Deck 3: Section 4: Neuroscience and Behavior

Question 1

Electrochemical action involves both conduction and transmission.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Interneurons carry signals from the spinal cord to the muscles to activate movement.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Glial cells form the nucleus of the cell body.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Both sodium and potassium ions flow across the plasma membrane of the neuron when it is at rest.

Question 5

There are more neurons in the brain than glial cells.

Question 6

The resting potential of a neuron is largely determined by the flow of potassium ions.

Question 7

Neurons do not actually touch one another.

Question 8

Of the three major types of neurons, the majority of the neurons in the nervous system are interneurons.

Question 9

Electrochemical conduction refers to the movement of an electric signal within a neuron.

Question 10

The cell body of the neuron transmits information to other neurons.

Question 11

Dendrites are parts of the neuron that receive information from other neurons.

Question 12

Bipolar cells are specialized neurons found in the cerebellum.

Question 13

At rest, the neuron does not carry an electrical charge.

Question 14

Alzheimer's disease is associated with the deterioration of the myelin sheath covering the axon.

Question 15

The terminal branch is the space between the axon terminal of one neuron and the dendrites or cell body of another neuron.

Question 16

Purkinje cells are interneurons that carry information from the cerebellum to the rest of the central nervous system.

Question 17

At rest, the charge of a neuron is approximately -70 millivolts.

Question 18

At rest, the outside of a neuron is more negatively charged relative to the inside of the neuron.

Question 19

Multiple sclerosis is associated with the deterioration of the myelin sheath covering the axon.

Question 20

The body of the cell containing its nucleus is termed the axon.

Question 21

Autoreceptors on the postsynaptic neuron signal when there is an excess of neurotransmitters in the synapse.

Question 22

During an action potential potassium gates open, allowing potassium to rush into the cell.

Question 23

Neurotransmitters will remain in the synapse until they bind to a receptor on a postsynaptic neuron.

Question 24

An action potential cannot occur during the refractory period.

Question 25

Alzheimer's disease is associated with a deterioration of serotonin-producing neurons.

Question 26

Using a lock-and-key analogy, the receptor is the lock and the neurotransmitter is the key.

Question 27

The release of endorphins dulls the experience of pain.

Question 28

Most neurotransmitters can bind with most types of receptor sites.

Question 29

An excess of glutamate activity can cause seizures.

Question 30

At rest, there are more sodium ions outside relative to inside of a neuron.

Question 31

GABA is the main excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain.

Question 32

The brain of someone on a heightened state of alert may exhibit enhanced activity of the endorphins.

Question 33

Low levels of dopamine have been linked to schizophrenia.

Question 34

The strength of an action potential is proportional to the amount of stimulation received by the neuron.

Question 35

Low levels of acetylcholine and dopamine have been implicated in depression.

Question 36

During an action potential, the inside of the cell becomes more positive relative to the outside.

Question 37

Dopamine is involved in associating actions with rewards.

Question 38

Only electrical stimulations that are above a threshold can initiate an action potential.

Question 39

During the refractory period, a chemical pump moves sodium into the cell and potassium out of the cell.

Question 40

Morphine has similar chemical properties to the neurotransmitter dopamine.

Question 41

The somatic nervous system controls the voluntary movements of skeletal muscles.

Question 42

Damage higher on the spinal cord usually results in more severe impairment.

Question 43

The spinal cord is the major component of the peripheral nervous system.

Question 44

One function of the parasympathetic nervous system is to relax the bladder.

Question 45

Drugs that block the reuptake of serotonin are used in treating depression.

Question 46

L-dopa is a common drug used to treat the delusions associated with schizophrenia.

Question 47

One function of the sympathetic nervous system is to dilate the pupils.

Question 48

Prozac acts as an antagonist for serotonin.

Question 49

The pain withdrawal reflex occurs without any input from the brain.

Question 50

One function of the sympathetic nervous system is to increase digestion.

Question 51

Amphetamine causes the release of norepinephrine and dopamine into the synapse.

Question 52

The parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for ejaculation in males.

Question 53

Beta blockers are antagonists for the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.

Question 54

If you ever find yourself being chased by a crazed axe murderer, your parasympathetic nervous system will trigger heart rate increases, providing your muscles with more oxygen such that you can run faster and longer.

Question 55

Amphetamine and cocaine both prevent the reuptake of norepinephrine and dopamine.

Question 56

The central nervous system consists of both the brain and the spinal cord.

Question 57

The two major subdivisions of the peripheral nervous system are sympathetic and parasympathetic.

Question 58

A drug agonist enhances the activity of a neurotransmitter.

Question 59

The sympathetic nervous system prepares the body for action in life-threatening situations.

Question 60

L-dopa acts as an antagonist for dopamine.

Question 61

Lesions to some areas of the hypothalamus may result in overeating.

Question 62

The activity of the pituitary gland is directed by the thalamus.

Question 63

The basal ganglia play a central role in many emotional processes.

Question 64

The reticular formation is important for regulating sleep, wakefulness, and arousal.

Question 65

The thalamus is part of the limbic system.

Question 66

The cerebellum coordinates heartbeat, blood circulation, and respiration.

Question 67

The hippocampus is critical for the formation of new memories.

Question 68

Severing the connections between the reticular formation and the rest of the brain may result in an irreversible coma.

Question 69

The spinal cord is continuous with the hindbrain.

Question 70

The tectum and tegmentum are midbrain structures involved in the recognition of facial emotions.

Question 71

The amygdala is involved in attaching emotional significance to events.

Question 72

Jenkins rapidly jerks his head to the sound of a car backfiring down the street, a behavior made possible by his tectum.

Question 73

The medulla is referred to as the "little brain" because it is extremely vital to basic life functions.

Question 74

The hypothalamus relays information from the senses to the cerebral cortex.

Question 75

Lesions to some areas of the hypothalamus may result in a loss of interest in food.

Question 76

A human cannot survive with only a functional hindbrain and midbrain.

Question 77

The hippocampus is shaped like a sea horse.

Question 78

The thalamus regulates hunger, thirst, and sexual behavior.

Question 79

Electrically stimulating a certain region of the hypothalamus produces feelings of intense pleasure.

Question 80

People with damaged lumbar nerves probably cannot move their arms.