,d,f
C)b,c,d
D)a,b,e
E)b,c,f

Question 49

The artery that arises from the descending aorta and is immediately inferior to the celiac trunk is the _____ artery.

A)inferior mesenteric
B)right gastric
C)common hepatic
D)superior mesenteric
E)splenic

Question 50

The _________ run(s)adjacent to the medial surface of the upper limb and eventually helps form the axillary vein.

A)cephalic vein
B)radial veins
C)ulnar veins
D)brachial veins
E)basilic vein

Question 51

The veins that merge to form the inferior vena cava are the _____ veins.

A)external iliac
B)internal iliac
C)popliteal
D)posterior and anterior tibial
E)common iliac

Question 52

Which supply the pancreas?
A: Inferior mesenteric artery
B: Gastroduodenal artery
C: Gastroepiploic artery
D: Splenic artery
E: Superior mesenteric artery

A)b,d,e
B)a,d,e
C)b,c,e
D)a,c,e
E)b,e

Question 53

The popliteal artery supplies the

A)hip joint.
B)ankle joint.
C)knee joint.
D)elbow joint.
E)palmar region.

Question 54

Which sequence indicates the correct pathway for blood in the arterial flow of the upper limb?

A)Axillary artery - brachial artery - subclavian artery - ulnar artery
B)Brachial artery - subclavian artery - axillary artery - radial artery
C)Axillary artery - subclavian artery - radial artery - ulnar artery
D)Subclavian artery - brachial artery - axillary artery - radial artery
E)Subclavian artery - axillary artery - brachial artery - ulnar artery

Question 55

The arteries that anastomose and form the two arterial arches in the palm are the _____ and _____ arteries.

A)axillary; subclavian
B)radial; ulnar
C)radial; brachial
D)ulnar; brachial
E)axillary; brachial

Question 56

Which vein receives blood from the pancreatic veins,short gastric veins,and the right gastroepiploic vein?

A)Splenic vein
B)Inferior mesenteric vein
C)Posterior mesenteric vein
D)Hepatic veins
E)Hepatic portal vein

Question 57

The artery that divides and forms the anterior and posterior tibial arteries is the _____ artery.

A)femoral
B)popliteal
C)medial plantar
D)deep femoral
E)axillary

Question 58

The vein that drains immediately into the femoral vein is the ______ vein.

A)small saphenous
B)common iliac
C)posterior tibial
D)anterior tibial
E)great saphenous

Question 59

The inferior mesenteric artery supplies blood to the

A)transverse colon.
B)transverse colon and descending colon.
C)sigmoid colon.
D)sigmoid colon and ascending colon.
E)transverse colon,descending colon,sigmoid colon,and rectum.

Question 60

Digital arteries extend from the
A: Superficial palmar arch
B: Deep palmar arch
C: Plantar arch

A)a
B)b,c
C)c
D)a,b
E)a,b,c

Question 61

In the figure showing an anterior view of the veins,number 4 indicates the

A) common iliac vein.
B) cephalic vein.
C) renal vein.
D) brachiocephalic vein.
E) internal jugular vein.

Question 62

The umbilical arteries carry _______ blood.

A)deoxygenated
B)oxygenated
C)no

Question 63

After birth,the umbilical vein becomes the

A)fossa ovalis.
B)ligamentum arteriosum.
C)ligamentum teres.
D)ligamentum venosum.
E)medial umbilical ligaments.

Question 64

The fetal shortcut from the right atrium to the left atrium is the

A)ductus arteriosus.
B)ductus venosus.
C)umbilical vein.
D)umbilical artery.
E)foramen ovale.

Question 65

By the second month of development,within the umbilical cord there are _____ umbilical vein(s)and _____ umbilical artery(ies).

A)one; one
B)two; two
C)one; two
D)two; one
E)two; three

Question 66

In the figure showing the veins of the lower extremity,which number indicates the great saphenous vein?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4
E)5

Question 67

During blood vessel development,the ________ veins form the hemiazygos and azygos system of veins.

A)subcardinal
B)supracardinal
C)anterior cardinal
D)umbilical
E)vitelline

Question 68

Of the three artery types,the elastic arteries have the better ability to vasoconstrict and vasodilate.

Question 69

In the figure showing the veins of the lower extremity,what veins are indicated by number 5?

A)Great saphenous veins
B)Small saphenous veins
C) Fibular veins
D)Anterior tibial veins
E)Popliteal veins

Question 70

Which fetal circulatory structure shunts blood from the pulmonary trunk to the aorta?

A)Foramen ovale
B)Ductus venosus
C)Ductus arteriosus
D)Umbilical vein
E)Umbilical artery

Question 71

The reason much of the blood in the fetal right atrium is shunted to the left atrium through the foramen ovale is

A)the blood pressure in the right atrium is greater than in the left atrium.
B)there is a valve that directs the blood that way.
C)the fetus is in an antigravity situation provided by the amnionic fluid.
D)the blood pressure in the left atrium is greater than in the right atrium.
E)the umbilical arteries have valves.

Question 72

The elastic (or conducting arteries)conduct blood from the heart to the smaller muscular arteries.

Question 73

In the figure showing an anterior view of the arteries,which number indicates the internal carotid artery?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4
E)5

Question 74

The __________ vein of fetal circulation forms the hepatic portal system and the liver sinusoids,as well as a portion of the inferior vena cava.

A)right vitelline
B)left vitelline
C)anterior cardinal
D)subcardinal

Question 75

Very large blood vessels require their own blood supply,and this is provided by a network of small arteries called the vasa vasorum.

Question 76

In the figure showing an anterior view of the veins,which number indicates the cephalic vein?

A)1
B)2
C) 4
D) 6
E) 8

Question 77

Rather than having abundant elastic fibers in all the tunics,the muscular arteries have elastic confined to two circumscribed rings,the internal and external elastic laminae.

Question 78

During blood vessel development,the brachiocephalic trunk is formed from the

A)common dorsal aorta.
B)aortic sac.
C)umbilical arteries.
D)umbilical vein.
E)fifth aortic arch vessel.

Question 79

The foramen ovale closes at birth due to

A)higher pressure in the left atrium,which causes interatrial septum flaps to close.
B)rapid myocardial tissue growth stimulated by pregnancy hormones.
C)a rise in fetal oxygen levels,which triggers growth of the epithelial lining.
D)an increase in endothelial mucous production,which forms a plug.
E)migration of connective tissue from the right atrioventricular valve.

Question 80

In the figure showing an anterior view of the arteries,what does the number 4 indicate?

A)External carotid artery
B)Left internal carotid artery
C)Left common carotid artery
D)Celiac trunk
E)Superior mesenteric artery