Deck 4: Tissue Level of Organization

Question 1

Groups of similar cells and extracellular products that carry out a common function are called

A)organs.
B)organ systems.
C)matrices.
D)tissues.
E)None of the choices is correct.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The tissue type that covers surfaces and lines the inside of organs and body cavities is

A)muscle.
B)connective.
C)epithelial.
D)nervous.
E)None of the choices is correct.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The walls of kidney tubules are formed by _____________ epithelium,which functions in resorbing materials filtered from blood plasma such as nutrients,ions,and water.

A)simple cuboidal
B)simple squamous
C)stratified cuboidal
D)stratified squamous
E)stratified columnar

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of the following is not secreted by glands?

A)Mucin
B)Hormones
C)DNA
D)Enzymes
E)Waste products

Question 5

Nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium is found lining each of these locations except the

A)oral cavity.
B)pharynx.
C)vagina.
D)esophagus.
E)small intestine.

Question 6

Microscopic folds that extend from the apical surface of certain epithelia to increase the surface area for absorption and secretion are called

A)cilia.
B)microvilli.
C)flagella.
D)mucous ridges.
E)desmosomes.

Question 7

Cells within an epithelium are held together by special connections called junctions.Which junction provides a direct passageway for small molecules to pass from one cell to another?

A)Adhering junctions
B)Desmosomes
C)Gap junctions
D)Tight junctions
E)Glial junctions

Question 8

The type of epithelium that lines the urinary bladder and may include some binucleated cells is called ____________ epithelium.

A)stratified squamous nonkeratinized
B)stratified squamous keratinized
C)pseudostratified
D)transitional
E)simple squamous

Question 9

Endocrine glands

A)possess short ducts and secrete their products directly onto the skin surface.
B)lack ducts and secrete their products onto the skin surface.
C)possess ducts to secrete their products into the bloodstream or into interstitial fluid.
D)lack ducts and secrete their products into the bloodstream or into interstitial fluid.
E)secrete mucus directly into a body cavity.

Question 10

The study of tissues is called

A)histology.
B)anatomy.
C)zoology.
D)cytology.
E)epidemiology.

Question 11

Which primary tissue type would be located in blood,body fat,ligaments and tendons,dermis of the skin,and in the cartilage of some joints?

A)Epithelial tissue
B)Connective tissue
C)Nervous tissue
D)Muscle tissue
E)None of the choices is correct.

Question 12

Which is avascular (lacks blood vessels)?

A)Epithelial tissue
B)Muscle tissue
C)Nervous tissue
D)Connective tissue
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 13

Which is not one of the four primary tissue types?

A)Muscle
B)Endocrine
C)Nervous
D)Connective
E)Epithelial

Question 14

What specialized feature of an epithelium consists of a reticular lamina and a basal lamina?

A)Microfilament
B)Desmosome
C)Fenestrated membrane
D)Basement membrane
E)Plasma membrane

Question 15

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium would be found lining

A)portions of the respiratory system.
B)the larger blood vessels.
C)the oviduct.
D)large kidney tubules.
E)ducts of sweat glands.

Question 16

The type of exocrine gland in which the entire cell disintegrates,liberating any accumulated products,is the

A)apocrine.
B)merocrine.
C)goblet cell.
D)holocrine.
E)None of the choices is correct.

Question 17

Which feature is not characteristic of epithelial tissue?

A)Polarity
B)Cells connected to each other by intercellular junctions
C)High regeneration capacity
D)Attachment to a basement membrane
E)Large amount of extracellular matrix

Question 18

What type of epithelium would be most suited for high levels of diffusion and filtration?

A)Simple squamous
B)Stratified squamous
C)Pseudostratified
D)Transitional
E)Stratified columnar

Question 19

If you gently rub your thumb and forefinger together,each finger is caressing

A)simple squamous epithelium.
B)keratinized simple squamous epithelium.
C)keratinized stratified squamous epithelium.
D)nonkeratinized simple squamous epithelium.
E)nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium.

Question 20

A _____________ epithelium consists of a single layer of flattened cells attached directly to a basement membrane.

A)simple columnar
B)simple squamous
C)simple cuboidal
D)stratified squamous
E)stratified cuboidal

Question 21

Which cell type,found in connective tissue proper and close to blood vessels,secretes heparin and histamine?

A)Plasma cell
B)Adipocyte
C)Mast cell
D)Fibroblast
E)Mesenchymal cell

Question 22

Which type of connective tissue is found in the deep portion of the dermis,where it lends strength to the skin?

A)Adipose
B)Dense regular
C)Dense irregular
D)Cartilage
E)Areolar

Question 23

Which cell type,found in connective tissue proper,is formed from monocytes and serves to phagocytize damaged cells or pathogens?

A)Free macrophage
B)Plasma cell
C)Mast cell
D)Mesenchymal cell
E)Adipocytes

Question 24

The most common type of cartilage,which is also the weakest,is

A)fibrocartilage.
B)hyaline cartilage.
C)elastic cartilage.
D)reticular cartilage.
E)areolar cartilage.

Question 25

The type of cartilage that forms embryonic models for most of our bones is

A)reticular cartilage.
B)fibrocartilage.
C)hyaline cartilage.
D)elastic cartilage.
E)areolar cartilage.

Question 26

Which of the primary tissue types is most widely distributed throughout the body?

A)Connective
B)Muscle
C)Nervous
D)Epithelium

Question 27

An exocrine gland has two parts,

A)a duct and a basement membrane.
B)a basement membrane and a goblet cell.
C)a brush border and a glandular portion.
D)an acinus and a brush border.
E)a duct and a secretory portion.

Question 28

Every living cell in the body requires oxygen,various ions,and nutrients.However,the solid nature of bone prevents these materials from reaching bone cells by diffusion alone.Which statement best describes how bone cells receive these necessary items?

A)Blood capillaries penetrate into the calcified matrix of bone.
B)Bone cells are only found on the periphery of bone and thus are in direct contact with blood vessels.
C)Bone cells are only found lining the central canal where they are in direct contact with blood vessels.
D)Bone cells connect to each other and ultimately with blood vessels (in the central canal)through passageways called canaliculi.
E)Bone cells receive materials through lymph vessels that penetrate bone matrix.

Question 29

The first type of connective tissue to form in the embryo and the source of all other adult connective tissues is

A)mesenchyme.
B)mucous.
C)adipose.
D)areolar.
E)umbilical.

Question 30

All connective tissues have three features in common.They are

A)cells,protein fibers,and mucus.
B)cells,hormones,and protein fibers.
C)protein fibers,a liquid portion,and ground substance.
D)cells,a liquid portion,and protein fibers.
E)cells,protein fibers,and ground substance.

Question 31

Which connective tissue protein fibers form a meshlike framework that provides structural support for many organs?

A)Collagen fibers
B)Reticular fibers
C)Elastic fibers
D)Mucoid fibers
E)Cartilaginous fibers

Question 32

The majority of connective tissues contain

A)large numbers of cells and very little extracellular matrix.
B)a large amount of extracellular matrix and a few scattered cells.
C)an even distribution of cells and extracellular matrix.
D)a dense collection of protein fibers with no extracellular matrix.
E)a large number of cells with a small amount of liquid matrix.

Question 33

Endocrine glands secrete

A)sweat.
B)hormones.
C)saliva.
D)digestive enzymes.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 34

Connective tissue is formed by which embryonic germ layer?

A)Endoderm
B)Ectoderm
C)Mucoderm
D)Mesoderm
E)Epiderm

Question 35

The least specialized connective tissue and one that contains all of the various cell types is

A)adipose.
B)reticular.
C)dense irregular.
D)dense regular.
E)areolar.

Question 36

Connective tissue proper is divided into two broad categories: loose connective tissue and dense connective tissue.This classification is based upon the

A)location of the tissue.
B)size of the cells present.
C)relative proportions of cells,fibers,and ground substance present.
D)number of different cells types and their respective arrangement.
E)origin of the tissue type.

Question 37

Which feature is found in both cartilage and bone?

A)Chondrocyte
B)Osteocyte
C)Perichondrium
D)Central canal
E)Lacuna

Question 38

In connective tissue,the extracellular matrix consists of

A)cells and ground substance.
B)protein fibers and ground substance.
C)cells and protein fibers.
D)ground substance and intracellular fluid.
E)ground substance only.

Question 39

The internal feature of bone that makes it simultaneously strong and lightweight is the

A)presence of cartilage.
B)latticework structure of spongy bone.
C)pattern of osteons.
D)areolar connective tissue in the central cavity.
E)arrangement of collagenous fibers.

Question 40

Which of these is not a connective tissue?

A)Adipose tissue
B)Bone
C)Blood
D)Ligaments
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 41

Plasma consists of

A)dissolved protein fibers and a watery ground substance.
B)dissolved ground matrix and a lining of epithelial cells.
C)dissolved blood cells and a liquefied ground substance.
D)platelets,red blood cells,and white blood cells.
E)platelets and a watery ground substance.

Question 42

With age,epithelial tissues

A)become more flexible.
B)become thinner.
C)lose their blood supply.
D)lose their pliability and resiliency.
E)increase in mass.

Question 43

Shrinkage of tissue by a decrease in either cell number or cell size is termed

A)hypertrophy.
B)neoplasia.
C)atrophy.
D)metaplasia.
E)fibrosis.

Question 44

The heart is confined within a double-walled serous membrane sac.The part of the membrane that is in contact with the heart is the _____ layer.

A)serous
B)visceral
C)parietal
D)synovial
E)mesothelial

Question 45

With age,connective tissues

A)become more flexible.
B)become thinner.
C)lose their blood supply.
D)lose their pliability and resiliency.
E)increase in mass.

Question 46

The type of muscle that has elongated,multinucleated cells and is under voluntary control is __________ muscle.

A)skeletal
B)cardiac
C)smooth

Question 47

Which of the following is not a body membrane?

A)Serous
B)Cutaneous
C)Mucous
D)Cartilaginous
E)Synovial

Question 48

What unit of bone consists of a central canal (containing blood vessels,nerves,and lymph vessels)surrounded by concentric rings of calcified matrix?

A)Canaliculus
B)Lamella
C)Osteon
D)Osteocyte
E)Trabeculum

Question 49

What type of muscle contains intercalated discs?

A)Skeletal
B)Cardiac
C)Smooth

Question 50

The largest of the body membranes,commonly called the skin,is the _______ membrane.

A)serous
B)cutaneous
C)mucous
D)cartilaginous
E)synovial

Question 51

Dendrites

A)transmit signals away from the cell body.
B)transmit signals toward the cell body.
C)manufacture proteins to be used by the neuron.
D)use hormones to transmit information.
E)None of the choices is correct.

Question 52

When hyperplasia proceeds out of control,a tumor may develop.This condition is termed

A)hypertrophy.
B)neoplasia.
C)atrophy.
D)metaplasia.
E)fibrosis.

Question 53

The general name given to the phenomenon that occurs when a mature epithelium changes to a different form is

A)mesothelia.
B)hyperplasia.
C)hypertrophy.
D)metaplasia.
E)neoplasia.

Question 54

Axons

A)transmit signals away from the cell body.
B)transmit signals toward the cell body.
C)manufacture proteins to be used by the neuron.
D)use hormones to transmit information.
E)None of the choices is correct.

Question 55

The type of muscle that is found in blood vessel walls is __________ muscle.

A)skeletal
B)cardiac
C)smooth

Question 56

The type of membrane that prevents desiccation,provides lubrication,and traps bacteria and foreign particles is

A)serous.
B)cutaneous.
C)mucous.
D)cartilaginous.
E)synovial.

Question 57

The two types of cells that make up the nervous system are

A)macrophages and mast cells.
B)neurons and chondrocytes.
C)mast cells and fibrocytes.
D)neurons and mast cells.
E)neurons and glial cells.

Question 58

With age,bones

A)become more flexible.
B)become brittle.
C)lose their blood supply.
D)increase their pliability.
E)increase in mass.

Question 59

Some bone interiors contain hemopoietic tissue,which functions in

A)storing fat.
B)producing hormones.
C)making connective tissue fibers.
D)producing blood cells.
E)breaking down toxins.

Question 60

Where in the body would you find a glial cell?

A)In the stomach
B)In the cardiovascular system
C)In the immune system
D)In the nervous system
E)In the skeletal system

Question 61

Suppose that you had a congenital condition that prevented your body from forming holocrine glands.If that were the case,which statement would be most accurate?

A)Your skin would become excessively dry for lack of oil from sebaceous glands.
B)You would be unable to digest your food.
C)Your bones would be like rubber.
D)Your nerves could not transmit signals.
E)You would have difficulty breathing.

Question 62

What is the most abundant protein in the body?

A)Myosin
B)Elastin
C)Actin
D)Fibrogen
E)Collagen

Question 63

The lining of the air sacs in the lungs (alveoli)is comprised of what type of epithelium?

A)Simple squamous
B)Simple columnar
C)Simple cuboidal
D)Stratified squamous
E)Transitional

Question 64

The ground substance found in bone tissue comes in the form of a _____ material.

A)viscous
B)semisolid
C)solid

Question 65

In what tissue would you expect to find very little if any extracellular matrix?

A)Muscle tissue
B)Nervous tissue
C)Immune tissue
D)Epithelial tissue
E)Connective tissue

Question 66

If a person were unable to form saliva,what type of gland could be missing or malfunctioning?

A)Merocrine
B)Holocrine
C)Apocrine

Question 67

Suppose you had a congenital disease that prevented collagen from forming in your body.Which of the tissues would you expect to be most affected?

A)Epithelial tissue
B)Muscle tissue
C)Nervous tissue
D)Connective tissue
E)All choices would be equally affected.

Question 68

When mucin mixes with water it becomes

A)fatty tissue.
B)solid.
C)mucus.
D)bone.
E)muscle.

Question 69

What type of tissue would you expect to line the trachea and other respiratory tubes?

A)Muscle tissue
B)Nervous tissue
C)Immune tissue
D)Epithelial tissue
E)Connective tissue

Question 70

Which connective tissue cells become activated and produce antibodies when exposed to foreign materials?

A)Mast cells
B)Fibroblasts
C)Plasma cells
D)Mesenchymal cells
E)Fixed macrophages

Question 71

You would most likely find goblet cells in what type of tissue?

A)Cartilage
B)Nervous tissue
C)Muscle tissue
D)Bone
E)Epithelial tissue

Question 72

Subcutaneous fat (the fatty layer just beneath the skin)is also known as

A)mesenchyme.
B)adipose tissue.
C)reticular tissue.
D)fibrous tissue.
E)the lamina propria.

Question 73

Which of the following is not a function of epithelial tissue?

A)Secretion
B)Physical protection
C)Selective permeability
D)Sensation
E)No exceptions; these are all functions of epithelial tissue.

Question 74

What makes up the oil on the surface of the skin?

A)Waste material from cellular metabolism
B)Waste material (bilirubin)from dead red blood cells
C)Ruptured cells from sebaceous glands
D)Extracellular fluid not drained by the lymphatic system
E)Plasma leakage from damaged blood vessels

Question 75

Mucous connective tissue is found only in

A)the cartilage of the nose.
B)certain bones of the skull.
C)the umbilical cord.
D)serous fluid.
E)fibers of the respiratory system.

Question 76

The function of a tight junction within epithelial tissue is to

A)assure that material has to pass through rather than between epithelial cells.
B)assure that material is captured by phagocytes before entering a cell.
C)assure that material is channeled between cells rather than into them.
D)prevent the dissolution of a cell's plasma membrane.
E)channel substances away from an epithelium rather than toward it.

Question 77

What type of epithelial junction contains connexons?

A)Desmosome
B)Tight junction
C)Gap junction
D)Adhering junction
E)Flat junction

Question 78

What type of epithelium has the appearance of a group of pillars lined up next to each other?

A)Simple squamous
B)Simple columnar
C)Simple cuboidal
D)Stratified squamous
E)Transitional

Question 79

Epithelial tissues have an attached (basal)border and a free (apical)border.This arrangement is known as

A)bilateral symmetry.
B)distal orientation.
C)polarity.
D)proximal orientation.
E)lateral flexibility.

Question 80

Which type of epithelial tissue would be the least protective?

A)Stratified keratinized
B)Stratified nonkeratinized
C)Simple columnar
D)Transitional
E)Simple squamous