Deck 41: Reproduction in Animals

Question 1

If the number of chromosomes in an animal's gametes is 20, then how many chromosomes would a somatic cell from that animal contain?

A)10
B)20
C)40
D)80

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which sequence presents the cells in oogenesis in the correct order?

A)primary oocyte, secondary oocyte, oogonium
B)primary oocyte, oogonium, secondary oocyte
C)oogonium, secondary oocyte, primary oocyte
D)oogonium, primary oocyte, secondary oocyte

Answer 2

D

Question 3

In humans, how does spermatogenesis differ from oogenesis?

A)Spermatogenesis involves meiosis, while oogenesis involves mitosis.
B)Spermatogenesis produces fewer numbers of gametes.
C)Spermatogenesis begins at birth, while oogenesis begins at puberty.
D)Spermatogenesis continues throughout life, while oogenesis ends at menopause.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which of the following do NOT lay eggs?

A)monotremes
B)marsupials
C)reptiles
D)birds

Question 5

Which mechanism involves the separation of the parent into two or more offspring of approximately the same size?

A)fertilization
B)budding
C)fragmentation
D)fission

Question 6

In some species of sharks, babies hatch from shells within their mother's body. What is this behaviour an example of?

A)oviparity
B)viviparity
C)ovoviviparity
D)budding

Question 7

Which statement describes the fast block to polyspermy?

A)It is more pronounced in invertebrates than in vertebrates.
B)It occurs within hours after fertilization.
C)It is mediated by Ca²⁺ ions.
D)It does not involve a wave of electrical depolarization that spreads over the egg surface.

Question 8

Which of the following is an advantage of sexual reproduction?

A)Individual organisms do not have to seek mates.
B)It promotes genetic diversity.
C)In stable environments, the offspring are as well adapted as the parents.
D)It is less energetically costly than asexual reproduction.

Question 9

Suppose that humans can reproduce by parthenogenesis. Which of the following would be most likely to characterize this situation?

A)Males would need to produce more sperm.
B)There would be no need for mitosis.
C)The children would be identical to their parents.
D)The number of females in the population would most likely increase.

Question 10

Which of the following processes is one of sexual reproduction?

A)fission
B)fertilization
C)budding
D)fragmentation

Question 11

Which statement best describes the gametes of most animals?

A)A sperm is large and motile; an egg is small and nonmotile.
B)A sperm is small and motile; an egg is large and nonmotile.
C)A sperm is large and nonmotile; an egg is small and motile.
D)A sperm is small and nonmotile; an egg is large and motile.

Question 12

Which term refers to the presence of both male and female reproductive tissue in the same individual?

A)vivipary
B)ovovivipary
C)ovipary
D)hermaphroditism

Question 13

Which of the following is an advantage that internal fertilization has over external fertilization?

A)protection of gametes from drying
B)protection of gametes from relatives
C)production of more offspring
D)production of more eggs

Question 14

Sperm pass through several stages during their development. What is the earliest stage in which the cell becomes haploid?

A)sperm
B)secondary spermatocyte
C)spermatogonium
D)spermatid

Question 15

When is meiosis II completed in a human female?

A)before birth
B)when an egg is ovulated each month
C)only if the egg is fertilized
D)at the time of birth

Question 16

What is provided by the mitochondria that are present in the sperm?

A)energy for the movement of the flagellum
B)energy for the acrosome to penetrate the egg
C)nutrients for the developing embryo
D)nutrients for the sperm

Question 17

How many mature sperm does one secondary spermatocyte ultimately produce?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4

Question 18

During mating in frogs, the male clasps the female tightly around the body with his forelimbs. What is the appropriate term for this type of behaviour?

A)marriage
B)copulation
C)amplexus
D)fertilization

Question 19

In which animals is external fertilization most common?

A)in animals living on mountains
B)in animals living in oceans
C)in animals living in forests
D)in animals living on prairies

Question 20

What cause(s) the synchronization of mass spawning events in many invertebrates?

A)the Sun
B)the climate
C)cryptochromes
D)the stars

Question 21

Which of the following serves as a temporary endocrine gland in females, and what does it secrete?

A)the corpus luteum; estrogen and progesterone
B)the uterus; luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone
C)the endometrium; estrogen and follicle-stimulating hormone
D)the ovaries; estrogen and luteinizing hormone

Question 22

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In the figure, what structure is indicated by number 4?

A)menstruation
B)ovulation
C)fertilization
D)implantation

Question 23

In mammalian females, which of the following is a structure essential for reproduction?

A)the urethra
B)the anus
C)the uterus
D)the stomach

Question 24

Lennart Nilsson/SCANPIX
In the figure, what structure is indicated by number 1?

A)the vitelline coat
B)the acrosome
C)a mature follicle
D)the zona pellucida

Question 25

Which of the following refers to the discharge that results from menstrual flow?

A)the follicle
B)the lining of the endometrium
C)the blood from vessels on the outer side of the uterus
D)the corpus luteum

Question 26

On which day of a 28-day ovarian cycle does ovulation typically occur?

A)on Day 1
B)on Day 7
C)on Day 14
D)on Day 28

Question 27

In the figure, which number refers to the site of fertilization?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4

Question 28

How many times could a human female ovulate in her lifetime?

A)about 40
B)about 400
C)about 4000
D)about 40 000

Question 29

In the figure, which number refers to the urinary bladder?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4

Question 30

Which term is another name for the birth canal?

A)oviduct
B)vulva
C)uterus
D)vagina

Question 31

In the figure, which number refers to the cervix?

A)3
B)4
C)5
D)7

Question 32

Which phrase describes the starting point for the ovarian cycle?

A)a secondary oocyte arrested in meiosis II
B)a secondary oocyte arrested in meiosis I
C)a primary oocyte arrested in meiosis I
D)a primary oocyte arrested in meiosis II

Question 33

Which of the following is one function of the developing follicle?

A)to secrete gonadotropin-releasing hormone
B)to stimulate ovulation
C)to secrete progesterone
D)to secrete estrogens

Question 34

In the figure, which number refers to the structure that is covered with cilia?

A)1
B)3
C)4
D)5

Question 35

In the figure, which number refers to the site of implantation?

A)5
B)4
C)3
D)1

Question 36

In the figure, which number refers to the structure that is responsible for producing hormones?

A)2
B)3
C)4
D)5

Question 37

What is the function of gonads in humans?

A)to nourish the embryo
B)to produce enzymes
C)to nourish the mother
D)to produce gametes

Question 38

In the figure, which numbers refer to the structures included in the vulva?

A)5 and 6 only
B)6 and 7 only
C)7 and 8 only
D)5 and 8 only

Question 39

When is the endometrium thickest in the female reproductive cycle?

A)in the secretory phase
B)shortly before ovulation
C)during ovulation
D)during the proliferative phase

Question 40

In a human female, which of the following would be inhibited by an inhibition of LH?

A)maturation of follicles
B)secretion of estrogen
C)secretion of FSH
D)secretion of GnRH

Question 41

Lennart Nilsson/SCANPIX
In the figure, what structure is indicated by number 2?

A)the third polar body
B)the first polar body
C)the no body
D)the Barr body

Question 42

Lennart Nilsson/SCANPIX
In the figure, which structures can still undergo meiosis at the time of fertilization?

A)1 and 2
B)1 and 3
C)2 and 3
D)2 and 5

Question 43

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In the figure, what structure is indicated by the number 1?

A)the penis
B)the lumen of the seminiferous tubule
C)the matrix of the seminiferous tubule
D)the epididymis

Question 44

Which of the following phases are included in the ovarian cycle?

A)the follicular and proliferative phases
B)the proliferative and secretory phases
C)the follicular and luteal phases
D)the luteal and secretory phases

Question 45

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In the figure, what number indicates a cell that is the secondary spermatocyte?

A)6
B)5
C)4
D)3

Question 46

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In the figure, which number refers to a structure whose secretions cause the uterine endometrial tissue to thicken in preparation for pregnancy?

A)1
B)3
C)5
D)6

Question 47

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In the figure, what does the grey area that surrounds cells 3, 4, 5, and 6 indicate?

A)the Sertoli cell
B)the Leydig cell
C)the spermatogonium
D)the primordial germ cell

Question 48

In many mammalian species, including bats and most nonhuman primates, there is a bone in the penis, which helps maintain it in an erect state. What is it called?

A)the baculum
B)the pendulum
C)the colostrum
D)the gametogonium

Question 49

Where are sperm produced?

A)in the seminiferous tubules
B)in the prostate gland
C)in the penis
D)in the epididymis

Question 50

Which of the following is contained in the semen?

A)a substance that raises the pH in the female reproductive tract
B)a substance that triggers contraction of muscles in the female reproductive tract
C)a fast-acting enzyme that breaks down the semen clot
D)a slow-acting clotting enzyme

Question 51

What cycle does a female dog undergo, and what does the cycle lack?

A)an estrous cycle, which lacks ovulation
B)an estrous cycle, which lacks menstruation
C)a menstrual cycle, which lacks ovulation
D)a menstrual cycle, which lacks implantation

Question 52

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In the figure, which number indicates a cell that is the primary spermatocyte?

A)2
B)4
C)5
D)6

Question 53

What needs to happen for menstruation to begin?

A)Estrogen levels must rise.
B)FSH and LH levels must rise.
C)Progesterone levels must rise.
D)Progesterone levels must fall.

Question 54

Lennart Nilsson/SCANPIX
In the figure, what structure is indicated by number 3?

A)the secondary oocyte
B)the primary oocyte
C)the ootid
D)the oogonium

Question 55

Lennart Nilsson/SCANPIX
In the figure, what structure is indicated by number 6?

A)a primordial follicle
B)a mature follicle
C)a mature germ cell
D)a primordial germ cell

Question 56

Which structure in males is shared by both the urinary and reproductive systems?

A)the prostate gland
B)the ureter
C)the urethra
D)the urinary bladder

Question 57

Where are sperm stored after they are produced?

A)in the vas deferens
B)in the epididymis
C)in the seminiferous tubules
D)in the penis

Question 58

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In the figure, which number indicates a cell that is the spermatid?

A)2
B)3
C)5
D)6

Question 59

Which of the following is an accessory gland in males?

A)the vestibular gland
B)the bulbourethal gland
C)the pineal gland
D)the pituitary gland

Question 60

Which of the following is required for the secretion of testosterone?

A)Sertoli cells
B)FSH
C)Leydig cells
D)GnRH

Question 61

The cnidarian Hydra reproduces asexually by fragmentation.

Question 62

Which hormone, when present in a human female's urine, indicates a pregnancy?

A)estrogen
B)luteinizing hormone
C)human chorionic gonadotropin
D)progesterone

Question 63

The thin flap of tissue that partially covers the opening of the vagina is called the hymen.

Question 64

After fertilization, the sperm that enters the egg releases nitric oxide, which stimulates the release of stored calcium ions in the egg.

Question 65

Menstruation begins immediately after the follicular phase.

Question 66

Which of the following methods is the most effective as birth control?

A)a vasectomy
B)an oral contraceptive
C)a condom
D)abstinence

Question 67

In human males, the conversion of a spermatogonium into a sperm takes about 9 to 10 weeks.

Question 68

The egg is fertilized at the secondary oocyte stage.

Question 69

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In the figure, which number indicates a cell that is a result of meiosis II?

A)5
B)4
C)3
D)2

Question 70

The female sexual response has a refractory period.

Question 71

After ovulation, the remaining follicle cells develop into the corpus luteum.

Question 72

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In the figure, which numbers indicate cells that are diploid?

A)2 and 3
B)3 and 4
C)4 and 5
D)5 and 6

Question 73

What do enzymes in the mammalian acrosome do?

A)digest the zona pellucida
B)inhibit premature ejaculation
C)digest the endometrium
D)stimulate ovulation

Question 74

Progesterone is produced in the pituitary and acts directly on the uterus.

Question 75

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In the figure, what number indicates a cell that is the spermatogonium?

A)6
B)4
C)3
D)2

Question 76

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In a human male, how many total chromatids are present in the cell that is numbered 4 in the figure?

A)2
B)23
C)46
D)92

Question 77

The slow block to polyspermy occurs when polar bodies discharge their contents, thereby altering the egg coats.

Question 78

All mammals except the metatherians are viviparous.

Question 79

The uterine cycle is also called the ovarian cycle.

Question 80

Vasectomy is female sterilization.