Question 1

Which lineage of Echinoderms is made up of about 600 living species of sea lilies and feather stars?&#10;A)Asteroidea&#10;B)Crinoidea&#10;C)Holothuroidea&#10;D)Ophiuroidea

Accepted Answer

The lineage of Echinoderms consisting of sea lilies and feather stars is known as Crinoidea. This group is made up of around 600 species, which are notable for their delicate, branching arms and attachment to the seafloor via a stalk.

Question 2

Which subphylum includes the sea squirts?&#10;A)Cephalochordata&#10;B)Urochordata&#10;C)Petromyzontoidea&#10;D)Placodermi

Accepted Answer

Sea squirts belong to the subphylum Urochordata, which includes tunicates or sea squirts.

Question 3

Which term refers to a small muscular bulb in the sea star's foot that contracts and forces fluid into the tube foot?&#10;A)ossicle&#10;B)radial canal&#10;C)ring canal&#10;D)ampulla

Accepted Answer

The small muscular bulb in the sea star's foot that contracts and forces fluid into the tube foot is called an ampulla. The ossicle refers to the small calcium carbonate plates that make up the sea star's endoskeleton. The radial canal and ring canal are part of the sea star's water vascular system, but they do not specifically refer to the structure responsible for pumping fluid into the tube foot.

Question 4

Which lineage of Echinoderms is made up of about 1500 species of sea cucumbers, which are elongated along their oral-aboral axis?&#10;A)Crinoidea&#10;B)Holothuroidea&#10;C)Echinoidea&#10;D)Asteroidea

Accepted Answer

The lineage of Echinoderms that is made up of about 1500 species of sea cucumbers, which are elongated along their oral-aboral axis, is Holothuroidea.

Question 5

Which lineage of Echinoderms is made up of about 950 species of sea urchins and sand dollars, which have their ossicles fused into solid tests that restrict flexibility but provide excellent protection?

A)Holothuroidea
B)Crinoidea
C)Asteroidea
D)Echinoidea

Accepted Answer

The description matches the characteristics of the Ophiuroidea lineage, which includes brittle stars and basket stars with elongated, slender, snakelike arms and a central disk. The other lineages of Echinoderms, such as Echinoidea, Holothuroidea, and Crinoidea, have different body plans and features.

Question 6

Which phylum has a unique water vascular system that usually includes tube feet that can be used for movement?&#10;A)Echinodermata&#10;B)Hemichordata&#10;C)Chordata&#10;D)Cnidaria

Accepted Answer

The Echinodermata phylum includes animals such as sea stars, sea urchins, and sea cucumbers that have a unique water vascular system which helps them move and captures food. This system is made up of a network of fluid-filled canals and tube feet that operate through muscular contraction.

Question 7

What is the name of the mesoderm-derived, calcium-stiffened structures that comprise the internal skeleton of echinoderms?&#10;A)ampullae&#10;B)ossicles&#10;C)madreporites&#10;D)radial canals

Accepted Answer

The mesoderm-derived, calcium-stiffened structures that comprise the internal skeleton of echinoderms are called ossicles. Ampullae are bulb-like structures that control the movement of tube feet in echinoderms, madreporites are plates that regulate water flow and gas exchange in echinoderms, and radial canals are part of the water-vascular system in echinoderms that distribute water to the tube feet.

Question 8

Members of which phylum are called acorn worms?&#10;A)Hemichordata&#10;B)Echinodermata&#10;C)Arthropoda&#10;D)Cnidaria

Accepted Answer

Acorn worms are members of the phylum Hemichordata.

Question 9

Which phylum includes members that have, at some point during their development, a hollow dorsal nerve cord?&#10;A)Hemichordata&#10;B)Arthropoda&#10;C)Cnidaria&#10;D)Chordata

Accepted Answer

Members of the phylum Chordata all have, at some point during their development, a hollow dorsal nerve cord. This is a defining characteristic of the phylum, which includes both invertebrate (such as lancelets and tunicates) and vertebrate (such as fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals) groups.

Question 10

Which cells are unique to vertebrates?&#10;A)pharyngeal cells&#10;B)neural crest cells&#10;C)notochordal cells&#10;D)oral hood cells

Accepted Answer

Neural crest cells are unique to vertebrates and play a critical role in the development of many vertebrate structures, including the nervous system, head and facial features, and pigment cells. Pharyngeal cells are found in both vertebrates and invertebrates, notochordal cells are found in both vertebrates and some invertebrates, and oral hood cells are specific to certain invertebrates.

Question 11

What is the structure through which water enters the water vascular system of a sea star?&#10;A)ampulla&#10;B)radial canal&#10;C)madreporite&#10;D)ring canal

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The answer of What is the structure through which water...

Question 12

What forms the skeleton of invertebrate chordates?&#10;A)the pharynx&#10;B)the oral hood&#10;C)the notochord&#10;D)the neural crest

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Question 13

Which phylum includes members that have bilaterally symmetrical larvae but exhibit secondary radial symmetry as adults, usually organized around five rays, or &#34;arms&#34;?&#10;A)Chordata&#10;B)Arthropoda&#10;C)Echinodermata&#10;D)Cnidaria

Accepted Answer

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Question 14

Which of the following lineages contains all of the other lineages in the list?&#10;A)Tetrapoda&#10;B)Amniota&#10;C)Gnathostomata&#10;D)Vertebrata

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The answer of Which of the following lineages contains all...

Question 15

What part of the chordate digestive system is positioned just posterior to the mouth?&#10;A)the pharynx&#10;B)the notochord&#10;C)the cranium&#10;D)the oral hood

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Question 16

Which of the following morphological innovations is found in the ancestor that led to vertebrates?&#10;A)the notochord&#10;B)vertebrae&#10;C)bone&#10;D)neural crest cells

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Question 17

Which lineage of Echinoderms is made up of about 950 species of sea urchins and sand dollars, which have their ossicles fused into solid tests that restrict flexibility but provide excellent protection?

A)Holothuroidea
B)Crinoidea
C)Asteroidea
D)Echinoidea

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which lineage of Echinoderms is made up...

Question 18

Which of the following surrounds and protects the brain in all vertebrates?&#10;A)the oral hood&#10;B)the notochord&#10;C)the cranium&#10;D)the pharynx

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Question 19

Which lineage includes members called lancelets?&#10;A)Cephalochordata&#10;B)Placodermi&#10;C)Myxinoidea&#10;D)Urochordata

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which lineage includes members called lancelets?&#10;A)Cephalochordata&#10;B)Placodermi&#10;C)Myxinoidea&#10;D)Urochordata...

Question 20

Which lineage of Echinoderms is made up of about 950 species of sea urchins and sand dollars, which have their ossicles fused into solid tests that restrict flexibility but provide excellent protection?

A)Holothuroidea
B)Crinoidea
C)Asteroidea
D)Echinoidea

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which lineage of Echinoderms is made up...

Question 21

Which lineage do frogs and toads belong to?&#10;A)Anura&#10;B)Gymnophiona&#10;C)Aves&#10;D)Squamata

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Question 22

Which lineage includes the fleshy-finned fishes, with fins supported by muscles and an internal bony skeleton?&#10;A)Sarcopterygii&#10;B)Petromyzontoidea&#10;C)Myxinoidea&#10;D)Actinopterygii

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Question 23

Which of these structures is a covering for the gill chamber in ray-finned fishes?&#10;A)a spiral valve&#10;B)a lateral line system&#10;C)an operculum&#10;D)a swim bladder

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Question 24

Which lineage includes living members associated with adaptations such as squalene, spiral valve, electroreceptors, lateral line system, and claspers?&#10;A)Actinopterygii&#10;B)Petromyzontoidea&#10;C)Chondrichthyes&#10;D)Sarcopterygii

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The answer of Which lineage includes living members associated with...

Question 25

Which lineage has the largest number of Hox genes when all Hox gene clusters are taken into account?&#10;A)the vertebrates&#10;B)the cephalochordates&#10;C)the arthropods&#10;D)the cnidarians

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Question 26

Which lineage is now extinct, but appears in the fossil record from the Ordovician period through to the Devonian period?&#10;A)conodonts&#10;B)acanthodians&#10;C)ostracoderms&#10;D)placoderms

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The answer of Which lineage is now extinct, but appears...

Question 27

Which of the following distinguish gnathostomes from other chordate lineages?&#10;A)operculums&#10;B)jaws&#10;C)claspers&#10;D)bony scales

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Question 28

According to the fossil record, which of the following jawed fishes diversified in the Devonian and Carboniferous periods, but left no direct descendants?&#10;A)placoderms&#10;B)ostracoderms&#10;C)osteolepiforms&#10;D)conodonts

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Question 29

Which jawless fishes are considered to be the earliest vertebrates with bonelike structures?&#10;A)osteolepiforms&#10;B)ostracoderms&#10;C)conodonts&#10;D)acanthodians

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Question 30

Which lineage includes two species of coelacanths and six species of lungfish among its living members?&#10;A)Actinopterygii&#10;B)Myxinoidea&#10;C)Petromyzontoidea&#10;D)Sarcopterygii

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which lineage includes two species of coelacanths...

Question 31

Which lineage includes living members that are jawless vertebrates called hagfishes?&#10;A)Myxinoidea&#10;B)Urochordata&#10;C)Cephalochordata&#10;D)Petromyzontoidea

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The answer of Which lineage includes living members that are...

Question 32

Which lineage includes living members that are sharks, skates, and rays?&#10;A)Sarcopterygii&#10;B)Actinopterygii&#10;C)Petromyzontoidea&#10;D)Chondrichthyes

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which lineage includes living members that are...

Question 33

Which group includes the lineages Anura, Urodela, and Gymnophiona?&#10;A)Squamata&#10;B)Testudines&#10;C)Archosauromorpha&#10;D)Amphibia

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The answer of Which group includes the lineages Anura, Urodela,...

Question 34

What are the tympanum and stapes in tetrapods used for?&#10;A)smelling&#10;B)heat sensing&#10;C)tasting&#10;D)hearing

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The answer of What are the tympanum and stapes in...

Question 35

Which of the following represents an extinct lineage of jawed fishes that are also called spiny sharks?&#10;A)placoderms&#10;B)ostracoderms&#10;C)acanthodians&#10;D)conodonts

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Question 36

Which lineage includes living members that are the ray-finned fishes, with fins supported by thin and flexible bony rays?&#10;A)Actinopterygii&#10;B)Sarcopterygii&#10;C)Petromyzontoidea&#10;D)Chondrichthyes

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The answer of Which lineage includes living members that are...

Question 37

Which structure is derived from an ancestral air-breathing lung in ray-finned fishes and is used to increase buoyancy?&#10;A)spiral valve&#10;B)operculum&#10;C)atrium&#10;D)swim bladder

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The answer of Which structure is derived from an ancestral...

Question 38

Which lineage shared several derived traits-such as the shapes and positions of bones in their appendages-with early tetrapods, and apparently gave rise to the tetrapods?&#10;A)osteolepiforms&#10;B)acanthodians&#10;C)ostracoderms&#10;D)conodonts

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Question 39

Which lineage includes living members that are jawless vertebrates called lampreys, which are mostly parasitic as adults?&#10;A)Urochordata&#10;B)Cephalochordata&#10;C)Petromyzontoidea&#10;D)Placodermi

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Question 40

Which of the following was an early tetrapod that differed from fishes in part by having a neck, and for which nearly complete skeletal data are available from fossils?&#10;A)Anolis&#10;B)Dunkleosteus&#10;C)Archaeopteryx&#10;D)Ichthyostega

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The answer of Which of the following was an early...

Question 41

Along with lipids, what is the skin of amniotes filled with to help prevent water loss?&#10;A)bone&#10;B)keratin&#10;C)collagen&#10;D)albumin

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Question 42

Lizards and snakes are living representatives of which lineage?&#10;A)lepidosaurs&#10;B)anapsids&#10;C)archosaurs&#10;D)synapsids

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The answer of Lizards and snakes are living representatives of...

Question 43

&#10;In the diagram, what is the item labelled number 4?&#10;A)the amnion&#10;B)the albumin&#10;C)the allantois&#10;D)the chorion

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The answer of  &#10;In the diagram, what is the...

Question 44

&#10;In the diagram, what is the item labelled number 3?&#10;A)the albumin&#10;B)the yolk sac&#10;C)the amnion&#10;D)the chorion

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The answer of  &#10;In the diagram, what is the...

Question 45

Turtles are members of which lineage?&#10;A)Sphenodontia&#10;B)Squamata&#10;C)Testudines&#10;D)Archosauromorpha

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The answer of Turtles are members of which lineage?&#10;A)Sphenodontia&#10;B)Squamata&#10;C)Testudines&#10;D)Archosauromorpha...

Question 46

Which of the following is a typical source of nutrients and water for developing amniote embryos?&#10;A)collagen&#10;B)bone&#10;C)albumin&#10;D)squalene

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Question 47

In some amniotes, which of the following is a waste product of nitrogen metabolism that is low enough in toxicity that it can be excreted as a semisolid paste, thus reducing water loss?&#10;A)uric acid&#10;B)nitric oxide&#10;C)ammonium&#10;D)squalene

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The answer of In some amniotes, which of the following...

Question 48

&#10;In the diagram, what is the item labelled number 1?&#10;A)the albumin&#10;B)the chorion&#10;C)the allantois&#10;D)the amnion

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The answer of  &#10;In the diagram, what is the...

Question 49

Which lineage do legless caecilians belong to?&#10;A)Gymnophiona&#10;B)Squamata&#10;C)Anura&#10;D)Aves

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The answer of Which lineage do legless caecilians belong to?&#10;A)Gymnophiona&#10;B)Squamata&#10;C)Anura&#10;D)Aves...

Question 50

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of turtles?&#10;A)a carapace&#10;B)jaws&#10;C)teeth&#10;D)a plastron

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Question 51

Birds are living representatives of which lineage?&#10;A)lepidosaurs&#10;B)anapsids&#10;C)archosaurs&#10;D)synapsids

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Question 52

Mammals are thought to be living descendants of which lineage?&#10;A)lepidosaurs&#10;B)anapsids&#10;C)archosaurs&#10;D)synapsids

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The answer of Mammals are thought to be living descendants...

Question 53

&#10;In the diagram, what is the item labelled number 2?&#10;A)the yolk sac&#10;B)the amnion&#10;C)the albumin&#10;D)the allantois

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The answer of  &#10;In the diagram, what is the...

Question 54

Which lineage do salamanders belong to?&#10;A)Gymnophiona&#10;B)Aves&#10;C)Urodela&#10;D)Anura

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which lineage do salamanders belong to?&#10;A)Gymnophiona&#10;B)Aves&#10;C)Urodela&#10;D)Anura...

Question 55

&#10;In the diagram, what is the item labelled number 5?&#10;A)the allantois&#10;B)the chorion&#10;C)the yolk sac&#10;D)the amnion

Accepted Answer

The answer of  &#10;In the diagram, what is the...

Question 56

Which lineage includes the tuatara as one of its only two living members?&#10;A)Squamata&#10;B)Testudines&#10;C)Sphenodontia&#10;D)Amphibia

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The answer of Which lineage includes the tuatara as one...

Question 57

Based on our modern understanding of physiology, DNA sequences, and the fossil record, which animal are most closely related to crocodiles?&#10;A)birds&#10;B)fleshy-finned fishes&#10;C)lizards&#10;D)snakes

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The answer of Based on our modern understanding of physiology,...

Question 58

Which lineage includes lizards and snakes?&#10;A)Sphenodontia&#10;B)Squamata&#10;C)Testudines&#10;D)Archosauromorpha

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which lineage includes lizards and snakes?&#10;A)Sphenodontia&#10;B)Squamata&#10;C)Testudines&#10;D)Archosauromorpha...

Question 59

Turtles are thought to be living representatives of which lineage?&#10;A)anapsids&#10;B)archosaurs&#10;C)synapsids&#10;D)lepidosaurs

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The answer of Turtles are thought to be living representatives...

Question 60

Crocodiles are living representatives of which lineage?&#10;A)archosaurs&#10;B)lepidosaurs&#10;C)synapsids&#10;D)anapsids

Accepted Answer

The answer of Crocodiles are living representatives of which lineage?&#10;A)archosaurs&#10;B)lepidosaurs&#10;C)synapsids&#10;D)anapsids...

Question 61

Match each group of organisms with its lineage. Each lineage will be used only once.a.Petromyzontoidea&#10;b.Amphibia&#10;c.Crinoidea&#10;d.Metatheria&#10;e.Chondrichthyes&#10;f.Actinopterygii&#10;g.Urochordata&#10;h.Aves&#10;i.Myxinoidea&#10;j.Holothuroidea&#10;k.Cephalochordata&#10;l.Eutheria&#10;m.Ophiuroidea&#10;n.Testudines&#10;o.Squamata&#10;p.Asteroidea&#10;q.Prototheria&#10;r.Echinoidea&#10;s.Hemichordata&#10;gars, bowfins, sturgeons, and paddlefish

Accepted Answer

The answer of Match each group of organisms with its...

Question 62

Match each group of organisms with its lineage. Each lineage will be used only once.a.Petromyzontoidea&#10;b.Amphibia&#10;c.Crinoidea&#10;d.Metatheria&#10;e.Chondrichthyes&#10;f.Actinopterygii&#10;g.Urochordata&#10;h.Aves&#10;i.Myxinoidea&#10;j.Holothuroidea&#10;k.Cephalochordata&#10;l.Eutheria&#10;m.Ophiuroidea&#10;n.Testudines&#10;o.Squamata&#10;p.Asteroidea&#10;q.Prototheria&#10;r.Echinoidea&#10;s.Hemichordata&#10;hagfishes

Accepted Answer

The answer of Match each group of organisms with its...

Question 63

Match each group of organisms with its lineage. Each lineage will be used only once.a.Petromyzontoidea&#10;b.Amphibia&#10;c.Crinoidea&#10;d.Metatheria&#10;e.Chondrichthyes&#10;f.Actinopterygii&#10;g.Urochordata&#10;h.Aves&#10;i.Myxinoidea&#10;j.Holothuroidea&#10;k.Cephalochordata&#10;l.Eutheria&#10;m.Ophiuroidea&#10;n.Testudines&#10;o.Squamata&#10;p.Asteroidea&#10;q.Prototheria&#10;r.Echinoidea&#10;s.Hemichordata&#10;humans

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The answer of Match each group of organisms with its...

Question 64

Match each group of organisms with its lineage. Each lineage will be used only once.a.Petromyzontoidea&#10;b.Amphibia&#10;c.Crinoidea&#10;d.Metatheria&#10;e.Chondrichthyes&#10;f.Actinopterygii&#10;g.Urochordata&#10;h.Aves&#10;i.Myxinoidea&#10;j.Holothuroidea&#10;k.Cephalochordata&#10;l.Eutheria&#10;m.Ophiuroidea&#10;n.Testudines&#10;o.Squamata&#10;p.Asteroidea&#10;q.Prototheria&#10;r.Echinoidea&#10;s.Hemichordata&#10;duck-billed platypuses

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Deck 28: Diversity of Animals 2: Deuterostomes: Vertebrates and Their Closest Relatives