Deck 18: Autonomic Nervous System

Question 1

The two divisions of the autonomic nervous system,sympathetic and parasympathetic,

A)use preganglionic and postganglionic neurons to innervate skeletal muscle.
B)contain autonomic ganglia to house ganglionic neurons.
C)are voluntary.
D)are composed of PNS structures only.
E)function only during sleep.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The preganglionic axons of CN VII extend to the

A)pterygopalatine ganglion.
B)submandibular ganglion.
C)otic ganglion.
D)pterygopalatine and submandibular ganglia.
E)pterygopalatine,submandibular,and otic ganglia.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The sympathetic division of the ANS has

A)long postganglionic axons.
B)norepinephrine as a transmitter substance.
C)short preganglionic axons.
D)preganglionic neuron cell bodies in the T1-L2 regions of the spinal cord.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Answer 3

E

Question 4

The parasympathetic preganglionic axons of CN VII exit from the

A)mesencephalon.
B)cerebral cortex.
C)pons.
D)lateral horns of the S1 spinal cord segment.
E)lateral horns of the T1 spinal cord segment.

Question 5

The CN having multiple terminal and intramural ganglia is

A)CN III.
B)CN VII.
C)CN IX.
D)CN X.
E)CN XII.

Question 6

The sympathetic trunks are located

A)superior to the brachial plexus.
B)inferior to the sacral plexus.
C)immediately lateral to the vertebral column.
D)lateral to prevertebral ganglia.
E)in the craniosacral regions.

Question 7

Which cranial nerves are associated with the parasympathetic division of the ANS?
A: III
B: IV
C: V
D: VII
E: IX
F: X
G: XII

A)a,d,e,f
B)b,c,d,e
C)a,c,d,g
D)c,d,f,g
E)b,e,f,g

Question 8

Which is not an effector innervated by the autonomic nervous system?

A)Cardiac muscle
B)Smooth muscle
C)Glands
D)Skeletal muscle
E)No exceptions; all are effectors of the autonomic nervous system

Question 9

Postganglionic sympathetic axons are carried from the sympathetic trunk to the spinal nerve by the

A)white rami communicantes.
B)superior cervical ganglion.
C)gray rami communicantes.
D)splanchnic nerves.
E)pterygopalatine ganglion.

Question 10

The first of the two ANS motor neurons is the ______ neuron.

A)preganglionic
B)postganglionic
C)terminal
D)neuronal
E)posterior

Question 11

The preganglionic sympathetic neuron cell bodies are housed in the

A)anterior columns of the spinal cord.
B)posterior columns of the spinal cord.
C)sympathetic trunk.
D)lateral horns of the T1-L2 segments of the spinal cord.
E)paravertebral ganglia.

Question 12

Which is not true about the somatic nervous system (SNS)?

A)The SNS is under voluntary control.
B)The SNS uses motor and sensory neurons.
C)The SNS innervates skeletal muscle fibers.
D)The SNS is part of both the CNS and the PNS.
E)The SNS is activated by visceral sensory neurons.

Question 13

Which statements are correct concerning the sympathetic division of the ANS?
A: Preganglionic neuron cell bodies are located in the lateral horns of the T1-L2 regions.
B: Preganglionic neuron cell bodies are located in brainstem nuclei.
C: It is associated with the oculomotor and facial nerves.
D: It participates in the "fight-or-flight" response.
E: Preganglionic neuron cell bodies are located in the sacral region of the spinal cord.

A)a,d
B)a,c,d,e
C)b,c,e
D)b,d
E)a,b,d

Question 14

The CN that supplies parasympathetic innervation to the thoracic organs is

A)CN II.
B)CN III.
C)CN VI.
D)CN IX.
E)CN X.

Question 15

Which statements are correct concerning the parasympathetic division of the ANS?
A: Preganglionic neuron cell bodies are located in brainstem nuclei.
B: Preganglionic neuron cell bodies are located in the lateral horns of the T1-L2 regions.
C: It participates in the "fight-or-flight" response.
D: It maintains homeostasis.
E: Preganglionic neuron cell bodies are located in the sacral region of the spinal cord.

A)a,d,e
B)a,c,e
C)b,c,d
D)b,c
E)c,d,e

Question 16

The preganglionic axons of CN III extend to the _______ ganglion.

A)pterygopalatine
B)submandibular
C)otic
D)pelvic
E)ciliary

Question 17

The parasympathetic postganglionic axons of the sacral spinal nerves innervate the
A: Large intestine
B: Reproductive organs
C: Salivary glands
D: Pupillary constrictor muscles
E: Urinary bladder
F: Ureters

A)a,d,e
B)b,c,e
C)a,b,e,f
D)c,d,f
E)a,c

Question 18

The glossopharyngeal nerve innervates the

A)parotid salivary gland.
B)large intestine.
C)lacrimal gland.
D)sublingual salivary gland.
E)ciliary muscle.

Question 19

Which is not true about the autonomic nervous system (ANS)?

A)The ANS is part of both the CNS and the PNS.
B)ANS functions are involuntary.
C)The ANS does not use sensory neurons.
D)ANS motor neurons innervate cardiac muscle fibers,smooth muscle fibers,and glands.
E)ANS motor pathways always include two neurons.

Question 20

Which is not characteristic of the parasympathetic division of the ANS?

A)Long postganglionic axons
B)Long preganglionic axons
C)No rami communicantes
D)Terminal ganglia close to the target organ
E)Craniosacral preganglionic neuron cell bodies

Question 21

Which autonomic plexus consists of postganglionic sympathetic axons that come off the cervical and thoracic sympathetic trunk ganglia,as well as preganglionic axons from the vagus nerve?

A)Esophageal plexus
B)Pulmonary plexus
C)Abdominal aortic plexus
D)Hypogastric plexus
E)Cardiac plexus

Question 22

The superior mesenteric ganglion receives preganglionic sympathetic neurons from the _______ segments of the spinal cord.

A)T1-T4
B)T2-T6
C)T5-T9
D)T7-T9
E)T10-T12

Question 23

Once inside the sympathetic trunk,the sympathetic preganglionic axons may/will

A)remain at the level of entry.
B)travel superiorly.
C)travel inferiorly.
D)follow any of the routes listed.

Question 24

Postganglionic axons are

A)myelinated.
B)unmyelinated.
C)sometimes myelinated and sometimes unmyelinated.

Question 25

The postganglionic axons from the superior mesenteric ganglion innervate

A)the distal half of the duodenum.
B)part of the pancreas.
C)part of the small intestine.
D)the proximal part of the large intestine.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 26

Which sympathetic pathway involves only a preganglionic axon going to the effector organ?

A)Splanchnic nerve pathway
B)Adrenal medulla pathway
C)Postganglionic sympathetic nerve pathway
D)Spinal nerve pathway
E)None of these answers involve only a sympathetic preganglionic axon.

Question 27

Gray rami from the sympathetic trunk connect to

A)alternating spinal nerves.
B)the cranial nerves.
C)every fourth spinal nerve.
D)all spinal nerves.
E)None of the choices is correct; the gray rami carry impulses to the sympathetic trunk.

Question 28

The arrector pili muscles receive their sympathetic innervation via the

A)splanchnic nerve pathway.
B)adrenal medulla pathway.
C)postganglionic sympathetic nerve pathway.
D)spinal nerve pathway.
E)None of the choices is correct.

Question 29

Which autonomic plexus innervates viscera within the pelvic region?

A)Esophageal plexus
B)Pulmonary plexus
C)Abdominal aortic plexus
D)Hypogastric plexus
E)Cardiac plexus

Question 30

The sympathetic division outflow that results in innervation of the pelvic organs has its spinal cord segment origin at

A)T1-T2.
B)T1-L2.
C)T1-T4.
D)T5-T12.
E)T10-L2.

Question 31

The sympathetic postganglionic axons from the superior cervical ganglion innervate
A: Sweat glands in the head
B: Sweat glands in the palms
C: Smooth muscle of blood vessels in the head
D: Smooth muscles of blood vessels in the antebrachial region
E: Superior tarsal muscle of the eye
F: Submandibular salivary gland

A)a,c,e
B)b,d,f
C)a,c,f
D)d,e,f
E)b,d

Question 32

Prevertebral ganglia are located

A)posterior to the vertebral column.
B)lateral to the vertebral column.
C)anterior to the vertebral column.
D)at the termination site of the postganglionic axon.
E)medial to the dorsal spinal columns.

Question 33

There are ________ prevertebral ganglia.

A)2
B)3
C)4
D)5
E)12

Question 34

Which sympathetic pathway is responsible for activating the esophagus,heart,lungs,and thoracic blood vessels?

A)Splanchnic nerve pathway
B)Adrenal medulla pathway
C)Postganglionic sympathetic nerve pathway
D)Spinal nerve pathway
E)None of the choices is correct.

Question 35

Splanchnic nerves are composed of

A)preganglionic sympathetic axons that synapse in a sympathetic trunk ganglion.
B)preganglionic sympathetic axons that did not synapse in a sympathetic trunk ganglion.
C)postganglionic sympathetic axons that synapse in a sympathetic trunk ganglion.
D)postganglionic sympathetic axons that did not synapse in a sympathetic trunk ganglion.
E)None of the choices is correct.

Question 36

The prevertebral ganglion that receives axons that originate in the L1-L2 segments of the spinal cord is the _____ ganglion.

A)celiac
B)superior mesenteric
C)inferior mesenteric
D)splenic
E)hepatic

Question 37

Postganglionic axons from the celiac ganglion innervate the

A)stomach.
B)spleen.
C)liver.
D)gallbladder.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 38

The cardiac sphincter is innervated by parasympathetic axons coming from the _______ plexus.

A)esophageal
B)abdominal aortic
C)pulmonary
D)hypogastric
E)cardiac

Question 39

Which sympathetic pathway involves a preganglionic neuron that synapses with a ganglionic neuron in a sympathetic trunk ganglion,but the postganglionic axon does not leave the trunk via a gray ramus?

A)Splanchnic nerve pathway
B)Adrenal medulla pathway
C)Postganglionic sympathetic nerve pathway
D)Spinal nerve pathway
E)None of the choices is correct.

Question 40

Specific prevertebral ganglia are named after the

A)effector organ stimulated by the postganglionic axon.
B)major abdominal arteries around which they are found.
C)vertebra from under which the preganglionic axon travels.
D)distance from the corresponding parasympathetic ganglion.
E)early anatomist who discovered and described them.

Question 41

The autonomic nervous system may receive input from visceral sensory neurons.

Question 42

The number of ganglia that may be associated with motor neurons of the somatic nervous system is

A)1.
B)2.
C)3.
D)4.
E)0.

Question 43

The somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system are part of both the peripheral nervous system and the central nervous system.

Question 44

Which may be involved in an autonomic reflex?

A)Cardiac muscle contraction
B)Smooth muscle contraction
C)Secretion by glands
D)All of the choices are correct.
E) None of the choices is correct.

Question 45

Which type of innervation causes reduced blood flow to the digestive tract?

A)Parasympathetic
B)Sympathetic

Question 46

Neuronal divergence occurs when axons from one preganglionic cell synapse on numerous ganglionic cells.

Question 47

Which type of innervation causes the heart rate to increase?

A)Parasympathetic
B)Sympathetic

Question 48

The developing heart and lungs begin to receive autonomic innervation in the _______ week of development.

A)4th
B)5th
C)6th
D)10th
E)16th

Question 49

The parasympathetic autonomic responses associated with defecation and urination are processed and controlled at the level of the

A)brainstem.
B)hypothalamus.
C)spinal cord.
D)cerebellum.
E)limbic center.

Question 50

The ANS uses pathways that include two-neuron chains to innervate its effector organs.

Question 51

During its embryological development,the autonomic nervous system forms from

A)neural tube cells.
B)neural crest cells.
C)both neural tube cells and neural crest cells.

Question 52

Which type of innervation causes pupil dilation?

A)Parasympathetic
B)Sympathetic

Question 53

The centers for cardiac,digestive,and vasomotor functions are housed within the

A)brainstem.
B)hypothalamus.
C)spinal cord.
D)cerebral cortex.
E)cerebellum.

Question 54

Both the autonomic and somatic nervous systems may have sensory input from general somatic senses.

Question 55

This diagram below illustrates an example of a(n)

A)spinal nerve pathway.
B)sympathetic nerve pathway.
C)adrenal medulla pathway.
D)splanchnic nerve pathway.

Question 56

Which of the diagrams illustrates a parasympathetic ANS pathway?

A)1
B)2

Question 57

In the brain,the ________ is the integration and command center for autonomic functions.

A)medulla
B)cerebral cortex
C)spinal cord
D)brainstem
E)hypothalamus

Question 58

The sympathetic trunk begins to form during week

A)4.
B)5.
C)6.
D)8.
E)10.

Question 59

The somatic nervous system is capable of both the excitation and inhibition of effectors.

Question 60

Which number indicates a postganglionic axon?

A)3
B)4
C)5
D)6
E)7

Question 61

Sweating is a result of sympathetic stimulation.

Question 62

Paravertebral and prevertebral ganglia are part of the parasympathetic branch of the ANS.

Question 63

White rami communicantes carry preganglionic sympathetic axons from the T1-L2 spinal nerves to the sympathetic trunk.

Question 64

Parasympathetic postganglionic axons from the otic ganglion cause an increase in secretion from the parotid salivary glands.

Question 65

The parasympathetic innervation from the pelvic splanchnic nerves is responsible for erection of the female clitoris and the male penis.

Question 66

Both types of axons of the sympathetic branch of the ANS use norepinephrine as the neurotransmitter.

Question 67

Micturition is partly the result of autonomic stimulation of the urinary bladder.

Question 68

The postganglionic axons of the sympathetic branch of the ANS are considered short.

Question 69

The sympathetic division of the ANS is also called the thoracosacral division.

Question 70

With respect to divergence of axons in the sympathetic division of the ANS,one axon innervates fewer than four ganglionic cell bodies.

Question 71

Postganglionic axons of the parasympathetic branch of the ANS cause increased secretion by the lacrimal glands.

Question 72

Parasympathetic stimulation of the ciliary muscles allows one to see close-up objects.

Question 73

The ANS functions independently of any influence from the CNS.

Question 74

The lack of extensive divergence of parasympathetic preganglionic axons prevents the mass activation seen in the sympathetic division.

Question 75

Parasympathetic activity is responsible for increased smooth muscle motility and secretory activity in digestive tract organs.

Question 76

Neuronal __________ occurs when axons from numerous preganglionic cells synapse on a single ganglionic cell.

Question 77

Terminal and intramural ganglia are associated with the parasympathetic branch of the ANS.

Question 78

The parasympathetic division of the ANS is also called the craniosacral division.

Question 79

The superior mesenteric ganglion of the sympathetic branch of the ANS is adjacent to the origin of the superior mesenteric artery.

Question 80

The second neuron in an autonomic pathway is called a _________ neuron.