Deck 40: Transport in Animals: the Circulatory System

Question 1

What percentage of the total blood volume is made up of plasma?

A)about 75%
B)about 50%
C)about 25%
D)about 10%

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which of the following is similar between erythrocytes and lymphocytes?

A)They are both components of the plasma.
B)They both have roles in immune response.
C)They are both produced from stem cells.
D)They both carry hemoglobin.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

What percentage of plasma is water?

A)about 92%
B)about 77%
C)about 55%
D)about 10%

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which statement describes an open circulatory system?

A)It allows blood to be contained in blood vessels.
B)It contains two circulatory systems.
C)It is more efficient than a closed system.
D)It allows hemolymph and interstitial fluids to be mixed together.

Question 5

Which component of plasma constitutes antibodies?

A)dissolved gas
B)albumin
C)fibrinogen
D)immunoglobulin

Question 6

Which vessel carries oxygenated blood?

A)the pulmonary vein
B)the inferior vena cava
C)the pulmonary artery
D)the superior vena cava

Question 7

Which two ions are the most abundant in plasma?

A)HCO₃^- and Cl^-
B)Na⁺ and K⁺
C)HCO₃^- and Ca²⁺
D)Na⁺ and Cl^-

Question 8

What is the function of valves in the heart?

A)to prevent backflow of blood
B)to prevent clot formation
C)to form blood cells
D)to push blood ahead

Question 9

Which type of leukocytes are the most prevalent in a normal individual?

A)eosinophils
B)neutrophils
C)basophils
D)lymphocytes

Question 10

Where is an atrioventricular valve located?

A)where blood enters the aorta
B)between the right atrium and the right ventricle
C)between both atria and ventricles
D)between the left atrium and the left ventricle

Question 11

Which of the following is characteristic of sponges and hydras?

A)lack of an actual circulatory system
B)lack of a reproductive system
C)lack of a digestive system
D)lack of a muscle system

Question 12

Which set of terms refers to structures that all contain valves?

A)arteries, veins, heart
B)lymph capillaries, arteries, heart
C)lymph capillaries, veins, heart
D)arteries, capillaries, heart

Question 13

Which two components of blood are involved in the formation of clots?

A)albumin and fibrinogen
B)platelets and albumin
C)fibrinogen and erythrocytes
D)fibrinogen and platelets

Question 14

What is the function of erythrocytes?

A)to fight off infections
B)to carry oxygen
C)to secrete erythropoietin
D)to form clots

Question 15

What is the purpose of the pulmonary circuit in a closed circulatory system?

A)to collect and distribute blood only to the heart
B)to take blood to and from all parts of the body
C)to take blood to and from the lungs
D)to take blood to and from kidneys

Question 16

Which blood components are the smallest in size?

A)leukocytes
B)lymphocytes
C)erythrocytes
D)platelets

Question 17

What is measured by the machine that Augustus Waller invented?

A)blood pressure when the ventricles are contracting
B)cardiac output
C)electrical activity of the heart
D)blood pressure when the ventricles are relaxed

Question 18

Where is erythropoietin produced?

A)in the liver
B)in the heart
C)in the lymph nodes
D)in the kidneys

Question 19

Where are blood cells produced in humans?

A)in the heart
B)in the lymph nodes
C)in the bone marrow
D)in the kidneys

Question 20

In Waller's experiment, he placed one of his dog's front paws and one of his back paws in pans. What did the pans contain?

A)pure water
B)carbon dioxide
C)salt solution
D)mercury

Question 21

What is the main force that moves blood throughout the system of blood vessels?

A)valve action
B)venous blood pressure
C)smooth muscle action
D)arterial blood pressure

Question 22

Which of the following would be the most likely reason for high resistance of capillaries to blood flow?

A)the diameter of capillaries being so small that the white blood cells must squeeze
B)the diameter of capillaries being so small that that the red blood cells must squeeze
C)the diameter of capillaries being so large that the red blood cells must fill it all up
D)the diameter of capillaries being so large that the white blood cells must fill it all up

Question 23

Which of the following would be too big to pass easily through capillary walls?

A)water
B)carbon dioxide
C)erythrocytes
D)glucose

Question 24

What help move lymph throughout the lymph vessels?

A)constriction of blood vessels
B)skeletal muscle and breathing movements
C)conscious actions
D)dilation of blood vessels

Question 25

The systolic blood pressure is the time when the blood pressure is the highest in the arteries.

Question 26

Which sequence places the components of the electrical activity of the heart in the proper order?

A)AV node, Purkinje fibres, SA node
B)Purkinje fibres, AV node, SA node
C)SA node, AV node, Purkinje fibres
D)AV node, SA node, Purkinje fibres

Question 27

Which set of terms refers to the control of cardiac output?

A)baroreceptors, brainstem, heart
B)heart, baroreceptors, brainstem
C)brainstem, heart, baroreceptors
D)brainstem, baroreceptors, heart

Question 28

How much fluid does the lymphatic system return to the bloodstream each day?

A)10 to 13 litres
B)6 to 7 litres
C)3 to 4 litres
D)1 to 2 litres

Question 29

When you are experiencing stress, the sympathetic nervous system decreases your blood pressure.

Question 30

Where are baroreceptors located?

A)in the brainstem
B)in the walls of blood vessels
C)in the adrenal glands
D)in the heart

Question 31

What happens to your blood pressure when you run?

A)Only your diastolic blood pressure elevates.
B)Both your diastolic and systolic blood pressures elevate.
C)Both your diastolic and systolic blood pressure stay the same.
D)Only your systolic blood pressure elevates.

Question 32

Cardiac output is defined as the pressure and amount of blood pumped by the ventricles.

Question 33

Where is the sinoatrial node located?

A)in the pulmonary artery
B)in the right atrium
C)in the left atrium
D)in the left ventricle

Question 34

In which blood vessels is pressure the greatest?

A)in the veins
B)in the capillaries
C)in the arteries
D)in the venules

Question 35

Which vessels allow an actual gas exchange?

A)the capillaries
B)the venules
C)the arterioles
D)the veins

Question 36

How many times per minute does the average human heart beat?

A)120
B)72
C)53
D)10

Question 37

Which chamber of the heart does the blood first enter when it returns from the pulmonary circuit?

A)the left ventricle
B)the right ventricle
C)the right atrium
D)the left atrium

Question 38

Which structures could be considered blood reservoirs?

A)veins
B)arterioles
C)capillaries
D)arteries

Question 39

Lymph capillaries are smaller in diameter than blood capillaries.

Question 40

The primary function of erythrocytes is to participate in immune reactions.

Question 41

Why are the albumins the most abundant proteins of the plasma?

Question 42

valve (two valves are labelled)

Question 43

left atrium

Question 44

For the systemic circulation in humans, place the blood vessels in the correct order that the blood encounters as it leaves the heart.
A. arteries
B. arterioles
C. capillaries
D. veins
E. venules
first vessel category ________
second vessel category ________
third vessel category ________
fourth vessel category ________
fifth vessel category ________

Question 45

septum

Question 46

Match each type of animal to the description of its circulatory system.
a.a heart that has two chambers and one circuit
b.a heart that has three chambers and two circuits
c.a heart that has three chambers (and a partially formed septum in the ventricle) and two circuits
d.a heart that has four chambers and two circuits
amphibians

Question 47

Why would an iron deficiency result in anemia?

Question 48

How do lymph nodes aid in a cancer diagnosis?

Question 49

What three factors regulate blood pressure?

Question 50

Why must an animal such as an amphibian remain moist?

Question 51

Match each type of animal to the description of its circulatory system.
a.a heart that has two chambers and one circuit
b.a heart that has three chambers and two circuits
c.a heart that has three chambers (and a partially formed septum in the ventricle) and two circuits
d.a heart that has four chambers and two circuits
fish

Question 52

Why do veins have less elastic components than arteries?

Question 53

Match each type of animal to the description of its circulatory system.
a.a heart that has two chambers and one circuit
b.a heart that has three chambers and two circuits
c.a heart that has three chambers (and a partially formed septum in the ventricle) and two circuits
d.a heart that has four chambers and two circuits
mammals

Question 54

Match each type of animal to the description of its circulatory system.
a.a heart that has two chambers and one circuit
b.a heart that has three chambers and two circuits
c.a heart that has three chambers (and a partially formed septum in the ventricle) and two circuits
d.a heart that has four chambers and two circuits
snakes

Question 55

Describe several reasons to explain why blood flows more slowly in capillaries than in arteries.

Question 56

Why is the movement of blood in veins sometimes described as "milking a vein"?

Question 57

left pulmonary veins

Question 58

What is meant by the term "blood-brain barrier"?

Question 59

right pulmonary veins

Question 60

Place the structures in the correct order that deoxygenated blood (blood lacking oxygen) will encounter after it enters the heart.
A. aorta
B. left atrium
C. left ventricle
D. lungs
E. pulmonary arteries
F. pulmonary veins
G. right atrium
H. right ventricle
first structure ___________
second structure ___________
third structure ___________
fourth structure ___________
fifth structure ___________
sixth structure ___________
seventh structure ___________
eighth structure ___________

Question 61

tonsils

Question 62

right ventricle

Question 63

lymph vessels

Question 64

left ventricle

Question 65

right lymphatic duct

Question 66

thymus

Question 67

superior vena cava

Question 68

lymph nodes

Question 69

spleen

Question 70

inferior vena cava

Question 71

thoracic duct

Question 72

aorta

Question 73

pulmonary arteries