Question 1

Prozac works by:&#10;A)causing neurons to produce more serotonin.&#10;B)causing neurons to release more serotonin into the synapse.&#10;C)blocking the reuptake of serotonin from the synapse.&#10;D)destroying enzymes that normally would deactivate serotonin.

Accepted Answer

Prozac is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) which means it blocks the reuptake of serotonin from the synapse, leaving more serotonin available for neuronal transmission.

Question 2

If you are sleeping, stimulating which area of the brain might render you instantly alert?&#10;A)hippocampus&#10;B)basal ganglia&#10;C)reticular formation&#10;D)cerebellum

Accepted Answer

The reticular formation is responsible for regulating arousal and sleep-wake transitions. Stimulating this area can instantly render a sleeping individual alert.

Question 3

Alexandria has been suffering from seizures. Of these, she is MOST likely to have a lower level of which neurotransmitter?&#10;A)GABA&#10;B)glutamate&#10;C)acetylcholine&#10;D)norepinephrine

Accepted Answer

GABA is an inhibitory neurotransmitter that helps to regulate and reduce neural activity. Low levels of GABA can lead to an overactive and hyperexcitable brain, which can increase the risk of seizures. Therefore, if Alexandria is suffering from seizures, she is most likely to have a lower level of GABA.

Question 4

Jennifer is suffering from amnesia and cannot form any new memories. Which region of her brain is MOST likely to show impairments?&#10;A)pituitary gland&#10;B)cerebellum&#10;C)Broca's area&#10;D)hippocampus

Accepted Answer

The hippocampus is responsible for the formation and consolidation of new memories. Damage to the hippocampus can lead to anterograde amnesia, which is the inability to form new memories.

Question 5

Vijay has problems orienting to loud sounds. For example, in traffic, he cannot tell the direction that a car beep originated. What area of the central nervous system is likely malfunctioning to be responsible for this behavior?

A)spinal cord
B)hindbrain
C)midbrain
D)amygdala

Accepted Answer

The midbrain is responsible for auditory localization and processing of loud sounds. Dysfunction in this area can result in difficulty orienting to loud sounds or localizing sound sources.

Question 6

_____ are sections on a strand of _____.&#10;A)Genes; DNA&#10;B)DNA; genes&#10;C)Chromosomes; DNA&#10;D)Chromosomes; genes

Accepted Answer

Genes are specific sections on a strand of DNA that code for a particular trait or function. Therefore, genes are located on DNA strands. Chromosomes are composed of long stands of DNA and contain many genes, but they are not the same as genes themselves.

Question 7

Larry got whacked on the head and lost his vision, even though his eyes were unharmed. Where did Larry probably get whacked on the head?&#10;A)in the nose&#10;B)right above his left ear&#10;C)the back of his skull&#10;D)right above the right ear

Accepted Answer

Losing vision after getting hit on the back of the skull is consistent with damage to the occipital lobe, which is responsible for visual processing.

Question 8

Tyler was shot in the head, and the bullet passed through his frontal lobe. Fortunately, Tyler survived. Of these, Tyler is MOST likely to suffer deficits in:&#10;A)processing information about touch.&#10;B)regulation of blood pressure.&#10;C)understanding spoken language.&#10;D)planning and decision making.

Accepted Answer

The frontal lobe is responsible for higher cognitive functions such as reasoning, planning, decision making, and problem-solving. Damage to this area of the brain is likely to result in deficits in these functions. Therefore, Tyler is most likely to suffer deficits in planning and decision making.

Question 9

During an action potential, information is transmitted as an electrical signal primarily as a result of _____ rushing into the cell.&#10;A)sodium&#10;B)potassium&#10;C)negatively charged protein ions&#10;D)neurotransmitters

Accepted Answer

During an action potential, sodium ions rush into the cell, resulting in depolarization and the generation of an electrical signal.

Question 10

Functional magnetic imaging (fMRI) directly measures the:&#10;A)action potentials of single neurons.&#10;B)activity of oxygenated hemoglobin in the blood in the brain.&#10;C)electrical activity in the brain.&#10;D)radioactive material absorbed by different brain regions.

Accepted Answer

fMRI measures the level of oxygenated hemoglobin in the blood flowing to different regions of the brain. When a particular area of the brain is active, it requires more oxygen, and there is an increased flow of oxygen-rich blood to that region. fMRI detects these changes in blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signals to identify active brain regions. It does not measure action potentials of single neurons or electrical activity in the brain. It also does not use radioactive material to measure brain activity.

Question 11

The benefit of using functional brain imaging techniques is that they allow researchers to:&#10;A)observe dynamic activity of the brain as it happens during specific tasks.&#10;B)produce static pictures of the brain that help locate damaged areas.&#10;C)determine cause-and-effect relationships between brain and behavior.&#10;D)diagnose tumors as benign or cancerous.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The benefit of using functional brain imaging...

Question 12

The subdivision of the peripheral nervous system responsible for lowering heart rate, respiration, and increasing digestive processes is the _____ nervous system.&#10;A)sympathetic&#10;B)parasympathetic&#10;C)somatic&#10;D)central

Accepted Answer

The answer of The subdivision of the peripheral nervous system...

Question 13

A heritability index of 0 for a behavioral trait indicates that:&#10;A)the brain has no effect on the occurrence of that behavioral trait.&#10;B)genetic variation is not responsible for the variation in the occurrence of the trait.&#10;C)changing the environment will not change the likelihood that the trait will occur.&#10;D)the trait is extremely common in the population.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A heritability index of 0 for a...

Question 14

During the refractory period, an active chemical pump in the cell membrane:&#10;A)initiates the action potential when it pumps potassium into and sodium out of the neuron.&#10;B)initiates the action potential when it pumps sodium into and potassium out of the neuron.&#10;C)restores the resting potential when it pumps potassium into and sodium out of the neuron.&#10;D)restores the resting potential when it pumps sodium into and potassium out of the neuron.

Accepted Answer

The answer of During the refractory period, an active chemical...

Question 15

The three major types of neurons are:&#10;A)sensory, dendritic, and motor neurons.&#10;B)sensory, motor, and interneurons.&#10;C)motor, mirror, and interneurons.&#10;D)sensory, motor, and mirror neurons.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The three major types of neurons are:&#10;A)sensory,...

Question 16

The three basic parts of a neuron are the:&#10;A)cell body, axon, and synapse.&#10;B)cell body, dendrites, and synapse.&#10;C)cell body, axon, and dendrites.&#10;D)synapse, axon, and dendrites.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The three basic parts of a neuron...

Question 17

The _____ stimulates the release of neurotransmitters from the _____, allowing neurons to communicate with each other.&#10;A)action potential; vesicles&#10;B)dendrites; axon&#10;C)axon; synapse&#10;D)vesicles; synapse

Accepted Answer

The answer of The _____ stimulates the release of neurotransmitters...

Deck 3: Section 6: Neuroscience and Behavior