Deck 10: Mendel, Genes, and Inheritance

Question 1

Suppose that purple is dominant in pea plants. What will be the result of a cross between P generation purple and white plants?

A)all white flowers in the F1 generation
B)all purple flowers in the F1 generation
C)all purple flowers in the F1 generation, but a lighter purple than in the parents
D)mostly purple flowers in the F1 generation, with an occasional white flower

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Suppose your mother has albinism, which is a recessive trait. Suppose also that your father has cystic fibrosis, which is also caused by a recessive trait. And, you learn that your father-in-law has albinism and cystic fibrosis. What are the odds that your first child will have both albinism and cystic fibrosis?

A)1 in 2
B)1 in 4
C)1 in 8
D)1 in 16

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which of the following shows an F₁ monohybrid cross?

A)Rr ⋅ Rr
B)RRMM ⋅ rrmm
C)rr ⋅ RR
D)RrMM ⋅ Rrmm

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Suppose that your father is heterozygous for sickle cell disease. Suppose also that you know your mom has two "good" alleles. What is the probability that you will have the disorder and/or carry the "bad" allele and be able to pass it on to your children?

A)25% for you, and 25% for your children
B)0% for you, and a possibility of passing it on to your children
C)0% for you, and you do not need to worry about passing the "bad" allele on to your children
D)50% for you, and 50% for your children

Question 5

Mendel studied what he called characters and traits. What terms do we use today that have the same meaning?

A)alleles and genes
B)homozygous and heterozygous
C)diploid and haploid
D)genotype and phenotype

Question 6

Gregor Mendel was trained in many academic disciplines. Which two were the most important to the development of his genetic theories?

A)religion and mathematics
B)mathematics and botany
C)religion and botany
D)mathematics and zoology

Question 7

Suppose that R is the dominant allele for a round pea, and r is the recessive allele for a wrinkled pea. Suppose also that you cross plants having round peas with plants having wrinkled peas. Which of the following is the most likely result?

A)The offspring will be neither round nor wrinkled.
B)The offspring will be mostly wrinkled.
C)The offspring will all be wrinkled.
D)The offspring will all be round.

Question 8

Suppose that both of your parents have Huntington's disease, which is caused by a dominant allele, and are both heterozygous for the disease. What are the odds of you having the disorder?

A)100%
B)75%
C)50%
D)25%

Question 9

Suppose that your mother has albinism, which is a recessive trait. Also suppose your father has cystic fibrosis, which is also caused by a recessive trait. And you learn that your father-in-law has albinism and cystic fibrosis. What are the odds that your first child will have either albinism or cystic fibrosis, but NOT both?

A)3 in 8
B)1 in 4
C)1 in 8
D)1 in 16

Question 10

Which of the following is one of Mendel's three hypotheses for explaining his observations?

A)The pairs of alleles remain together in the formation of gametes so that each gamete gets both alleles.
B)Adult plants always have traits that are governed by a single pair of alleles, but the number of possible alleles varies with each trait.
C)Adult plants carry a trio of genes that will determine the inheritance of each allele.
D)If an adult plant has two different alleles, the alleles blend.

Question 11

According to the blending theory of inheritance that predominated before 1900, what colour of progeny would result from the mating of a white flower and a red flower?

A)white
B)pink
C)red
D)some white, others red

Question 12

Mendel selected seven traits in pea plants to study. Why were his results relatively easy to interpret, even though he was examining seven distinct traits?

A)All seven traits were easy to characterize.
B)The seven alleles segregated independently from each other.
C)Peas are easy to raise and have short life cycles.
D)He knew enough mathematics to apply rules of probability to his results.

Question 13

Suppose that your father is heterozygous for a recessive disorder. Also suppose that you know your mom has two "good" alleles. What is the probability that you will have the disorder?

A)75%
B)50%
C)25%
D)0%

Question 14

Suppose your mother has cystic fibrosis, which is caused by a recessive allele, but your father has a normal phenotype. However, all of your father's siblings have cystic fibrosis. What are the odds of you inheriting the disease?

A)0
B)1 in 2
C)3 in 4
D)1

Question 15

Suppose that your mother and father both have cystic fibrosis, which is caused by a recessive allele. What are the odds of you having cystic fibrosis?

A)1
B)3 in 4
C)1 in 2
D)1 in 4

Question 16

Suppose that your parents are both heterozygous for sickle cell disease. What is the probability that you will have the disorder?

A)25%, whether or not you have siblings
B)50%, whether or not you have siblings
C)75%, whether or not you have siblings
D)100%, whether or not you have siblings

Question 17

Suppose that your mother and father both have cystic fibrosis, which is caused by a recessive allele. What are the odds of you having only one allele for the disorder?

A)1
B)1 in 2
C)1 in 4
D)0

Question 18

Suppose that at least one of your parents has Huntington's disease, which is caused by a dominant allele. What are the odds of you inheriting the disorder?

A)100%
B)75%
C)50%
D)25%

Question 19

Why does sickle cell disease cause death?

A)The malformed blood cells assume a sickle shape.
B)The malformed red blood cells cannot transport oxygen.
C)The malformed red blood cells cannot enter capillaries and, in fact, block them.
D)The patient has two copies of the mutant gene.

Question 20

Suppose that your mother and father are both healthy but carry the allele for cystic fibrosis, which is caused by a recessive allele. What are the odds of you having at least one allele for the disorder?

A)1 in 4
B)1 in 2
C)3 in 4
D)1

Question 21

Mendel crossed true-breeding plants that had yellow peas with plants that had green peas. The resulting plants all had yellow peas. An F₁ cross resulted in three-quarters of the plants having yellow peas and one-quarter of the plants having green peas. What does this tell you about the alleles for colour?

A)Green was the dominant colour.
B)Yellow was the recessive colour.
C)Yellow was the dominant colour.
D)Yellow was usually the dominant colour, but sometimes green could be dominant.

Question 22

Suppose the probability of X occurring is 1 in 4, and the probability of Y occurring is 1 in 5. What is the probability of both occurring?

A)(1/4) + (1/5) = (5/20) + (4/20) = 9/20
B)(1/4)² + (1/5)² = (1/16) + (1/25) = (25/400) + (16/400) = 41/400
C)(1/4)(1/5) = 1/20
D)(1/4)²(1/5)² = (1/16)(1/25) = 1/400

Question 23

Who established the connection between genes, meiosis, and fertilization?

A)Erich von Tschermak
B)Walter Sutton
C)Hugo de Vries
D)Gregor Mendel

Question 24

Which of the following represents a testcross?

A)RrMm ⋅ RrMm
B)RRMM ⋅ rrmm
C)rrMM ⋅ RRmm
D)RrMm ⋅ rrmm

Question 25

Suppose that a pink snapdragon (C^RC^W) is crossed with a white snapdragon (C^WC^W). What percentage of the progeny will be red?

A)75%
B)50%
C)25%
D)0%

Question 26

Which of the following mathematical expressions represents the sum rule, which can be used to determine the probability of either event X or event Y occurring if they CANNOT occur simultaneously? (In the equations below, P_x means probability of event X; P_y means probability of event Y.)

A)= (P_x)² + (P_y)²
B)= P_x + P_y
C)= P_xP_y
D)= (P_x + P_y)²

Question 27

Why are dwarf pea plants shorter than other pea plants?

A)because they produce very little gibberellin hormone
B)because they have an altered gibberellin amino acid sequence
C)because the enzymes involved in gibberellin synthesis are missing
D)because they cannot make any gibberellin

Question 28

Snapdragons have incomplete dominance of the red and white alleles. What will be the phenotypes and ratios of the F₂ generation?

A)50% white, 50% red
B)25% white, 25% red, 50% pink
C)100% pink
D)100% red

Question 29

What is the key difference between incomplete dominance and codominance?

A)With incomplete dominance, the recessive allele cannot be detected; in codominance, the expression of the recessive allele is apparent.
B)With codominance, it is possible to detect the expression of a recessive allele; in incomplete dominance, both alleles contribute equally to the phenotype.
C)With incomplete dominance, it is possible to detect the expression of the dominant allele; in codominance, both alleles contribute equally to the phenotype.
D)With incomplete dominance, it is possible to detect the expression of a recessive allele; in codominance, both alleles contribute equally to the phenotype.

Question 30

Suppose that round is the dominant allele for a pea; the recessive allele produces a wrinkled pea. How can true-breeding pea plants having round peas be obtained with the least amount of work?

A)perform a testcross of the plants with wrinkled peas to determine which are true breeding
B)perform a testcross on the plants with round peas to determine which are true breeding
C)perform multiple crosses between plants with round peas until one emerges that seems true breeding
D)perform multiple crosses between plants with wrinkled peas until one emerges that seems true breeding

Question 31

Which of the following phenotypic ratios would be expected to result from a dihybrid cross?

A)9:3:1
B)9:3:3:1
C)9:3:4
D)3:1

Question 32

In snapdragons the red allele C^R is incompletely dominant over the white allele C^W. If you were to cross two pink snapdragons, what percentage of the progeny will be pink?

A)0%
B)25%
C)50%
D)100%

Question 33

Suppose that a parent has a genotype of RrYy. What is the probability of this parent producing a gamete with the RY genotype?

A)3 in 4
B)1 in 2
C)1 in 4
D)1 in 8

Question 34

Which of the following is a dihybrid cross?

A)RrMM ⋅ Rrmm
B)RRMM ⋅ rrmm
C)rrMM ⋅ RRmm
D)RrMm ⋅ RrMm

Question 35

Which of the following mathematical expressions represents the product rule, leading to the conclusion that both event X and event Y are occurring?

A)P = X²Y²
B)P = XY
C)P = X + Y
D)P = X² + Y²

Question 36

Suppose you have type O blood (genotype ii). To whom can you safely donate blood?

A)to people with type O only
B)to people with type A only
C)to people with types A, B, and O
D)to people with type B only

Question 37

Which sentence describes the principle of independent assortment?

A)Genes on the same chromosome are always inherited together.
B)Two alleles for a single trait are randomly sorted to individual gametes; chromosomes are not mentioned.
C)Alleles on different homologous chromosomes are not randomly sorted to individual gametes.
D)Genes on the same chromosome are not randomly sorted to different gametes.

Question 38

Mendel performed a testcross with his plants and all the resulting progeny had the same colour. What information did this testcross provide?

A)The parent with the dominant trait is heterozygous.
B)The parent with the dominant trait is homozygous.
C)The parent with the recessive trait is heterozygous.
D)The parent with the recessive trait is homozygous.

Question 39

Suppose that your father has B blood and your mother has O blood. You learn that your blood is also type O. What does this tell you?

A)You were adopted and your parents did not tell you.
B)You inherited one parent's blood type but not the other parent's blood type.
C)Your father's genotype is I^BI^B and your mother's genotype is ii.
D)Your father's genotype is I^Bi and your mother's genotype is ii.

Question 40

Suppose that mother has albinism, which is a recessive trait. Suppose also that your father has cystic fibrosis, which is also caused by a recessive trait. And you learn that your father-in-law has albinism and cystic fibrosis. What is the probability that your first child will NOT have either albinism or cystic fibrosis?

A)1 in 16
B)1 in 8
C)3 in 8
D)2 in 5

Question 41

Which of the following is a result of an incomplete dominance?

A)orange carnations
B)white carnations
C)pink carnations
D)red carnations

Question 42

A dihybrid testcross should always result in at least 50% of the progeny being recessive for both traits.

Question 43

Polygenic inheritance is proof of parental traits blending in the next generation according to the blending theory of inheritance.

Question 44

Mendel knew about and understood incomplete dominance.

Question 45

Suppose that an F₁ dihybrid cross results in a phenotypic ratio of 9:3:4. What does this tell you?

A)The second locus is dominant over the first locus.
B)Dominance is incomplete at the second locus.
C)Epistasis is occurring.
D)Codominance is at the second locus.

Question 46

Suppose you have type A blood (genotype I^Ai). To whom can you safely donate blood?

A)to people with type A only
B)to people with type AB only
C)to people with type O only
D)to people with types A and AB

Question 47

Which of the following conditions is subject to epistasis?

A)cystic fibrosis
B)insulin resistance
C)sickle cell disease
D)albinism

Question 48

Define epistasis and give an example.

Question 49

There is no limit to the number of alleles that exist for a gene.

Question 50

Skin colour in humans is caused by polygenic inheritance. Which one of the following statements is implied by this form of inheritance?

A)The skin colour of children will always be identical to one parent or the other.
B)The skin colour of children will always be intermediate to that of their parents.
C)The skin colour of children will most often be identical to that of one of their parents, but sometimes not.
D)The skin colour of children will most often be intermediate to that of their parents, but sometimes not.

Question 51

An F₁ organism is always homozygous.

Question 52

Suppose the pigmentation of a Labrador retriever's fur is subject to epistasis of the B alleles by the e alleles. B (black) is dominant over b (chocolate brown). E is dominant over

A)BBEe
B)BBee
C)BbEe
D)bbEE
E) Homozygous e is epistatic to the black and chocolate genes. Given this information, what genotype would give a yellow (or "golden") retriever?

Question 53

Suppose that pigmentation of a Labrador retriever's fur is subject to epistasis of the B alleles by the e alleles. B (black) is dominant over b (chocolate brown). E is dominant over

A)9/16 black, 6/16 brown, 1/16 yellow
B)9/16 yellow, 3/16 brown, 4/16 black
C)9/16 yellow, 6/16 brown, 1/16 black
D)9/16 black, 3/16 brown, 4/16 yellow
E) Homozygous e is epistatic to the black and chocolate-brown genes. Given this information, what will result from a F₁ dihybrid cross between two dogs?

Question 54

Suppose that a patient presents the following symptoms: anemia, dilation of heart, lung damage and pneumonia, rheumatism, abdominal pain, and kidney failure. After learning about the patient's family history, which disorder did the doctor run a genetic test for?

A)cystic fibrosis
B)albinism
C)sickle cell disease
D)achondroplasia

Question 55

Human blood types follow which of the following inheritance patterns?

A)dominance and codominance
B)dominance and incomplete dominance
C)codominance
D)incomplete dominance

Question 56

The environment can impact the phenotype encoded by polygenic inheritance.

Question 57

Cross-pollination occurs within a single plant while self-pollination occurs between two plants.

Question 58

Which of the following traits is subject to polygenic inheritance?

A)flower colour in snapdragons
B)height in humans
C)eye colour in humans
D)pea texture in pea plants

Question 59

Dwarf pea plants have deficient levels of the hormone gibberellin.

Question 60

A testcross always uses a homozygous recessive organism as one parent.

Question 61

Match each term with its correct definition.
a.displayed traits are unchanged over multiple generations
b.first generation of offspring from a parental cross
c.true-breeding organisms used in the initial cross
d.result of a cross between two first-generation organisms
e.allele that is expressed no matter what other allele is present
f.allele that is expressed only if two identical copies are present
g.any organism with two identical copies of an allele
h.any organism with two different forms of an allele
i.F₁ heterozygote (for a single trait)
j.genetic makeup of an organism
k.physical traits of an organism
l.likelihood of something occurring if the occurrence is a matter of chance
m.organism that is heterozygous for two different traits
n.where an allele is found on a chromosome
o.when one allele cannot completely mask the effects of another allele
p.alleles at one locus mask the expression of alleles at a different locus
q.several different genes contribute to a particular phenotype
r.single allele has multiple phenotypic effects
dominant

Question 62

Match each term with its correct definition.
a.displayed traits are unchanged over multiple generations
b.first generation of offspring from a parental cross
c.true-breeding organisms used in the initial cross
d.result of a cross between two first-generation organisms
e.allele that is expressed no matter what other allele is present
f.allele that is expressed only if two identical copies are present
g.any organism with two identical copies of an allele
h.any organism with two different forms of an allele
i.F₁ heterozygote (for a single trait)
j.genetic makeup of an organism
k.physical traits of an organism
l.likelihood of something occurring if the occurrence is a matter of chance
m.organism that is heterozygous for two different traits
n.where an allele is found on a chromosome
o.when one allele cannot completely mask the effects of another allele
p.alleles at one locus mask the expression of alleles at a different locus
q.several different genes contribute to a particular phenotype
r.single allele has multiple phenotypic effects
recessive

Question 63

Match each term with its correct definition.
a.displayed traits are unchanged over multiple generations
b.first generation of offspring from a parental cross
c.true-breeding organisms used in the initial cross
d.result of a cross between two first-generation organisms
e.allele that is expressed no matter what other allele is present
f.allele that is expressed only if two identical copies are present
g.any organism with two identical copies of an allele
h.any organism with two different forms of an allele
i.F₁ heterozygote (for a single trait)
j.genetic makeup of an organism
k.physical traits of an organism
l.likelihood of something occurring if the occurrence is a matter of chance
m.organism that is heterozygous for two different traits
n.where an allele is found on a chromosome
o.when one allele cannot completely mask the effects of another allele
p.alleles at one locus mask the expression of alleles at a different locus
q.several different genes contribute to a particular phenotype
r.single allele has multiple phenotypic effects
phenotype

Question 64

Match each term with its correct definition.
a.displayed traits are unchanged over multiple generations
b.first generation of offspring from a parental cross
c.true-breeding organisms used in the initial cross
d.result of a cross between two first-generation organisms
e.allele that is expressed no matter what other allele is present
f.allele that is expressed only if two identical copies are present
g.any organism with two identical copies of an allele
h.any organism with two different forms of an allele
i.F₁ heterozygote (for a single trait)
j.genetic makeup of an organism
k.physical traits of an organism
l.likelihood of something occurring if the occurrence is a matter of chance
m.organism that is heterozygous for two different traits
n.where an allele is found on a chromosome
o.when one allele cannot completely mask the effects of another allele
p.alleles at one locus mask the expression of alleles at a different locus
q.several different genes contribute to a particular phenotype
r.single allele has multiple phenotypic effects
heterozygous

Question 65

Match each term with its correct definition.
a.displayed traits are unchanged over multiple generations
b.first generation of offspring from a parental cross
c.true-breeding organisms used in the initial cross
d.result of a cross between two first-generation organisms
e.allele that is expressed no matter what other allele is present
f.allele that is expressed only if two identical copies are present
g.any organism with two identical copies of an allele
h.any organism with two different forms of an allele
i.F₁ heterozygote (for a single trait)
j.genetic makeup of an organism
k.physical traits of an organism
l.likelihood of something occurring if the occurrence is a matter of chance
m.organism that is heterozygous for two different traits
n.where an allele is found on a chromosome
o.when one allele cannot completely mask the effects of another allele
p.alleles at one locus mask the expression of alleles at a different locus
q.several different genes contribute to a particular phenotype
r.single allele has multiple phenotypic effects
true breeding

Question 66

Match each term with its correct definition.
a.displayed traits are unchanged over multiple generations
b.first generation of offspring from a parental cross
c.true-breeding organisms used in the initial cross
d.result of a cross between two first-generation organisms
e.allele that is expressed no matter what other allele is present
f.allele that is expressed only if two identical copies are present
g.any organism with two identical copies of an allele
h.any organism with two different forms of an allele
i.F₁ heterozygote (for a single trait)
j.genetic makeup of an organism
k.physical traits of an organism
l.likelihood of something occurring if the occurrence is a matter of chance
m.organism that is heterozygous for two different traits
n.where an allele is found on a chromosome
o.when one allele cannot completely mask the effects of another allele
p.alleles at one locus mask the expression of alleles at a different locus
q.several different genes contribute to a particular phenotype
r.single allele has multiple phenotypic effects
homozygous

Question 67

Match each term with its correct definition.
a.displayed traits are unchanged over multiple generations
b.first generation of offspring from a parental cross
c.true-breeding organisms used in the initial cross
d.result of a cross between two first-generation organisms
e.allele that is expressed no matter what other allele is present
f.allele that is expressed only if two identical copies are present
g.any organism with two identical copies of an allele
h.any organism with two different forms of an allele
i.F₁ heterozygote (for a single trait)
j.genetic makeup of an organism
k.physical traits of an organism
l.likelihood of something occurring if the occurrence is a matter of chance
m.organism that is heterozygous for two different traits
n.where an allele is found on a chromosome
o.when one allele cannot completely mask the effects of another allele
p.alleles at one locus mask the expression of alleles at a different locus
q.several different genes contribute to a particular phenotype
r.single allele has multiple phenotypic effects
epistasis

Question 68

Match each term with its correct definition.
a.displayed traits are unchanged over multiple generations
b.first generation of offspring from a parental cross
c.true-breeding organisms used in the initial cross
d.result of a cross between two first-generation organisms
e.allele that is expressed no matter what other allele is present
f.allele that is expressed only if two identical copies are present
g.any organism with two identical copies of an allele
h.any organism with two different forms of an allele
i.F₁ heterozygote (for a single trait)
j.genetic makeup of an organism
k.physical traits of an organism
l.likelihood of something occurring if the occurrence is a matter of chance
m.organism that is heterozygous for two different traits
n.where an allele is found on a chromosome
o.when one allele cannot completely mask the effects of another allele
p.alleles at one locus mask the expression of alleles at a different locus
q.several different genes contribute to a particular phenotype
r.single allele has multiple phenotypic effects
monohybrid

Question 69

Match each term with its correct definition.
a.displayed traits are unchanged over multiple generations
b.first generation of offspring from a parental cross
c.true-breeding organisms used in the initial cross
d.result of a cross between two first-generation organisms
e.allele that is expressed no matter what other allele is present
f.allele that is expressed only if two identical copies are present
g.any organism with two identical copies of an allele
h.any organism with two different forms of an allele
i.F₁ heterozygote (for a single trait)
j.genetic makeup of an organism
k.physical traits of an organism
l.likelihood of something occurring if the occurrence is a matter of chance
m.organism that is heterozygous for two different traits
n.where an allele is found on a chromosome
o.when one allele cannot completely mask the effects of another allele
p.alleles at one locus mask the expression of alleles at a different locus
q.several different genes contribute to a particular phenotype
r.single allele has multiple phenotypic effects
F₂ generation

Question 70

Explain why human height appears to be a mixture of parental phenotypes when in fact height is genetically based.

Question 71

Match each term with its correct definition.
a.displayed traits are unchanged over multiple generations
b.first generation of offspring from a parental cross
c.true-breeding organisms used in the initial cross
d.result of a cross between two first-generation organisms
e.allele that is expressed no matter what other allele is present
f.allele that is expressed only if two identical copies are present
g.any organism with two identical copies of an allele
h.any organism with two different forms of an allele
i.F₁ heterozygote (for a single trait)
j.genetic makeup of an organism
k.physical traits of an organism
l.likelihood of something occurring if the occurrence is a matter of chance
m.organism that is heterozygous for two different traits
n.where an allele is found on a chromosome
o.when one allele cannot completely mask the effects of another allele
p.alleles at one locus mask the expression of alleles at a different locus
q.several different genes contribute to a particular phenotype
r.single allele has multiple phenotypic effects
F₁ generation

Question 72

Match each term with its correct definition.
a.displayed traits are unchanged over multiple generations
b.first generation of offspring from a parental cross
c.true-breeding organisms used in the initial cross
d.result of a cross between two first-generation organisms
e.allele that is expressed no matter what other allele is present
f.allele that is expressed only if two identical copies are present
g.any organism with two identical copies of an allele
h.any organism with two different forms of an allele
i.F₁ heterozygote (for a single trait)
j.genetic makeup of an organism
k.physical traits of an organism
l.likelihood of something occurring if the occurrence is a matter of chance
m.organism that is heterozygous for two different traits
n.where an allele is found on a chromosome
o.when one allele cannot completely mask the effects of another allele
p.alleles at one locus mask the expression of alleles at a different locus
q.several different genes contribute to a particular phenotype
r.single allele has multiple phenotypic effects
P generation

Question 73

Match each term with its correct definition.
a.displayed traits are unchanged over multiple generations
b.first generation of offspring from a parental cross
c.true-breeding organisms used in the initial cross
d.result of a cross between two first-generation organisms
e.allele that is expressed no matter what other allele is present
f.allele that is expressed only if two identical copies are present
g.any organism with two identical copies of an allele
h.any organism with two different forms of an allele
i.F₁ heterozygote (for a single trait)
j.genetic makeup of an organism
k.physical traits of an organism
l.likelihood of something occurring if the occurrence is a matter of chance
m.organism that is heterozygous for two different traits
n.where an allele is found on a chromosome
o.when one allele cannot completely mask the effects of another allele
p.alleles at one locus mask the expression of alleles at a different locus
q.several different genes contribute to a particular phenotype
r.single allele has multiple phenotypic effects
pleiotropy

Question 74

Would meiosis, when it was discovered, have been understood without Mendel's work? Explain why or why not, using Mendel's three key findings about inheritance.

Question 75

Match each term with its correct definition.
a.displayed traits are unchanged over multiple generations
b.first generation of offspring from a parental cross
c.true-breeding organisms used in the initial cross
d.result of a cross between two first-generation organisms
e.allele that is expressed no matter what other allele is present
f.allele that is expressed only if two identical copies are present
g.any organism with two identical copies of an allele
h.any organism with two different forms of an allele
i.F₁ heterozygote (for a single trait)
j.genetic makeup of an organism
k.physical traits of an organism
l.likelihood of something occurring if the occurrence is a matter of chance
m.organism that is heterozygous for two different traits
n.where an allele is found on a chromosome
o.when one allele cannot completely mask the effects of another allele
p.alleles at one locus mask the expression of alleles at a different locus
q.several different genes contribute to a particular phenotype
r.single allele has multiple phenotypic effects
genotype

Question 76

Match each term with its correct definition.
a.displayed traits are unchanged over multiple generations
b.first generation of offspring from a parental cross
c.true-breeding organisms used in the initial cross
d.result of a cross between two first-generation organisms
e.allele that is expressed no matter what other allele is present
f.allele that is expressed only if two identical copies are present
g.any organism with two identical copies of an allele
h.any organism with two different forms of an allele
i.F₁ heterozygote (for a single trait)
j.genetic makeup of an organism
k.physical traits of an organism
l.likelihood of something occurring if the occurrence is a matter of chance
m.organism that is heterozygous for two different traits
n.where an allele is found on a chromosome
o.when one allele cannot completely mask the effects of another allele
p.alleles at one locus mask the expression of alleles at a different locus
q.several different genes contribute to a particular phenotype
r.single allele has multiple phenotypic effects
probability

Question 77

Match each term with its correct definition.
a.displayed traits are unchanged over multiple generations
b.first generation of offspring from a parental cross
c.true-breeding organisms used in the initial cross
d.result of a cross between two first-generation organisms
e.allele that is expressed no matter what other allele is present
f.allele that is expressed only if two identical copies are present
g.any organism with two identical copies of an allele
h.any organism with two different forms of an allele
i.F₁ heterozygote (for a single trait)
j.genetic makeup of an organism
k.physical traits of an organism
l.likelihood of something occurring if the occurrence is a matter of chance
m.organism that is heterozygous for two different traits
n.where an allele is found on a chromosome
o.when one allele cannot completely mask the effects of another allele
p.alleles at one locus mask the expression of alleles at a different locus
q.several different genes contribute to a particular phenotype
r.single allele has multiple phenotypic effects
incomplete dominance

Question 78

Match each term with its correct definition.
a.displayed traits are unchanged over multiple generations
b.first generation of offspring from a parental cross
c.true-breeding organisms used in the initial cross
d.result of a cross between two first-generation organisms
e.allele that is expressed no matter what other allele is present
f.allele that is expressed only if two identical copies are present
g.any organism with two identical copies of an allele
h.any organism with two different forms of an allele
i.F₁ heterozygote (for a single trait)
j.genetic makeup of an organism
k.physical traits of an organism
l.likelihood of something occurring if the occurrence is a matter of chance
m.organism that is heterozygous for two different traits
n.where an allele is found on a chromosome
o.when one allele cannot completely mask the effects of another allele
p.alleles at one locus mask the expression of alleles at a different locus
q.several different genes contribute to a particular phenotype
r.single allele has multiple phenotypic effects
polygenic inheritance

Question 79

Match each term with its correct definition.
a.displayed traits are unchanged over multiple generations
b.first generation of offspring from a parental cross
c.true-breeding organisms used in the initial cross
d.result of a cross between two first-generation organisms
e.allele that is expressed no matter what other allele is present
f.allele that is expressed only if two identical copies are present
g.any organism with two identical copies of an allele
h.any organism with two different forms of an allele
i.F₁ heterozygote (for a single trait)
j.genetic makeup of an organism
k.physical traits of an organism
l.likelihood of something occurring if the occurrence is a matter of chance
m.organism that is heterozygous for two different traits
n.where an allele is found on a chromosome
o.when one allele cannot completely mask the effects of another allele
p.alleles at one locus mask the expression of alleles at a different locus
q.several different genes contribute to a particular phenotype
r.single allele has multiple phenotypic effects
dihybrid

Question 80

Explain why Mendel's work was so groundbreaking.